Contracted pelvis
! Women's pelvis is considered an anatomically contracted pelvis, when at least one of pelvic dimensions is reduced by (cm)
* 0,5
* 0,6-1,4
* +1,5-2,0
* 2,1- 2,5
* 2,6-3,0
! The clinically contracted pelvis is the discrepancy of pelvic sizes of the woman in labor to the
* Fetal weight
* Fetal height
* +Fetal head
* Circumference of the fetus shoulders
* Fetal abdominal circumference
! Etiology of contracted pelvis is diagnosed on the basis of medical history of
* +life
* disease
* parity
* gynecological
* Obstetric and gynecological
! Indirectly, the contracted pelvis of women can be indicated by the * +height
* excessive weight
* proportional body type
* degree of development of mammary glands
* disproportional body type
!The special methods of examination allowing to estimate the pecularities of the pelvic structure and some of pelvic dimensions
* observing with gynecological mirrors
* +Vaginal examination
* Measurement of Solovyov index
* Examination of the external genitalia
* Examination by Leopold maneuvers
! Thickness of the pelvic bones can be judged by the
* Conjugata diagonalis
* Conjugata externa
* Conjugata vera
* +Index of Solovyov
* Michaelis rhombus
! In the basic of classification of a contracted pelvis is used the indicator of
* Index of Solovyov
* external conjugate
* +Conjugata vera
* diagonal conjugate
* sizes of the Michaelis rhombus
! The size of obstetrical conjugate at the I degree of contracted pelvis (cm)
* lower than 5,5
* lower than 6,5
* 7,5-6,5
* 9-7,5
* +9-11
! The size of obstetrical conjugate at the II degree of contracted pelvis (cm)
* lower than 5,5
* lower than 6,5
* 7,5-6,5
* +9-7,5
* 9-11
! The size of obstetrical conjugate at the III degree of contracted pelvis (cm)
* lower than 5,5
* lower than 6,5
* +7,5-6,5
* 9-7,5
* 9-11
! The size of obstetrical conjugate at the IV degree of contracted pelvis (cm)
* lower than 5,5
* +lower than 6,5
* 7,5-6,5
* 9-7,5
* 9-11
! Currently, the most common form of contracted pelvis is
* generally contracted pelvis
* +transverse contracted pelvis
* flat rachitic pelvis
* funnel-shaped pelvis
* simple flat pelvis
! If the size of obstetrical conjugate is normal, but the transverse dimensions are reduced by 0.5-1.0 cm, this pelvis is called
* generally contracted pelvis
* +transverse contracted pelvis
* flat rachitic pelvis
* funnel-shaped pelvis
* simple flat pelvis
! The picture shows the next form of anatomically contracted pelvis
* obliquely contracted pelvis
* simple flat pelvis
* flat rachitic pelvis
* +transverse contracted pelvis
* generally contracted pelvis
! The pelvic sizes of the nulliparous with height of 162 cm, weight of 52 kg, are 23-26-28-20 cm. These dimensions correspond to the following form of the anatomically contracted pelvis
* generally contracted pelvis
* +transverse contracted pelvis
* flat rachitic pelvis
* simple flat pelvis
* obliquely contracted pelvis
! If all the dimensions are reduced to 1.5-2.0 cm, this pelvis is called
* +generally contracted pelvis
* transverse contracted pelvis
* flat rachitic pelvis
* funnel-shaped pelvis
* simple flat pelvis
! The pelvic sizes of the nulliparous with height of 152 cm, weight of 54 kg are 23-25-29-18 cm. These dimensions correspond to the following form of the anatomically contracted pelvis
* +generally contracted pelvis
* transverse contracted pelvis
* flat rachitic pelvis
* simple flat pelvis
* obliquely contracted pelvis
! The pecularity of mechanism of labor in case of generally contracted pelvis is
* Marked extension of the head
* Head does not perform internal rotation
* +Marked flexion of the head at the entrance to the pelvis
* Asynclitism
* Prolonged high standing of the head with the sagittal suture in the transverse dimension of the plane of pelvic inlet
! The pelvis, which is characterized by decrease obstetric conjugate and increase of all other anteroposterior diameters, as well as with flat sacrum and wide pubic arch is called
* generally contracted pelvis
* +flat rachitic pelvis
* transverse contracted pelvis
* funnel-shaped pelvis
* simple flat pelvis
! The pelvis in which the sacrum is more deeply embroiled to the pelvis without changing the shape and curvature of the sacrum and all anteroposterior diameters of this pelvic cavity are moderately shortened is called
* generally contracted pelvis
* transverse contracted pelvis
* flat rachitic pelvis
* +simple flat pelvis
* funnel-shaped pelvis
! The asynclitism, prolonged transverse low standing of the head with the sagittal suture, extension of the head are peculiarities of mechanism of the labor at the next form of a contracted pelvis
* contracted pelvis
* +simple flat pelvis
* transverse contracted pelvis
* flat rachitic pelvis
* generally contracted pelvis
! A parturient woman during the second stage of labor at vaginal examination the cervical dilatation is full, there are no amniotic membranes, fetal head is pressed to the plane of the inlet of pelvis, the sagittal suture is in the transverse size and shifted to the pubis. The clinical presentation corresponds to the following insertion
* Occipital posterior
* Occipital anterior
* Anterior asynclitism
* +Posterior asynclitism
* Brow presentation
! The issue of a clinically contracted pelvis is solved definitively in the next opening of the cervix (cm)
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* +10
! The difficult urination, swelling of cervix uteri, pathological retraction ring, painfullness of lower segment are symptoms of following obstetric situation
* Uterine rupture
* Incoordinated uterine activity
* +Clinically contracted pelvis
* Anatomically contracted pelvis
* Precipitate labor
! One of the serious complications of clinically contracted pelvis is
* +Uterine rupture
* infection
* obstetric fistulae
* disorder of urination
* Separation of the symphysis pubis
! The special obstetrical examination, which allows to determine the location of the fetal head is
* +Vaginal examination
* External obstetric examination
* Speculum examination
* Examination of the external genitalia
* Ultrasound examination
The concept of physiological labor
! The premature delivery is called so when it occurs in the next weeks of pregnancy
* 12 to 15
* 16 to 21
* 37 to 40
* 41 to 42
* +22 to 37 ! A sign of the onset of labor is the appearance of
* Blood show
* Mucus plug from the vagina
* irregular contractions
* +regular contractions
* powerful muscular contractions
! The physiological process during which the expulsion of the fetus, placenta and membranes from the uterus through the birth canal occurs is called
* +delivery
* powerful muscular contractions
* contractions
* false contractions
* amniorrhea
! False contractions are called so when they are
* Incoordinated
* +irregular
* regular
* excessive
* powerful muscular contractions
! The totality of the translational and rotational motions made by the fetus during the passage through the true pelvis and soft parts of the birth canal is called
* configuration of head
* +biomechanism of delivery
* flexion of head
* contractions
* powerful muscular contractions
! The reduction of the muscle fibers of the uterus is called
* dystocia
* retraction
* distraction
* +contraction
* discoordination
!The displacement of muscle fibers of the uterus and change of their relative position is called
* dystocia
* +retraction
* distraction
* contraction
* discoordination
! The reduction of the muscle fibers of the corpus uteri, pulling the circular muscles of the cervix to the side and up is called
* dystocia
* retraction
* contraction
* +distraction
* discoordination
! During contractions in the muscles of the corpus uteri the following changes take place:
* Polarization, depolarization
* Areflexion, atony, hypotension
* +Contraction, retraction, distraction
* Muscle relaxation, discoordination, dystocia
* Compensation, subcompensation, decompensation
! The contraction of myometrium is
* regrouping of muscles
* stretching of muscle fibers
* +contraction of the muscle fibers
* stretching of circular muscle of cervix
* relative displacement of the fibers
! The retraction of myometrium is
* regrouping of muscles
* tension of the muscle fibers
* contraction of muscle fibers
* stretching of circular muscle of cervix
* +relative displacement of the fibers
! The distraction of myometrium is
* regrouping of muscles
* contraction of the muscle fibers
* +stretching of muscle fibers
* stretching of circular muscle of cervix
* relative displacement of the fibers
! Uterine contractions begin in the fundus of the uterus and take all the muscles of corpus of the uterus until
* vagina
* cervix uteri
* perineum
* +lower segment of the uterus
* vulvar ring
! The dominant focus of excitation contraction in the uterus is often localized at the
* fundus of the uterus
* left corner of the uterus
* cervix uteri
* +right corner of the uterus
* lower segment of the uterus
! The structural changes of the cervix during delivery of nulliparous start from the area of
* external os of the cervical canal
* +internal os of the cervical canal
* cervical canal
* vaginal part of the cervix
* Internal and external oses in parallel
! By the Bishop's score the following states of the cervix can be
* Firm, soft, rigid
* Long, Medium, Short,
* Central, Eccentric
* +Immature, maturing, mature
* Compensated, subcompensated, decompensated
! The dilation, effacement, consistency and position of the cervix relatively to the wire axis of the pelvis and the position of the fetus' head in relation to the distance from the ischial spines are the criteria of the
* Apgar score
* +Bishop's score
* index of Solovyov
* Silverman score
* formula of Jordania
! Cervix is assessed as «immature» if Bishop's score is
* 1-2
* less than 4
* +less than 6
* 6-8
* 9 and more
! Cervix is assessed as «maturing» if Bishop’s score is
* 1-2
* less than 4
* less than 6
* +6-8
* 9 and more
! Cervix is assessed as «mature» if Bishop’s score is
* 1-2
* less than 4
* less than 6
* 6-8
* +9 and more
! If in a full-term pregnancy a pregnant woman’s cervix is 1-2 cm long, soft, occupies the wire axis of pelvis, the cervical canal disclosed to 3 cm, the head is at the level of the ischial spines, then the cervix is assessed by the Bishop's score as
* +mature
* immature
* maturing
* latent phase of labor
* active phase of labor
! If in a full-term pregnancy a pregnant woman’s cervix is 3 cm long, is partially softened, occupies the middle position relatively to the wire axis of pelvis, the cervical canal disclosed to 2-3 cm, the head is 2 cm above the level of the ischial spines, the cervix is assessed by the Bishop's score as
* mature
* immature
* +maturing
* latent phase of labor
* active phase of labor
! If in a full-term pregnancy a pregnant woman’s cervix is 3-4 cm long, firm, turned backwards relatively to the wire axis of pelvis, the cervical canal is closed, the head is 2 cm above the level of the ischial spines, the cervix is assessed by the Bishop's score as
* mature
* +immature
* maturing
* latent phase of labor
* active phase of labor
The stages of labor
! During first stage of labor vaginal examinations are performed at interval: * 30 minutes * 2 hours * +4 hours * 6 hours * 8 hours ! Labor act consists of the following number of periods * 1 * 2 * +3 * 4 * 5 ! The average duration of the 1st stage of labor of nulliparous is (hours) * 1-3 * 4-5 * 6-7 * 8-9 * +10-11 ! The average duration of the 1st stage of labor of multiparous is (hours) * 1-3 * 4-5 * +7-9 * 8-9 * 10-11 ! The objective criterion of efficiency of labor in first stage of labor is * intensity of uterine contraction * intensity of expulsive efforts * Color of amniotic fluid * Amount of amniotic fluid * +Dynamics of cervical dilatation ! The dilatation rate in the latent phase of first stage of labor should be not slower than (cm / hour) * 0.15 * 0.35 * 0.5 * +1.0 * 1.5 ! The dilatation rate in the active phase of first stage of labor should be not slower than (cm / hour) * 0.15 * 0.35 * +0.5 * 1.0 * 1.5 ! The average duration of the second stage of labor in nulliparous is * 15-25 minutes * 30-55 minutes * +1-2 hours * 3-4 hours * 5-6 hours
!
