4. Отношение автора к отдельным моментам.

The author gives full coverage to … – Автор полностью охватывает …

The author asserts that … – Автор утверждает, что …

The author resorts to … to underline … – Автор прибегает к …, чтобы …

Let me give an example… – Позвольте мне привести пример …

5. Ваш вывод.

The message of the article is that …/ The main idea of the article is … – Основная идея статьи (послание автора)…

In conclusion I’d like to … – В заключение я хотел бы …

My own attitude to this article is … – Мое личное отношение к этой статье...

I fully agree with / I don’t agree with – Я полностью согласен с / Я не согласен с …

I have found the article dull / important / interesting /of great value – Я нахожу статью скучной / важной / интересной / имеющей большое значение (ценность)

Hospital Fire in Calcutta

At least 89 people have been killed in a fire that broke out in a hospital in the eastern Indian city of Calcutta . Most of the victims were patients who were trapped after the flames spread through the hospital. The fire started in the multi-story hospital's basement, where flammable materials were stored. Firefighters took five hours to control the blaze. The license of the six-story hospital had been cancelled.

At the moment there were 160 patients in the 190-bed hospital. Many of the patients who died suffocated on fumes. A number were rescued. "We have taken 50 patients to an adjacent hospital. The situation is grim at the moment," fire brigade chief Gopal told news agencies. Scores of ambulances were carrying patients from the hospital. Thick columns of smoke spread from the building and rescue workers broke windows to let in air. Dead bodies - wrapped in white sheets - were being brought out and taken to the mortuary.

Soon, hundreds of relatives gathered in front of the hospital - frantically seeking information. But hospital authorities had little to give them - they could not say how many had died or who had been brought out. Unable to find their loved ones, many relatives quickly ran out of patience. Local people climbed into the hospital compound to rescue patients before fire engines arrived. The narrow surrounding streets made it difficult for the rescue services to arrive quickly.

State minister for public health accused senior hospital officials of running away after the fire broke out: "It was horrifying that the hospital authorities did not make any effort to rescue trapped patients." Police told New York Times the six hospital officials arrested were being questioned on charges of culpable homicide and that they had surrendered voluntarily.

The fire had spread swiftly from the basement to the upper floors of the private hospital. One rescued patient said: "The attendants woke me up and dragged me down the stairs. I saw 10-15 patients at the top of the stairs trying to get down."

by Sandy Schreder, New York Times news reporter

Summary (реферат)

Variant 9

1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на временную форму глагола. Выпишите сказуемое и укажите его время.

1. Only a few people were able to escape through fire exits.

2. When the owners came back, their flat had burned to ashes.

3. We usually apply foam extinguishers to blanket cooking oil fires.

4. He has been working as a firefighter since 1999.

5. Wildfire has always been a serious threat to villages and even cities.

6. Several fire brigades were extinguishing that fire at 5 o’clock yesterday.

7. Dense smoke and toxic gases begin to fill the apartment.

8. I’m working at my pronunciation at the moment.

9. Sodium will burn in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere.

2. Составьте 2 общих вопроса, 2 специальных вопроса и 2 отрицательных предложения к утверждениям из Задания 1.

3. Поставьте прилагательные, данные в скобках, в соответствующую степень сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Water is the (available) and cheap extinguishing agent.

2. Some combustible gases (heavy) than air.

3. The (much) you know, the (little) you sleep.

4. China is (much) populated country in the world.

5. 1666 Great Fire of London raged for (much) than 4 days.

6. I’m (little) interested in this profession than my friend.

4. Переведите слова на русский язык и определите, к каким частям речи они относятся. Укажите словообразующий суффикс или префикс.

1. complete – incomplete – completion

2. burn – unburned – burning – burner

3. oxide – oxygen – oxidize – oxidation

4. threat – threaten – threatening

5. care – careful – careless – carelessness

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. You ought to have paid more attention to fire safety measures.

2. We can’t put out this hotel fire without the assistance of other crews.

3. Rescuers were able to evacuate 150 workers prior to building collapse.

4. I’ll have to get up early on Monday, I’m to take my tactics test.

5. We must not allow our children to play with matches and lighters.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Подчеркните сказуемое в страдательном залоге.

1. The report was already being listened to when we came into the lecture hall.

2. Two more cars were damaged by the explosion.

3. In Canada two languages are spoken – French and English.

4. Flammable liquids should be should be stored in special places.

5. A lot of combustible gases is created by heat.

7. Перепишите предложения, выбрав причастие нужной формы. Укажите вид причастия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. It’s been raining all day. The weather is (depressed, depressing).

2. I turned off the television in the middle of the program. The program was (bored, boring. I was (boring, bored). .

3. We teach students. It’s hard job. We often find our job (exhausted, exhausting). At the end of the day we are often (exhausting, exhausted..

8. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод герундия.

1. Some people prefer reading books to watching television.

2. He proposed leaving at dawn.

3. If you don’t obey traffic rules, you risk losing your car and even your life..

4. What do you intend doing?.

5. Would you mind waiting for me?.

9. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. This student appears to be sleeping.

2. Rescuers attempted to stop the self-murderer, but it was too late.

3. We expect our fire brigade to come back at 6 p.m.

4. There were many problems to be solved in order to understand these phenomena.

5. It took us 3 hours to put out that devastating fire.

6. The driver managed to get out of the burning car.

10. Прочитайте текст.

Search and Rescue Operation

Rescue operations consist of searching for and removing trapped occupants of hazardous conditions. Search patterns include movement against room walls (to prevent rescuers from becoming lost or disoriented) and methodical searches of specific areas by designated teams.

Searches for trapped victims are exhaustively detailed, often including searches of cupboards, closets, and under beds. The search is divided into two stages, the primary and secondary. The primary search is conducted quickly and thoroughly, typically beginning in the area closest to the fire as it is subjected to the highest risk of exposure. The secondary search only begins once the fire is under control, and is always (resources and personnel permitting) performed by a different team from that which did the primary search.

Searching a building is normally a two to three man team. The most common way to search a building that is filled with smoke is to crawl on hands and knees with an axe (or any other tool) in the firefighter's left hand. The firefighter will keep one hand on the wall, or a foot in contact at all times with the wall.

It is also important to remember that the firefighter needs to check the floor before he moves into the room.

Rescue operations may also involve the extrication of victims of motor vehicle crashes. Here firefighters use spreaders, cutters, and hydraulic rams, collectively called hydraulic rescue tools - known better to the public as Jaws of Life - to remove metal from the patient, followed by actually removing the patient, usually on a backboard with collar, and transferring to a waiting ambulance crew in the cold zone.

Rescue operations require extensive technical training. Rescuer must have medical training to perform any technical rescue operation. Accordingly, firefighters involved in rescue operations have some kind of medical training as first responders, emergency medical technicians, paramedics or nurses.