Introduction

Properties of many materials in the world around us is unusual. For example, metals with their inherent high strength and ductility, or concrete with its high stiffness and brittleness, or laminates, with their low strength and ductility are the usual materials, but there is a significant group of materials, striking an unusual combination of properties of dissimilar materials.

So, the well-known reinforced concrete allows to build structures that can withstand large bending loads (spans of bridges, beams, shells), which are absolutely contraindicated of the original concrete — it cracks at a sufficiently small bending loads.

Igneous volcanic lava, having a chemical composition quite well-known rocks, is characterized by a very low density (even at least one) in combination with sufficient strength and good insulating properties that determine the possibility of using, for example, in construction.

Such materials combine the inherent properties apart several materials, usually referred to as composite materials (KM).

Indeed, the history of the human use of composite materials goes back many centuries, and the idea of composite materials borrowed by man from nature. Already in the early stages of the development of civilization people have used for construction bricks with clay, which zameshivaete straw, gave increased strength.

Usage of natural bitumens possible to increase the resistance of natural materials and produce the court of reeds, impregnated with bitumen. There is some analogy between the mummification of the dead with the subsequent winding body in the form of a cocoon of strips of fabric and modern technology winding shells of missiles between the fabrication of military archers, the nomads with the use of multiple layers of wood, horn, silk, fastened with the aid of glue, and a modern metal-wood-fabric layered structures connecting otverg-given resins.

One of the most striking examples of this is the Fiberglas material of the glass fibers, bonded polymeric binder, the structure of which follows the structure of the bamboo, where continuous cellulose fibers are more ductile matrix with a low modulus.

The examples highlight, the common composite materials regardless of their origin, namely, all of these materials are the result of volumetric heterogeneous mix of components, one of which is plastic (binder, matrix) and the other has high strength and stiffness (filler valve), and thus the compositions have properties which are separate components.

It is clear that as both the first and the second component, there may be a variety of the nature and origin of materials. Known composites based on metals, ceramics, glass, carbon, plastics and other materials.

In the broadest sense almost every modern material is a composition, since all the materials are extremely rarely used in its purest form. This creates certain difficulties from the point of view of the use of the term — it applies to everything are often mechanically complex system containing several components.

It should be emphasized that the science of composite materials (materials science section) was born recently, on the brink of 60 years, and was developed mainly for solving the problem of improving the mechanical characteristics and heat resistance.

In recent years, in connection with the extension of the set of properties implemented using polymeric composite materials, has greatly expanded research on the creation of antifriction composite materials for medical and biological applications, gas-filled composites, thermal and electrically conductive KM, KM and non-flammable.

In this regard, it is appropriate to say that the modern definition of composite materials involves the following conditions.

1. The composition should be a combination of at least two dissimilar materials with a clear boundary between the phases.

2. The components of the composition to form it to their surround mix.

3. The composition should have properties which none of its components separately.

Discipline: Composite silicate materials" belongs to the special disciplines and is an integral part of the professional preparation masters (6М075300 – "Chemical technology of refractory nonmetallic and silicate materials", master students within the framework of the State program of industrial-innovative development – 2 (within the SP IID-2).

The course content is aimed at studying the prospects for establishing a silicate composite materials; innovative aspects of combining Portland cement and gypsum binder; artificial composite materials – concretes; composite mineral binding substances on the basis of large-tonnage industrial wastes; ceramic composite materials.

The purpose of discipline "Composite silicate materials" consists in the formation of the students of modern ideas about the features of different types of composite silicate materials.

The main tasks of the discipline include the acquisition by students of technological and engineering knowledge in the field of technology of composite silicate materials; acquisition of skills of performing technological calculations.

Upon completion of this course the students should be able to:

- to demonstrate professional knowledge in the field of physical-chemical methods of analysis of non-metallic minerals and mineral-raw material supply for production of modern construction materials based on independent research of the material composition and properties of mineral raw materials, selection of promising fields;

- to predict the properties of building materials depending on the characteristics of the raw materials and the technology;

- to justify the choice of raw materials for production of concrete types of cement, ceramic and concrete;

- to develop the component compounds and technologies under the specified mineralogical composition, structure and properties of cement, ceramic and concrete;

- possess the theoretical and technological achievements of the advanced international experience and modern science to develop innovative, energy-efficient, environmentally safe and new for Kazakhstan cement, ceramics and concrete and composite materials on their basis;

- to analyze, to systematize theoretical and experimental materials;

- to create projects for the production of new types of cement, ceramic and concrete;

- to develop quality business plans and conduct market research to implement projects;

to master the skills of description of physical and chemical processes of cooking and adjusting the raw mixtures;

- to plan and organize technological processes;

- use in the production of modern technology for extraction and processing of raw materials;

- to assess the basic parameters of products;

- to independently use of modern methods of control of technological operations, the quality of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products;

- know the technology and production methods of composite materials;

- to develop and implement an energy-saving and resource-saving technologies of production of silicate materials using man-made products and natural non-traditional raw materials;

- to develop technology and production parameters, magnesia and composite silicate materials.