This picture shows the following fetal presentation, position and
variety of position
*
+left occiput anterior
* left occiput posterior
* right
face anterior
* right occiput anterior
* right occiput
posterior
!
This picture shows the following fetal presentation and variety of
position
*
Face, anterior
* +Occipital, posterior
* Occipital,
anterior
* brow, posterior
* brow, anterior
!
This picture shows the following fetal presentation, position and
variety of position
*
left occiput posterior
* +left occiput anterior
* right
face anterior
* right occiput anterior
* right occiput
posterior
!
This picture shows the following fetal presentation and variety of
position
*
Face, anterior
* Occipital, posterior
* +Occipital,
anterior
* brow, posterior
*
brow, anterior
!
In this picture the fetal head is located in the plane of the
*
pelvic inlet (small segment of fetal head in pelvic inlet)
*
pelvic inlet (large segment of fetal head in pelvic inlet)
*
greatest pelvic dimensions
* least pelvic dimensions
(midpelvis)
* +pelvic outlet
! Active management of the third stage of labor involves the use of * Methylergometrinum * Misoprostol * +Oxytocin * Enzaprost (dinoprost) * Pabal (carbetocin) ! According to the clinical protocols (2013) active management of the third stage of labor involves intramuscular injection of 10 IU of oxytocin after * Separation of placenta * delivery of shoulders * disengagement * Engagement of the fetal head * +delivery of the anterior shoulder ! During the first hour after delivery the tone of the uterus is assessed every * 5 minutes * 10 minutes * +15 minutes * 20 minutes * 30 minutes ! The physiological blood loss during delivery of the body weight (%) * +0.5 * 10 * 15 * 20 * 2.5 ! The physiological blood loss during delivery after normal pregnancy must not exceed relatively to body weight * 1% * 2% * 0.3% * +0.5% * 0.8% ! The physiological blood loss of pregnant women suffering from anemia relatively to body weight is (%) * 0.1 * 0.2 * +0.3 * 0.4 * 0.5
Partograph ! What is shown in this fragment of partograph
* mother’s pulse * +Fetal heartbeat * arterial pressure * Amount of amniotic fluid * intensity of uterine contraction ! What does symbol "X" show on this fragment of partograph
* configuration of fetal head * +cervical dilatation * descent of fetal head * intensity of uterine contraction * time of discharge of amniotic fluid
! On this fragment of partograph cervical dilatation is (cm)
* +3 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 ! On this fragment of partograph cervical dilatation is (cm)
* +1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
! On this fragment of partograph cervical dilatation is (cm)
* 1
* 2
* 3
* +4
* 5
! At this fragment of partograph symbol "X" shows cervical dilatation of 3 cm, which corresponds to the next phase of labor
* False labor * +latent * active * third * labors
! At this fragment of partograph symbol "X" shows cervical dilatation 4 cm, which corresponds to the next phase of the genera
* false labor * latent * +active * third
* labors
! At this fragment of partograph symbol "0" represents the next descent of the fetal head in the pelvic cavity
* +5/5
* 4/5
* 3/5
* 2/5
* 1/5
! At this fragment of partograph symbol "0" represents the next descent of the fetal head in the pelvic cavity
* 5/5
* +4/5
* 3/5
* 2/5
* 1/5
! On this fragment of partogram the descent of the fetal head in the pelvic cavity is 2/5. Clinically, this means that the fetal head under palpation
* +2 fingers above the symphysis pubis * 5 fingers above the symphysis pubis * 4 fingers above the symphysis pubis * 3 fingers above the symphysis pubis * 1 finger above the symphysis pubis
! In this fragment of partograph symbol "M" represents the following description of amniotic fluid
* intact
* clear
* absent * blood
* +meconium
! In this fragment of partograph symbol «I» shows the following characteristics of amniotic fluid
* +intact
* clear
* absent * blood
* meconium
! In this fragment "solid hatch" corresponds to the strong contractions, the duration of which is (seconds)
* Less than 10 * Less than 20 * 20-30 * 30-40 * +40 and more
The physiology of the fetus. Anatomical and physiological characteristics of a newborn
! The respiratory rate per minute of a healthy newborn is
* 10-20
* 20-30
* +30-60
* 60-90
* 90-120
! The normal hemoglobin in a healthy newborn is (g / l)
* 63-112
* 113-132
* 133-182
* +183-232
* 233-282
! Group reflexes among newborns, reflecting the state of the facial, trigeminal, hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves
* Grasping, plantar, protective
* Crawling, support, automatic walk
* Asymmetrical neck-tonic, search
* +Search, sucking, Babkin's reflex
* Babkin's reflex, search, grasping
! One of the signs of the immaturity of newborn
* large lips of pudendum cover small lips of pudendum
* +Solid ear and nasal cartilages
* The absence of vernix
* Dense bones of the skull
* Body weight of 2500.0 grams or more
! One of the signs of the immaturity of newborn
* Dense bones of the skull
* The absence of vernix
* Solid ear and nasal cartilages
* Body weight of 2500.0 grams or more
* +Low position of the umbilical ring
! Signs of preterm infants
* beef-steak hand
* Reduced skin turgor
* Lean vernix caseosa
* Dense bones of the skull, narrow joints and springs
* +Soft bones of the skull, wide joints and springs
! The most constant and true sign of maturity of newborn is his
* weight
* +length
* Head circumference
* Abdominal circumference
* Chest circumference
! One of the signs of maturity term infants is
* Length less than 47 cm
* +Testicles descended into the scrotum
* Body weight less than 2500.0 grams
* Location of the umbilical ring is closer to the xiphoid process
* Soft bones of the skull, wide joints and springs
! Symptoms of genital crisis of newborn girls
* Hypertrophy of the clitoris
* Hypertrichosis, hirsutism
* Hypertrophy of the clitoris, hirsutism
* Hypertrophy of the labia minora
* +Breast tenderness, bleeding from the genital tract
! Symptoms of genital crisis of newborn boys
* monorchism
* hypospadias
* hypertrichosis
* cryptorchidism
* +Breast engorgement
! One sign of the postmaturity of newborn are
* +Thick skull bones, narrow joints and springs
* Low position of the umbilical ring
* Lanugo on the back, shoulders, chest,
* Soft ear and nasal cartilages
* Abundance of vernix
! Physiological jaundice in the newborn is caused by
* Congenital hepatitis
* Hemolytic disease
* Rh-conflict pregnancy
* Mechanical blockage biliary tract
* +Reduction in the functional activity of hepatocytes
! To adaptation (borderline) states of the neonatal period is applied
* Weight loss of 15% of the birthweight
* Hemolytic jaundice
* +Toxic erythema
* Vesicles-pustulosis
* conjunctivitis
! According to the "Main clinical protocols and orders of the MH of RK in obstetrics and neonatology" (2010), assessment of the newborn at birth is used to determine
* The availability of hypothermia
* +Further tactics
* Blood group and Rh factor
* Contraindications to vaccination
* Feasibility of breastfeeding
! According to the "Main clinical protocols and orders of MH of RK in obstetrics and neonatology" (2010), an adequate breathing of the newborn, the presence of malformations and birth trauma can take it to one of the following groups
* Immediately start resuscitation
* Care for healthy newborns
* Special care baby close
* Special care for the small baby
* +Caring for a child with congenital / birth trauma
! A full physical examination of the newborn, its weighing, measuring and processing of umbilical cord are made through the next period of time after childbirth
* 20 seconds
* 2 minutes
* 20 minutes
* +2 hours
* 2 days
! Breastfeeding of a newborn is conducted
* +When the newborn is ready to be fed
* When the mother is ready to feed
* 12 hours after birth
* At the request of the mother
* At the request of a doctor
! Providing temperature adaptation, maternal colonization microflora, early initiation of breastfeeding, psycho-emotional contact between mother and child, the formation of kinship allows to contact
* With other family members
* "Skin to skin" on the father's chest
* +"Skin to skin" on the mother's breast
* With a midwife, delivering a baby
* With a doctor, inspecting the newborn
! In the case of caesarean section provide thermal protection for the newborn home microflora colonization and establishment of family ties allows to contact
* +"Skin to skin" on the father's chest
* "Skin to skin" on the mother's breast
* With a midwife, delivering a baby
* "Skin to skin" to other family members
* With a doctor, inspecting the newborn
Physiology of fetus. Anatomical and physiological characteristics of a newborn.
