1 Year - students. Specialty: Pedagogics and psychology Professionally-oriented foreign language (pre-intermediate) Card 7

I. Render the text from English into Russian/Kazakh

Short Term Memory.  There are typically six reasons why information stored in our short term memory.

1. primacy effect - information that occurs first is typically remembered better than information occurring later. 

2. recency effect - often the last bit of information is remembered better because not as much time has past; time which results in forgetting.

3. distinctiveness - if something stands out from information around it, it is often remembered better. 

4. frequency effect - rehearsal, as stated in the first example, results in better memory.  Remember trying to memorize a formula for your math class.   

5. associations - when we associate or attach information to other information it becomes easier to remember.  Many of us use this strategy in our professions and everyday life in the form of acronyms.  

6. reconstruction - sometimes we actually fill in the blanks in our memory. 

Long Term Memory.  Information that passes from our short term to our long term memory is typically that which has some significance attached to it.  Imagine how difficult it would be to forget the day you graduated, or your first kiss.  Now think about how easy it is to forget information that has no significance; the color of the car you parked next to at the store or what shirt you wore last Thursday.  When we process information, we attach significance to it and information deemed important is transferred to our long term memory.

There are other reasons information is transferred. As we all know, sometimes our brains seem full of insignificant facts. Repetition plays a role in this, as we tend to remember things more the more they are rehearsed. Other times, information is transferred because it is somehow attached to something significant. You may remember that it was a warm day when you bought your first car. The temperature really plays no important role, but is attached to the memory og buying your first car.

II. Ask 6 questions to the text

III. Write on the topic: My future profession

1 Year - students. Specialty: Pedagogics and psychology Professionally-oriented foreign language (pre-intermediate) Card 8

I. Render the text from English into Russian/Kazakh

The term phobia, which comes from the Ancient Greek word for the fear (fobos), denotes a number of psychological and psychological conditions that can range from serious disabilities to common fears. Phobias are the most common form of anxiety disorder. An American study by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) found that between 5.1 and 21.5 percent of Americans suffer from phobias. Broken down by age and gender, the study found that phobias were the most common mental illness among women in all age groups and the second most common illness among men older than 25.

Most psychologists and psychiatrists divide phobias into three categories. Social phobias – fears to do with other people and social relationships such as performance anxiety, fears of eating in public, etc. Specific phobias – fear of a single specific panic trigger, like dogs, flying, running water and so on. Agoraphobia – a generalized fear of leaving your home or your small familiar ‘safe’ area, and of the inevitable panic attacks that will follow. Agoraphobia is the only phobia regularly treated as a medical condition.

Phobias vary in severity among individuals, with some phobias simply disliking or avoiding the subject of their fear and suffering mild anxiety. Others suffer fully-fledged panic attacks with all the associated disabling symptoms. It is possible for a sufferer to become phobic about virtually anything. The name of a phobia generally contains a Greek word what the patient fears plus the suffix-phobia. Greeting these terms is something of a word game. Few of these terms are found in medical literature, e.g. cancer phobia is a fear of cancer, death phobia is a fear of death or dead things cardio phobia is a fear of heart disease.

II. Ask 6 questions to the text

III. Write on the topic: Describing yourself