! The duration of early neonatal period is
* 168 minutes
* +168 hours
* 168 days
* 168 weeks
* 168 months
! The duration of early neonatal period (days)
* 1
* 3
* 5
*+ 7
* 9
! The duration of the neonatal period (weeks)
* 1
* 2
* 3
* +4
* 5
! The duration of the neonatal period (days)
* 1
* 7
* 14
* +28
* 42
! The child from birth up to 4 weeks of life is called
* +Newborn
* Child
* Immature
* Fetus
* Mature
! Newborn’s normal body temperature is (° C)
* 34,0-34,4
* 34,5-35,4
* +36,5-37,5
* 37,6-38,0
* 38,1-38,5
! The respiratory rate per minute of a healthy newborn is
* 10-20
* 20-30
* +30-60
* 60-90
* 90-120
! The normal hemoglobin of a healthy newborn is (g / l)
* 63-112
* 113-132
* 133-182
* +183-232
* 233-282
! A group of newborn reflexes, reflecting the state of the facial, trigeminal, hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves
* Grasping plantar protective
* Crawling, support, automatic walk
* Asymmetrical neck-tonic, search
* +Search, sucking, hand-mouth-head
* hand-mouth-head, search, grasping
! A sign of the immaturity of a newborn is
* Dense bones of the skull
* The absence of grease
* +Soft ear and nasal cartilages
* Normal location of the umbilical ring
* Bloom only in the upper back, shoulders
! A sign of immaturity of a newborn is
* Dense bones of the skull
* The absence of grease
* Solid ear and nasal cartilages
* Body weight 2500.0 grams and more
* +Low position of the umbilical ring
!. Signs of preterm infants
* Hands of "washerwoman"
* Reduced skin turgor
* Scanty of vernix
* Dense bones of the skull, narrow joints and fontanel
* +Soft bones of the skull, wide joints
! Heart rate, respiratory activity, reflex irritability, muscle tone and color of the skin - this is the criteria of the scale.
* +Apgar
* Bishop
* Solovyov
* Michaelis
* Silverman
! The most constant and true sign of maturity is newborn’s
* weight
* +length
* Head circumference
* Abdominal circumference
* Chest circumference
! One sign of maturity is the full-term newborn’s
* Length of less than 47 cm
* Abdominal circumference
* Head circumference
* Chest circumference
* +Body weight of 2500 grams or more
! A sign of maturity of term infants are
* Length of a child less than 47 cm
* +Testicles descended into the scrotum
* Body weight less than 2500.0 grams
* Location of the umbilical ring is closer to the heart
* Soft bones of the skull, wide joints and springs
! A sign of maturity is the full-term newborns
* Length of a child less than 47 cm
* Body weight less than 2500.0 grams
* +Labia majora are covered with small
* Location of the umbilical ring is closer to the heart
* Soft bones of the skull, wide joints and springs
! Signs of genital crisis of newborn girls
* Malnutrition clitoris
* Hypertrichosis, hirsutism
* Hypertrophy of the clitoris, hirsutism
* Hypertrophy of the labia minora
* +Breast tenderness, bleeding from the genital tract.
! Signs of genital crisis of newborn boys
* Monorchism
* Hypospadias
* Hypertrichosis
* Cryptorchidism
* +Breast engorgement
! A sign of the extended stay of newborn is
* +Thick skull bones, narrow joints and springs
* Low position of the umbilical ring
* Lanugo on the back, shoulders, chest,
* Soft ear and nasal cartilages
* Abundance of grease
! A sign of the extended stay of newborn is
* Body weight more than 4000 grams
* Soft ear and nasal cartilages
* The length of the newborn, more than 47 cm
* Ample vernix on the body
* +Increasing the density of the skull bones, narrow joints and springs
! Clinical forms of weight loss of a newborn
* Acute and chronic
* Mild, moderate, severe
* Minimum, maximum
* +Physiological, pathological
* Compensated, decompensated
! Physiological weight loss relatively to the initial one at the time of birth is (%)
* 0-2
* +3-10
* 11-18
* 19-26
* 27-35
! Transient weight loss of newborns from the original mass is observed on the following day
* 12
* +3-4
* 5-6
* 7-8
* 9-10
!. The body weight of infants at birth is 3000.0 grams, on the 5th day of life - 2850.0 grams. Transient weight loss of a newborn is
* Border
* Pathological
* +Physiological
* Compensated
* Decompensated
! Physiological jaundice of a newborn is caused by
* Congenital hepatitis
* Hemolytic disease
* Rh-conflict pregnancy
* Mechanical blockage biliary tract
* +Reduction in the functional activity of hepatocytes
! Adaptation (border) states of the neonatal period is
* Weight loss of 10-15% to the original mass
* Hemolytic jaundice
* +Toxic erythema
* Vesicles-pustulosis
* conjunctivitis
! According to the "main clinical protocols and orders of the HM RK in obstetrics and neonatology" (2010), assessment of the newborn at birth is used to determine
* The availability of hypothermia
* +Further tactics
* Blood group and Rh factor
* Contraindications to vaccination
* Feasibility of breastfeeding
! Assessment of the newborn is done on the following time after birth
* 30 seconds
* 60 seconds
* after 15 minutes
* In 2 hours
* +Immediately
! Apgar score to determine the state
* +Newborn
* Puerperal
* Pregnant
* Mothers
* Fetus
!Caring for the health of newborns in the first 2 hours after birth is
* bathing
* weighing
* Processing of umbilical cord
* Measurement of body
* +Contact "skin to skin" on the mother's breast
Abnormal labor !Slow labor is more common among women with * Pre-labor discharge of amniotic fluid * Rh-negative blood factor * Low body mass index * +Macrosomia * pre-eclampsia !. Objective routine method for diagnosing abnormalities of labor * +partograph * Palpation of the uterus * ultrasonography * Auscultation of fetal heart * Doppler study ! On partograph the curve number I corresponds to the following type of labor
* normal labor * precipitate labor * Prolonged latent phase of labor * incoordinated uterine activity
* +Prolonged active phase of labor ! On the partograph the curve number II corresponds to the following form of labor
* false labor * precipitate labor * Prolonged latent phase of labor * incoordinated uterine activity
* +Prolonged active phase of labor
! The weakness of expulsive efforts is an indication for * +amniotomy * Induction of labor * Vacuum extraction (ventouse) of the fetus * Caesarean section operation * Dynamic observation of partograph
! Management at prolonged latent phase of a woman with intact fetal bladder * amniocentesis * cesarean section * Epidural anesthesia * induction of labor with oxytocin * +Amniotomy, augmentation with oxytocin
! In the partograph the curve number III corresponds to the following form of labor
* normal labor * precipitate labor * Prolonged active phase of labor
* +Prolonged latent phase of labor * incoordinated uterine activity
! The management at the case of the secondary weakness of labor among women with a satisfactory fetal * cesarean section * Epidural anesthesia * forceps * +intravenous induction administrat of oxytocin * Intravenous administration of oxytocin labor induction ! Regular monotonous labor pains happen every 6 minutes lasting 25 seconds within 2 hours are typical for * False labor * +Slow labor
* precipitate labor * Normal labor * Incoordinate uterine activity ! A secondary weakness of the 2nd stage of labor, a threatened condition of the fetus, fetal head is on the pelvic floor. The management is * cesarean section * induction with oxytocin * +forceps * induction with prostaglandins * Treatment of threatened fetus condition
! Strong uterine contraction with a frequency of more than one every 2 minutes, rapid cervical dilatation are features of * False labor * weak labor * precipitate labor * normal labor
*+ incoordinated uterine activity
! Irregular, painful, long uterine contractions and slow cervical dilatation are symptoms of * weak labor * precipitate labor * normal labor
* False labor * +incoordinated uterine activity
!One of the complications of induction is overdose of oxytocin, which can lead to * False labor * Persistent weakness of labor * Secondary weakness of labor * Untimely discharge of amniotic fluid *+ incoordinated uterine activity !. The management of precipitate labor is * cesarean section * Spinal anesthesia * +Introduction of tocolytics * Epidural anesthesia * Induction with oxytocin
! Contraindications for oxytocin infusion is * +cephalopelvic disproportion * pre-labor discharge of amniotic fluid * second stage of labor * normal size of pelvis * average size of fetus
! One of the contraindications for labor induction is * +Scar on the uterus after cesarean section corporal * pre-labor membrane rupture * Active phase and second stage of labor * Normal sizes pelvis * The average size of the fetus
! Labor induction is contraindicated in women with the following * +Increased sensitivity to oxytocin * Post-term pregnancy * pre-labor discharge of amniotic fluid * Chorioamnionitis * Preeclampsia
Physiology of postpartum period
! Postpartum period is divided into
* +Early and late
* Urgent, overdue
* Primary, secondary
* Acute, subacute, chronic
* Compensated, decompensated
!. The duration of early postpartum period is
* 24 seconds
*24 minutes
*+ 24 hours
*24 days
*24 weeks
! The duration of early postpartum period (hour) is
* 1
* 6
* 12
* +24
* 48
! The duration of post-partum period (weeks) is
* 2-3
* 4-5
* +6-8
* 9-11
* 12-13
! Postpartum period begins after the delivery of the placenta, and continues
* 6 years
* 6 months
* +6 weeks
* 6 nights
* 6 hours
! Uterus weight after childbirth is 1000 grams. As a result of the evolution at the end of the postnatal period it weighs
* 6
* +60
* 600
* 6000
! Physiological postpartum uterine involution corresponds to a decrease of the height of the uterine fundus a day (cm)
* 1
* +2
* 3
* 4
* 5
! When does the physiological involution of postpartum uterine cervical canal end with the formation of the next day?
* 2
* +10
* 20
* 30
* 42
! Physiological involution of the uterus after childbirth occurs due to
* Parity
* Agalactia
* Diet and hygiene puerperal
* Aseptic inflammation of the uterus
* +Uterine contractile activity
!. The discharge from the genital tract after delivery is called
* Beli
* blood
* +Lochia
* Exudate
* Transudate
! In physiological postpartum period the composition of lochia is
* Blood, urine, pus, fecal fragments
* Transudate, pus, mucus, fragments perimetry
* Whites, serous exudate, fragments of endometrial
* +Blood, mucus, muscle cells and fragments of decidua
* Mucus fragments of endocervical, stratified squamous epithelium
! During the physiological postpartum period in the uterus a special wound secret - lochia is formed, which in the first 3 days is called
* Lochia alba
* Lochia serosa
* +Lochia rubra
* Lochia albo-serosa
* Lochiarubro-serosa
! During the physiological postpartum period in the uterus a special wound secret - lochia is formed, which in the first 4-7 hours is called
* Lochia alba
* +Lochia serosa
* Lochiarubra
* Lochia albo-serosa
* Lochiarubro-serosa
!. During the physiological postpartum period in the uterus a special wound secret - lochia is formed, which on the 8th day is called
* Lochia alba
* Lochia serosa
* +Lochi arubra
* Lochia albo-serosa
* Lochiarubro-serosa
! In the case of physiological epithelization during puerperium the inner surface of the uterus, except placental site finishes on day
*+ 10
* 20
* 30
* 42
! In physiological postpartum period epithelialization of placental site ends on day
* 5
* 10
* 20
* 30
* +42
! When saline during the postnatal period uterine ligaments are restored by the end of the next week
* 1
* 2
* +3
* 4
* 5
! Postpartum lactation is influenced by
* LH
* FSH
* Oxytocin
* +Prolactin
* Vasopressin
! The intensified blood flow to the breast and its engorgement can be noted on the following day of postpartum period
* 12
* +3-4
* 5-6
* 7-8
* 9-10
! During physiological postpartum period mammary glands produce "mature breast milk" on day
* 12
* 3-4
* +5-6
* 7-8
* 9-10
! During physiological postpartum period mammary glands produce "colostrum" from the following day
* +1-2
* 3-4
* 5-6
* 7-8
* 9-10
! In physiological postpartum period mammary glands produce "transition milk" from the following day
* 1-2
* +3-4
* 5-6
* 7-8
* 9-10
Postpartum purulent-septic diseases
! Among postpartum diseases the purulent-septic complications are
* 1-2%;
* 3-4%;
* +4-6%;
* 7-9%;
* 10-12%
! The most common cause of postpartum septic diseases are
* Aerobes
* Anaerobes
* Association of viruses and chlamydia
* +Association of aerobes and anaerobes
* Association of protozoa and yeast
! According to Sazonov - Bartels classification one of the clinical forms of the first phase of the spread of postpartum septic infection is
* sepsis
* peritonitis
* parametritis
* +Postpartum ulcer
* Pelvioperitoniist
! According to Sazonov - Bartels classification one of the clinical forms of the second phase of the spread of postpartum septic infection is
* sepsis
* peritonitis
* parametritis
* Postpartum ulcer
* +Pelvioperitonitis
! According to Sazonov - Bartels classification one of the clinical forms of the third phase of the spread of postpartum septic infection is
* sepsis
*+peritonitis
* parametritis
* Postpartum ulcer
* Pelvioperitonitis
! According to Sazonov - Bartels classification one of the clinical forms of the fourth stage of the spread of postpartum septic infection is
* +sepsis
* peritonitis
* parametritis
* Postpartum ulcer
* Pelvioperitonitis
! The most common form of postpartum septic infection is
* mastitis
* peritonitis
* parametritis
* + Endometritis
* Pelvioperitonitis
! Puerperal on the 5th day after birth increased body temperature to 37,5oS, lower abdominal pain during labor - manual removal of placenta detainees are often, leukocytosis - 13,2h109 / l, leukocyte formula shift to the left, ESR - 45 mm / hour. The clinical picture corresponds to the following diagnosis
* salpingitis
* parametritis
* Pelvioperitonitis
* +Endometritis, severe
* Endometritis, a mild form
! puerperal on the 2nd day after birth increased body temperature to 39,0oS, abdominal pain, weakness, lochia with ihoroznym smell, tachycardia, chills, during labor - manual removal of placenta detainees are often, leukocytosis - 19,2h109 / l , leukocyte formula shift to the left, ESR - 50 mm / h. The clinical picture corresponds to the following diagnosis
* salpingitis
* parametritis
* Pelvioperitonitis
* Endometritis, severe
* +Endometritis, a mild form
! puerperal on the 2nd day after birth increased body temperature to 39,0o C, abdominal pain, weakness, lochia with ihoroznym smell, tachycardia, chills, during labor - manual removal of placenta detainees are often, leukocytosis - 15,2h109 / l, leukocyte formula shift to the left, ESR - 40 mm / h. Diagnosed with endometriosis, severe. Medical tactic
* Vitamin
* +Antibiotic
* Acupuncture
* hysterectomy
* Plazmotransfuzion
! The choice of antibiotic therapy among postpartum women with septic infection is carried out taking into account the
* Indicators of leukocytosis
* patient’s condition
* +Susceptibility
* Localization of inflammation
* The duration of the postpartum period
! In the case of postpartum endometritis non-pharmacological treatment includes
* Uterine massage
* Balanced diet
* Acupuncture
* +Local hypothermia
* UV exposure
! In the postpartum endometritis indication for curettage of the uterus is the presence of
* Hematometra
* Hematocolpos
* Subinvolution of uterus
* +Placental tissue residues
* Residues decidua
! To indicate puerperal sepsis, if the primary site of infection takes place, the following number of symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome is enough
* At least 1
* +At least 2
* At least 3
* At least 4
* At least 5
! For the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in addition to the more than 38°С of hyperthermia, tachycardia greater than 90 beats per 1 minute, 20 tachypnea more than 20 per 1 minute, leukocytosis more 12x〖10〗^9/ l, the following is also true
* +Hypothermia less than 36°С, leukopenia less 4.0x〖10〗^9/ l
* hypothermia with less than 36.6°С, leucopenia less 5.0x〖10〗^9/ l
* hypothermia with less than 36.6°С, leucopenia less 6.0x〖10〗^9/ l
* hyperthermia with 37°С, bradycardia less than 60 beats per 1 minute
* hyperthermia with 37.5°С, bradycardia less than 50 beats per 1 minute
! Obstetric peritonitis after cesarean section is most often caused by
* Vaginal hematoma
* +unstable suture on uterus
* unstable suture on vagina
* unstable suture on cervix
* unstable suture on perineum
! At the case of peritonitis after cesarean section the following must be done
* Hysteroscopy, drainage of the uterus
* Laparotomy, abdominal drainage
* Laparoscopy, abdominal drainage
* Laparotomy, amputation of the uterus, abdominal drainage
* +Laparotomy, hysterectomy, abdominal drainage
! The main role in the treatment of obstetric peritonitis is given to the next type of therapy
* +surgical
* symptomatic
* Physiotherapy
* Detoxification
* Immunomodulators
!. The most common cause of septic shock are
* Fungi of Candida
* Viruses, protozoa
* Anaerobic microorganisms
* +Gram-negative bacteria
* Gram-positive microorganisms
! Septic shock - suddenly emerging and progressive dysfunction of vital systems, arising from the crisis and microcirculation due macrocirculation
* Severe endometritis
* Massive bleeding
* Anaphylaxis medication
* Transfusion of incompatible blood
* +Exo-and endotoxins of microorganisms
! There are the following phases of septic shock development
* True, false
* Early, beginning, late
* +Warm, cold, irreversible shock
* Primary, secondary, metastatic
* Beginning, intermediate, terminal
! The most common cause of puerperal mastitis is
* Bacteroides spp.
* Escherichia coli
* Candida albicans
* +Staphilococcus aureus
* Streptococcus hemolyticus
! The patient on the 5th day after birth temperature increase to 38,0 ° C, bloating and tenderness of the right breast. Objectively, the right breast is uniformly increased in volume, painful, hyperemic skin, cracked nipples. The clinical picture corresponds to the following diagnosis
* +Serous mastitis
* Abscess, mastitis
* Infiltrative mastitis
* Abscessed mastitis
* Gangrenous mastitis
!At the case of serous mastitis the following treatment must be fulfilled
* Surgery
* +Antibacterial
* Suppression of lactation
* UV irradiation of a mammal gland
* Extracorporeal detoxification
! puerperal on the 10th day after birth raising the temperature to 39 ° C, chills, loss of appetite, poor sleep, pain in the right breast for 5 days, the doctor did not address. Objectively, the right breast is increased in volume, skin hyperemia, deep in the gland seal areas and fluctuations painful. The clinical picture corresponds to the following diagnosis
* Lactostasis
* Hypogalacty
* +Serous mastitis
* Purulent mastitis
* Infiltrative mastitis
! At the case of purulent mastitis the main treatment is
* +Surgery
* Antibacterial
* Suppression of lactation
* UV irradiation of a mammal gland
* Extracorporeal detoxification
Fetal hypoxia and asphyxia. Neonatal resuscitation.
! The most common cause of mortality in preterm infants
* Sepsis
* Pathological jaundice
* Haemorrhagic disease
* Congenital malformations
* +Respiratory distress syndrome
! According to the clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2010), synonymous with fetal hypoxia is the next state of the fetus
* critical
* +threatening
* injury
* satisfactory
* decompensated
! According to the clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2010), the inability of the newborn to start or maintain a normal spontaneous breathing after birth due to disorder of oxygenation during labor and childbirth is called
* apnea
* atrophy
* areflexia
* +asphyxia
* hypoxia ( threatening condition)
! Fetal asphyxia – is a consequence of disturbances in oxygenation during labor and delivery, which manifest the inability of the newborn to start or maintain a normal
* +spontaneous breathing
* arterial pressure
* urination
* palpitations
* pulse
! The birth of a child in asphyxia requires of immediate of the following measures
* +Reanimation
* Phototherapy
* Intensive Care
* Symptomatic therapy
* Primary toilet of newborn
!. Clinical diagnosis of fetal asphyxia is exposed in the next period
* Delivery
* Resuscitation
* Preresuscitation
* Immediately after birth
* +Postresuscitation
518. Classification of neonatal asphyxia
* Primary, secondary
* +Average, moderate, severe
* Acute, subacute , chronic
* True , false, questionable
* Compensated , decompensated
! A newborn spontaneous breathing is irregular or absent, heart rate >100 bpm (beats per minute), relatively good muscle tone, skin cyanotic – this is typical for neonatal asphyxia
* heavy
* acute
* chronic
* compensated
* +middle and moderate
! The purpose of neonatal resuscitation is recovery of adequate independent
* Pink skin and mucous
* Conditioned reflex and muscle tone
* Unconditioned reflex and photoreaction
* +Breathing and cardiac activity
* Urination and defecation
! Neonatal resuscitation is conducted on the basis
* assessment - action- decision
* decision- assessment -action
* +assessment - decision - action
* decision - action - assessment
* action - decision - assessment
! The main criterion for effectiveness of newborn’s intensive care is recovery of
* Muscle tone
* Reaction of pupils to light
* Diuresis and defecation
* Reflex excitability
* +Respiratory and circulatory
! The sequence of steps in algorithm of neonatal resuscitation is designated as follows:
* 1, 2, 3, 4
* А, Б, В, Г
* +А, B, C, D
* I, II, III, IV
* first, second, third, fourth
! The main objective of the initial steps of newborn resuscitation (Block А) – is to ensure
* correction of metabolic disorders
* airway, tactile stimulation
* +artificial respiration under positive pressure
* sophisticated ventilation and chest compressions
* drug correction of hemodynamic and metabolic disorders
! The main objective of the newborn intensive care unit Block «В» – is to ensure
* correction of metabolic disorders
* airway, tactile stimulation
*+ artificial respiration under positive pressure
* sophisticated ventilation and chest compressions
* drug correction of hemodynamic and metabolic disorders
! The main objective of the newborn intensive care unit Block «С» – is to ensure
* correction of metabolic disorders
* airway, tactile stimulation
* artificial respiration under positive pressure
* +sophisticated ventilation and chest compressions
* drug correction of hemodynamic and metabolic disorders
! The main objective of the newborn intensive care unit Block «D» – is to ensure
* correction of metabolic disorders
* airway, tactile stimulation
* artificial respiration under positive pressure
* sophisticated ventilation and chest compressions
* +drug correction of hemodynamic and metabolic disorders
! When resuscitation of newborn chest compressions are produced in the area of
* Xiphisternum
* The upper third of the sternum
* The middle third of the sternum
* +The lower third of the sternum
* Below the xiphoid process
Gynecology
The anatomy of the pelvic organs
! The body of the uterus is composed of the following layers
* Endosalpinx, myosalpinx, perisalpinx
* Endocervical, myocervical ,pericervical
*+ Endometrium, myometrium ,perimetry
* Mucosa , submucosa , muscle
* Endometrium , serous , mucous
! The outer layer of the uterus is called
* Parametrium
* Myometrium
* Endometrium
* +Perimeter
* The basement membrane
! The figure indicated as perimetrium is
* 1
* 2
*+ 3
* 4
* 5
! The muscle layer of the uterus is called
* Endometrium
* Parametrium
* Perimeter
* +Myometrium
* The basement membrane
! The figure indicated as myometrium is
* 1
* +2
* 3
* 4
* 5
! The inner layer of the uterus is called
* Parametrium
* Myometrium
* Perimeter
* +Endometrium
* The basement membrane
!. The figure indicated as endometrium is
* +1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
! Interstitial section of the fallopian tube is labeled
* +А
* B
* C
* D
* Е
! Isthmic section of the fallopian tube is labeled
* А
* +B
* C
* D
* Е
! Ampullar section of the fallopian tube is labeled
* А
* B
* +C
* D
* Е
! Fimbrial section of the fallopian tube is labeled
* А
* B
* C
* +D
* Е
! The vagina is lined with epithelium
* Single-layer flat
* Atypical complex
* +Multilayer flat
* Cylindrical, cubic
* Cylindrical, ciliated
! Vaginal part of the cervix is lined with epithelium
* Single-layer flat
* Atypical complex
* +Multilayer flat
* Cylindrical, cubic
* Cylindrical, ciliated
! The cervical canal is lined with epithelium
* Atypical
* +Cylindrical
* Atypical simple
* Single-layer flat
* Multilayer flat
! The inner surface of the uterus is lined with epithelium
* +Cylindrical
* Atypical simple
* Single-layer flat
* Atypical complex
* Multilayer flat
!The fallopian tube consists of the following layer
* Endometrium , serous , mucous
* +Mucosa, muscle, serous
* Endometrium, myometrium ,perimetry
* Mucosa, submucosa, muscle
* Endocervical, myocervical ,pericervical
! The mucous membrane of the fallopian tubes is lined with the following epithelium
* Single-layer flat
* Multilayer flat
* Cylindrical, cubic
* Atypical cylindrical
* +Ciliated cylindrical
! The right ovarian artery originates from
* internal iliac artery
* external iliac artery
* common iliac artery
* uterine artery
* +aorta
! The left ovarian artery originates from
* internal iliac artery
* external iliac artery
* common iliac artery
* abdominal aorta
* +renal artery
! Uterine artery originates from
* ovarian artery
* abdominal aorta
* common iliac artery
* external iliac artery
* +internal iliac artery
! Vaginal artery originates from
* +uterine artery
* ovarian artery
* abdominal aorta
* common iliac artery
* internal iliac artery
! Number 5 in the picture indicates the next bunch
* lig. teres
* +lig. latum uteri
* lig. sacrouterinum
* lig. ovariiproprium
* lig. infundibulopelvicum
! Number 4 in the picture indicates the next bunch
* +lig. teres
* lig. latum
* lig. sacrouterinum
* lig. ovariiproprium
* lig. infundibulopelvicum
! Number 2 in the picture indicates the next bunch
* lig. teres
* lig. latum
* lig. ovariiproprium
* +lig. sacrouterinum
* lig. infundibulopelvicum
! Number 1 in the picture indicates the next bunch
* lig. teres
* lig. latum
* lig. sacrouterinum
* +lig. ovariiproprium
* lig. infundibulopelvicum
! Pelvic organs that have no visceral peritoneum
* The front surface of the uterus
* The rear surface of the uterus
* The fallopian tubes
* Bladder
* +Ovaries
! The main role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle belongs to the following system
* Hypophyseal
* Hypothalamic
* Hypothalamic-pituitary
* +Hypothalamic -pituitary- ovarian
* Hypothalamic -pituitary- ovarian - uterine
! In the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in the ovary mainly produces the following hormone
*+estradiol
* testosterone
* progesterone
* luteinizing
* follicle
! Maturation and development of the corpus luteum of the ovary is under the predominant influence of gonadotropin
* prolactin
* thyroid stimulating hormone
* +luteinizing
* adrenocorticotropic hormone
* follicle
! In the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in the ovary mainly produces the hormone
*estradiol
* testosterone
* +progesterone
* luteinizing
* follicle
! Follicular phase of ovarian cycle corresponds to the next phase of the cycle of uterus
* Secretion
* Regeneration
* Desquamation
* +Proliferation
* Decidualization
! Lutein phase of ovarian cycle corresponds to the next phase of the cycle of uterus
* +Secretion
* Regeneration
* Desquamation
* Proliferation
* Decidualization
! The average volume of menstrual blood is normal (ml)
* 10-25
* +30-50
* 70-90
* 110-130
* 140- 160
Acute abdomen in gynecology
! Fallopian gestation more often is terminated in the stages of pregnancy (weeks)
* 3-4
* 5-6
* +7-8
* 9-10
* 11-12
! Fallopian gestation is characterized by following morphological changes of the endometrium
* Cystic glandular hyperplasia
* +Decidual transformation
* Chorionic villae
* Proliferation
* Atrophy
! Diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy is proved by following histological report of macroscopic specimen examination
* Atrophy
* Proliferation
* +Chorionic villae
* Decidual transformation
* Cystic glandular hyperplasia
! The most informative method of diagnostics of progressive fallopian pregnancy is
* +laparoscopy
* hysteroscopy
* finding the human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in urine
* aspiration biopsy of the endometrium
* puncture of abdominal cavity over the posterior vaginal fornix
! The volume of surgical intervention in case of progressive fallopian pregnancy
* ovariotomy
* adnexectomy
* +salpingotomy
* salpingectomy
* hysterectomy
! A woman of 29 years old has a lower abdominal pain in the rectum, spotting bloody discharge, delay of menstruation to 2 weeks. Per vaginum: uterus soft, increased, there is a «dough» consistency tumour on the right side, painfull, posterior fornix of vagina is swelling, painfull. Clinical finding matches to following diagnosis
* Torsion of ovarian cyst pedicle
* +Ectopic pregnancy
* Rupture of ovarian cyst
* Ovarian apoplexy
* Acute adnexitis
! During salpingotomy following anatomical structures are crossed
* Infundibulo-pelvic ligament and round ligament of uterus
* +Pars uterinatubaeuterinae, mesosalpinx
* Infundibulo-pelvic ligament, mesosalpinx
* Ovarian ligament, mesosalpinx
* Round ligament of uterus, ovarian ligament
! Additional methods of diagnostics of an ectopic pregnancy
* Hysteroscopy, colposcopy, cystoscopy
* Colposcopy, cytological analysis of smear
* Metrosalpingography, pelviography, uterus scintigraphy
* +Puncture of abdominal cavity over the posterior vaginal fornix, ultrasonography
* Bacterioscopic and bacteriological test of the cervix’s secret
! A woman of 29 years old with delay of menstruation and positive pregnancy test has a bloody discharge. Per vaginum: external orifice of uterus is slightly open, uterus soft, increased to 8 weeks of pregnancy, appendages aren’t determined. Clinical finding matches to following pathology
* Aborted tubal pregnancy
* Exacerbation of inflammatory process of uterine appendages
* +Uterine pregnancy, inevitable abortion
* Progressive fallopian pregnancy
* Ovarian apoplexy
! The following volume of surgical intervention is preferred for patient of reproductive age in case of gynecological peritonitis
* Sanation and draining of an abdominal cavity
* Supravaginal hysterectomy with the fallopian tubes
* Supravaginal hysterectomy with uterine appendages
* +Total hysterectomy with the fallopian tubes, sanation and draining of an abdominal cavity
* Total hysterectomy with the uterine appendages, sanation and draining of an abdominal cavity
! Dark blood of 150 ml, cyanotic left tube, thickened in a isthmic section 2,0* 2,5* 1,5 cm, which integrity is preserved, dripping blood from the ampullar section in the diagnostic laparoscopy of an abdominal cavity of 25 years old female patient. Future tactics
* Left-sided salpingectomy
* Left-sided adnexectomy
* Draining of an abdominal cavity
*+ Left-sided salpingectomy, removing the ovum
* Extruding and removing the ovum from the ampullar section
! A woman of 23 years old presenting from the women's medical clinic to the department of emergency gynecology with possible ectopic pregnancy. Future tactics
* Uterine probing
* Elective laparotomy, salpingectomy
* Dynamic observation in ICU (intensive care unit) of a hospital
* +Emergency diagnostic laparoscopy
* Curettage with a histological study of the scrape
! Typical volume of surgical intervention in case of cervical pregnancy
* adnexectomy
* amputation of the uterus
* defundation of the uterus
* +hysterectomy
* curettage of the cervix
! Classification of the ovarian apoplexy depending on the clinical forms
* mild, moderate, severe
* acute, subacute, chronic
* +anemic, painful, mixed
* primary, secondary, recurrent
* central, peripheral, recurrent
! Characteristic signs of the ovarian apoplexy
* delay of menstruation, nausea, vomiting, positive pregnancy test
* spasmodic pain, delay of menstruation, signs of internal hemorrhage
* sharp pain, abdominal swelling, nausea, vomiting, hyperthermia without delay of menstruation
* +sharp pain, signs of internal hemorrhage in the middle of menstrual period
* sharp pain, abdominal swelling, intoxication in first phase of menstrual period
! The volume of surgical intervention in case of anemic form of the ovarian apoplexy
* drilling
* vaporization
*ovariotomy
* wedge resection
*+sutureorcoagulation
!A woman of 25 years old on the 15th day of menstrual period after sexual intercourse has sharp lower abdominal pain in the rectum. Per vaginum: the uterus is not increased, right-sided appendages area is painful, posterior fornix of vagina flattened, painful. Clinical finding matches to following pathology
* Torsion of ovarian cyst pedicle
* Ectopic pregnancy
* Rupture of ovarian cyst
* +Ovarian apoplexy
* Acute adnexitis
! The volume of surgical intervention in case of the ovarian apoplexy
* Salpingectomy
* Cystectomy
* Ovariotomy
* Adnexectomy
* +Sutureorcoagulationof ovary
!. Found after the macroscopic examination papillary excrescence on the internal surface of capsule of ovary tumor indicates the probability of following pathology
* Ovarian cyst
* Ovarian fibroma
* Dermoid cyst
* +Papillarycystoma
* Simpleserouscystoma
! A woman of 28 years old was operated by laparoscopy about intra-abdominal hemorrhage, identified rupture of right-sided ovarian cyst. The volume of surgical intervention
* Cystectomy
* Adnexectomy
* Ovariotomy
* Ovary drillling
* +Removing capsule of ovarian cyst
! A woman of 35 years old has a bilateral pyosalpinx in the diagnostic laparoscopy. Future tactics
* Stomatoplastics at both sides, draining of an abdominal cavity
* Supravaginal hysterectomy with the fallopian tubes
* Total hysterectomy with the uterine appendages
* +Salpingectomy at both sides
* Removing both appendages
! There is an grayishwhite, tuberous, inhomogeneous, 5,0Ч6,0Ч7,0 sm sized ovary tumour on the macroscopic examination. On the cut - the internal surface of capsule is smooth, it contains – hair, teeth, fat. Macroscopic picture matches to the following diagnosis
* Endometrioidcyst of ovary
* Papillary cystoma
* +Dermoid cyst
* Ovarian fibroma
* Simple cystoma
! Set volume of inquiry of patients with ovary tumour before elective surgery includes
* Pelviography
* Pneumoperitoneum
* Cervix-, hysterography
* Uterosalpingography
* +X-ray of the stomach
! During of diagnostic laparoscopy of female of 25 years old polycystic ovaries was found. Future surgicaltactics
* +Ovary drilling
* Ovary removing
* Ovary puncture
* Adnexectomy
* Cystectomy
!Anatomical pedicle of ovary tumour included
* Ovarian ligament, infundibular-pelvic ligament
* Infundibular-pelvic ligament, mesovarium, uterine tube
* Ovarian ligament, mesovarium, uterine tube
* +Ovarian ligament, infundibular-pelvic ligament, mesovarium
* Ovarian ligament and mesovarium, infundibular-pelvic ligament, uterine tube
! Surgical pedicle of ovary tumour included
* Ovarian ligament, infundibular-pelvic ligament
* Infundibular-pelvic ligament, mesovarium, uterine tube
* Ovarian ligament, mesovarium, uterine tube
* Ovarian ligament, infundibular-pelvic ligament, mesovarium
* +Ovarian ligament and mesovarium, infundibular-pelvic ligament, uterine tube
! The patient is 37 years old. She has sudden pain on the 8th day of the menstrual cycle with bloating, hyperthermia 37,8˚C; tachycardia. Her tongue is dry. A symptom of Shchetkin- Blumberg is positive. The vaginal examination of the uterus is not enlarged, on the right side is tight-extensible mass, a painful and slow-moving, size 11,0x12,0x13,0. The clinical picture is a pathology
*Acute pancreatitis
*Ovarian apoplexy
* Ectopic pregnancy
*+Torsion the pedicle's of ovarian cyst
* Perforation of tuboovarian abscess
! «Acute abdomen» in gynecology because of inflammatory process in pelvic commonly occurs when
* Ovarian apoplexy
* Acute appendicitis
* Ectopic pregnancy
* Torsion the pedicle's of ovarian cyst
* +Perforation of tuboovarian abscess
! It is a characteristic symptom for the submucosal fibroids
* Amenorrhea
* Dyspareunia
* Abundant leucorrhoea
*+ Hyperpolymenorrhea
* Contact spotting
! The internal endometriosis applies is:
* Peritoneum, ampullar and isthmic sections of the fallopian tubes
* +Uterine and interstitial sections of the fallopian tubes
* Cervix, retrocervical
* Cervix, uterine, ovary
* The intestine, the ureters
! The most frequent localization of external genital endometriosis
* uterine, fallopian tubes
* fallopian tubes
* the intestine, umbilicus
* cervix
* +ovary
Menstrual disorders.
! Opsomenorrhea – is menstrual disorder characterized by the following changes in menstruation
*more frequent periodicity
* +slowing periodicity
* Increased bleeding duration
* Compression bleeding duration
* reducing the amount of lost blood
! Epimenorrhea - is menstrual disorder characterized by the following changes in menstruation
*+More frequent periodicity
* Slowing periodicity
*Duration of increased bleeding
* Compression bleeding duration
* reducing the amount of lost blood
! Polymenorrhea - is menstrual disorder characterized by the following changes in menstruation
*more frequent periodicity
* slowing periodicity
* +Increased bleeding duration
* Compression bleeding duration
* reducing the amount of lost blood
!. Oligomenorrhea - is menstrual disorder characterized by the following changes in menstruation
*more frequent periodicity
* slowing periodicity
* Increased bleeding duration
* +Compression bleeding duration
* reducing the amount of lost blood
! Hypomenorrhea - is menstrual disorder characterized by the following changes in menstruation
*more frequent periodicity
* slowing periodicity
* Increased bleeding duration
* Compression bleeding duration
*+ reducing the amount of lost blood
! Hypermenorrhea - is menstrual disorder characterized by the following changes in menstruation
*more frequent periodicity
* slowing periodicity
* Increased bleeding duration
* Compression bleeding duration
* +reducing the amount of lost blood
! Oligoopsomenorrhea - is menstrual disorder characterized by the following changes in menstruation
*+short and sparse allocation of blood
* short and scarce allocation of blood
* abundant and short allocation of blood
* rare and painful allocation of blood
* painful and plentiful
! Algodismenorrhea - is menstrual disorder when menstruations correspond to the next parameter
* few
* short
* delayed
* abundant
* +painful
! Hyperpolymenorrhea - is menstrual disorder characterized by the following changes in menstruation
* Scarce and short
* Abundant and short
* Painful and plentiful
* +Abundant and long
* Painful and scanty
! Hypomenstrual syndrome – is menstrual disorder characterized by the following changes in menstruation
* +Short, rare and scarce
* Short, frequent and scanty
* Short, rare and abundant
* Short, frequent and abundant
* Long, frequent and scarce
!. Pathogenesis of dysfunctional metrorrhagia due to the disorder of the frequency allocation
* +FSH and luteinizing hormone
* FSH and TSH
* Luteinizing hormone and ACTH
* Luteinizing hormone and prolactin
* FSH and prolactin
!. Lack of ovulation at dysfunctional metrorrhagia due to the disorder of the cyclic products of the gonadotrop(h)in, especially
* +Luteinizing hormone
* FSH
* TSH
* ACTH
* Prolactin
! Dysfunctional uterine bleeding on pathogenesis are divided into
* Primary, secondary
* Cyclic, acyclic
*+ Ovulatory, anovulatory
* Acute, subacute, chronic
* Juvenile, reproductive, menopausal
! Classification of ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding on pathogenesis
* Primary, secondary
* Cyclic, acyclic
* Gipoestrogeniya, hyperandrogenism
* Juvenile, reproductive, menopausal
* +Gipolyuteinizm, giperlyuteinizm, shortened follicular phase
! Presented schedule in the picture of basal temperature corresponds to the following form of the menstrual cycle
* gipolyuteinizm
* giperlyuteinizm
* Follicle atresia
* +physiological
* Persistence follicle
! Presented schedule in the picture of basal temperature corresponds to the following form of the menstrual cycle
* Persistence follicle
* Extension of the luteal phase
* +Shortening of the luteal phase
* Lengthening of the follicular phase
* Shortening of the follicular phase
! Presented schedule in the picture of basal temperature corresponds to the following form of the menstrual cycle
* hypolyuteinizm
* +hyperlyuteinizmu
* Follicle atresia
* physiological
* Persistence follicle
! Presented schedule in the picture of basal temperature corresponds to the following form of the menstrual cycle
* hypolyuteinizm
* hyperlyuteinizmu
* Follicle atresia
* Persistence follicle
* +Shortening of the follicular phase
! At persistence follicle is noted
* hyperandrogenism
* hyperandrogenism
* hypoestrogeniya
* normoandrogenemiya
*+ hyperestrogenemia
! Presented schedule in the picture of basal temperature corresponds to the following form of the menstrual cycle
* hypolyuteinizm
* hyperlyuteinizm
* Follicle atresia
* +Persistence follicle
* Shortening of the follicular phase
! Presented schedule in the picture of basal temperature corresponds to the following form of the menstrual cycle
* hypolyuteinizm
* hyperlyuteinizmu
* +Follicle atresia
* physiological
* Persistence follicle
! In juvenile bleeding treatment begins with
* diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial ablation
* Hemostatic therapy and cyclic vitamin therapy
* Hormonal hemostasis and regulating hormone
* +Uterotonic, hemostatic and antianemic therapy
* Separate diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal and the uterine cavity
!. If there is no effect of symptomatic treatment of juvenile bleeding, one of the following must be fulfilled
* Surgical hemostasis
* +Hormonal hemostasis
* Cyclic vitamin therapy
* Diagnostic hysteroscopy
* Regulating hormone
! If there is no effect of symptomatic therapy and hormonal hemostasis of juvenile bleeding, one of the following must be fulfilled
* +Surgical hemostasis
* Hormonal hemostasis
* Cyclic vitamin therapy
* Diagnostic hysteroscopy
* Regulating hormone
! The patient is 26 years old with dysfunctional uterine bleeding in reproductive age, for the purpose of hemostasis the following must be fulfilled
* Hormonal hemostasis
* Hemostatic Therapy
* Uterotonic therapy
* Cyclical vitamin
* +Diagnostic curettage
! At bleeding in reproductive and menopausal doing histological study of the scraping from the uterine cavity is mandatory to exclude
* adenomyosis
* endometriosis
* Uterine fibroids
* Uterine sarcoma
* +Endometrial cancer
! At menopausal bleeding treatment begins with
* Uterotonic and hemostatic therapy
* Diagnosticheskoygisteroskopii and endometrial ablation
* Hemostatic therapy and cyclic vitamin therapy
* Hormonal hemostasis and regulating hormone
* +Separate diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal and the uterine cavity
!. The patient is 47 years, she has abundant bleeding from the genital tract after a delay of menstruation for 3 months. In mirrors cervix is clean, discharge is bloody. At vaginal study of uterus and appendages are normal. The clinic corresponds the following pathology
* +Dysfunctional uterine bleeding menopause
* Dysfunctional uterine bleeding reproductive period
* Home spontaneous miscarriage
* Submucous uterine fibroids
* Adenomyosis
! Climacteric syndrome includes changes developing in the female body, on the background of the progressive
* Excess of estrogen
* Excess of androgens
* Deficit of prolactin
* Deficiency of androgens
* +Estrogen deficiency
! By clinical pathological forms, the primary, the true amenorrhea of ovarian genesis is referred syndrome of
* Sheehan
* Simmonds
* Cushing
* Chiari-Frommelya
* +Turner
! A typical form of gonadal dysgenesis, accompanied by the primary, true, ovarian amenorrhea due to chromosomal aberrations, is called syndrome of
* Sheehan
* Simmonds
* Stein-Leventhal
* Laurence-Moon-Biedl
* +Turner
!. One of the clinical forms of pathological, secondary, true, pituitary amenorrhea is a syndrome of
* +Sheehan
* Morris
* Stein-Leventhal
* Laurence-Moon-Biedl
* Turner
! Postpartum hypopituitarism manifesting by pathological, secondary, true, pituitary amenorrhea after a massive obstetric bleeding, is called syndrome of
* +Sheehan
* Morris
* Stein-Leventhal
* Laurence-Moon-Biedl
* Turner
Non-specific inflammation
!. The normal vaginal flora consists mainly of
* Candido
* gardnerella
* Trichomonas
* Escherichia coli
* +Chopsticks Dederleyna
!. For vulvovaginal is characterized
* Serous whites, pale vulva
* Fever, abdominal pain
* Abstsedirovanie, chills, pain in the perineum
* +Edema and hyperemia of the vulva, purulent leucorrhea
* Edema and hyperemia of the middle third of the labia
! At the formed purulent inflammation formation of the uterus the following tactics is recommended
* formation puncture through the posterior vaginal vault
* Lymphogenous antibiotics
* +surgery
* conservative treatment
* physiotherapy
Specific inflammations
!The diagnosis of "fresh" trichomoniasis is exhibited when disease duration less than
* 2 years
* 2 days
* 2 hours
* 2 weeks
* +2 months
!. The criterion of cured patients with trichomoniasis is a negative result of tuberculosis microscopy smear from the vagina which is obtained at intervals of 1 month for the next number of menstrual cycles
* 1
* 2
*+ 3
* 4
* 5
! The standard method of diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis is
* clinical
* Vaginoscopy
* Culture method
* +bacterioscopy
* colpocytology
! Specific prevention of tuberculosis of female genital mutilation is
* +vaccination
* The use of contraception
* Surgical removal of lesions in the lungs
* Clinical examination of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
* Sanatorium rehabilitation of pulmonary tuberculosis
Neuroendocrine syndrome in gynecology
!. The main symptom in the neuroendocrine syndromes is
* hemorrhagic, hypovolemic, anemic
* exudative-catarrhal, infiltrative, suppurative
* psycho-neurotic, asthenic, hypomenstrual
* hypomenstrual, asthenia, genital infantilism
* +Neuro-psychic, vegetative-vascular, endocrine and metabolic
! One of the major risk factors for neuroendocrine syndromes is
* +stress
* High parity
* Use of COCs
* Ionizing radiation
* Salts of heavy metals poisoning
! One of the following neuroendocrine syndromes is a Syndrome of
* diencephalic
* Cushing
* +Premenstrual
* Turner
* ovarian hyperstimulation
! One of the following neuroendocrine syndromes is a Syndrome of
* diencephalic
* Cushing
* +climacteric
* Turner
* ovarian hyperstimulation
!. One of neuroendocrine syndromes is the next syndrome of
* diencephalic
* Cushing
* Turner
* +Polycystic ovary
* ovarian hyperstimulation
! One of the neuroendocrine syndromes is the next syndrome of
* Diencephalic
* Cushing
* +Chiari-Frommel
* Turner
* Ovarian hyperstimulation
!. Clinical classification of the adrenogenital syndrome
* True, false
* Mild, moderate, severe
* Innate, postnatal, post-pubertal
* Neurodevelopmental, swelling, cephalgic
* + Compensated, Subcompensated, Decompensated
! One of the non-drug therapies is a neuroendocrine syndrome
* +physiotherapy
* Girudoterapy
* surgical
* Combined
* Combined radiation
! If physical therapy of neuroendocrine syndromes the following is most commonly used.
* cryotherapy
* Girudoterapy
* UFO nasopharynx
* Paraffin
* +Shcherbak's Collar
! Classification of premenstrual syndrome depends on the stage
* Light, heavy
* True, false
* Primary, secondary
* Neurodevelopmental, swelling, cephalgic
* +Compensated, subcompensated, decompensated
!Classification of premenstrual syndrome depends on the prevalence of various clinical symptoms
* Light, heavy
* True, false
* Primary, secondary
* +Neurodevelopmental, swelling, cephalgic
* Compensated, subcompensated, asthma
! Classification of premenstrual syndrome depends on the severity of symptoms
*+ Light, heavy
* True, false
* Primary, secondary
* Neurodevelopmental, swelling, cephalgic/
* Compensated, subcompensated, asthma
! Cephalgic form of premenstrual syndrome is characterized by
* Irritability, depression
* Swelling of the face, lower limbs
* Feeling of pressure in the chest, the fear of death
* +Severe headache, irritability
* Increased blood pressure, tachycardia
! The patient of 29 years old on the day before menstruation feels irritability, nervousness, insomnia, loss of efficiency. This corresponds to the following clinical syndrome
* Metabolic
* Climacteric
* Post-castration
* Adrenogenital
* +Premenstrual
! Menopause - age is a transitional stage between the following stages of a woman's life
* Prepubertal adolescence
* Pubertal and reproductive age
* Infancy and prepubertal
* +Reproductive and durable cessation of ovarian function
* Reproductive and temporary cessation of ovarian function
! One of the main features of the climacteric syndrome are
* +Tides
* drowsiness
* lack of appetite
* Increased libido
* Weight loss
! In mild climacteric syndrome the frequency of hot flushes per day up to
* +10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
! At an average form of climacteric syndrome frequency of hot flushes per day is up to
* 10
* +20
*30
* 40
* 50
! In severe climacteric syndrome frequency of hot flushes per day is over
* 10
* +20
* 30
* 40
* 50
! The most common symptoms of autonomic form of climacteric syndrome is
* Joint pain, osteoporosis
* Stress, urinary incontinence
* +Hypertension, headache
* Burning, itching when urinating
* Stress incontinence
! Classification of menopausal syndrome depends on the degree of severity of the symptoms
* +Primary, secondary
* Light, medium, heavy
* Typical, Combined (complicated)
* Neurodevelopmental, swelling, cephalgic
* Compensated, subcompensated, asthma
! Classification of menopausal symptoms, depends on the presence or absence of comorbidities
* Light, heavy
* True, false
* +Typical, Combined (complicated)
* Neurodevelopmental, swelling, cephalgic
* Compensated, subcompensated, asthma
! The differential diagnosis is carried out with the climacteric syndrome
* renal colic
* diabetes
* glomerulonephritis
* asthma
* +Coronary heart disease
! The patient of 52 years old has a menopause. The following form of pathogenetic therapy is recommended
* Physiotherapy
* +Hormone Replacement Therapy
* Agonists of gonadotropini-releasing hormone
* Combined oral contraceptives
* Progestin oral contraceptives
!. The post-castration syndrome occurs as a result of simultaneous shutdown of the ovaries in women
* Juvenile
* Infant
* +Reproductive
* Climacteric
* Premenopausal
!Cause of postcastration syndrome is
* Hysterectomy without appendages
* One-sided cystectomy
* Bilateral tubectomy
* +Bilateral oophorectomy
* Unilateral oophorectomy
! The patient of 41 after hysterectomy with appendages had "tides", feeling the heat more than 20 times a day, sweating, has palpitations, irritability, nervousness, insomnia, loss of efficiency. This corresponds to the following clinic syndrome
* Metabolic
* Climacteric
* Adrenogenital
* Premenstrual
* +Post-castration
! Chiary-Frommel syndrome is defined as symptom of
* +Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, atrophy of reproductive organs
* Amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, hypertrophy of the genitalia
* Amenorrhea, agalactia, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardy
* Hyperpolymenory, galactorrhoea, atrophy of reproductive organs
* Pseudohermaphroditism, hirsutism, deepening of voice, acne
! Adrenogenital syndrome is characterized by the development of virilization due to pathology of
* Ovaries
* Pituitary
* +Adrenal
* thyroid gland
* Parathyroid glands
! The main manifestation of the adrenogenital syndrome is
* +Virilization
* Feminization
* high voice
* Hyperpolymenory
* Male genotype
! Clinical classification of adrenogenital syndrome
* True, false
* Mild, moderate, severe
* +Innate, postnatal, post-pubertal
* Neurodevelopmental, swelling, cephalgic
* Compensated, subcompensated, asthma
! Adrenogenital syndrome is defined as a symptom of
* Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, atrophy of reproductive organs
* Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hypertrophy of the genitalia
* Amenorrhea, agalactia, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia
* Hyperpolymenory, galactorrhea, atrophy of reproductive organs
* +Pseudohermaphroditism, hirsutism, deepening of voice, acne
Malformations
! The development of Müllerian ducts in the embryo / fetus begins in the next stages of pregnancy (weeks)
*+5
*15
* 25
* 35
* 40
! Formation of Müllerian ducts in the embryo / fetus ends at an following pregnancy (weeks)
* 5
* 10
* +20
* thirty
* 40
! One of the main complaints of the girls over the age of 16 years with a syndrome of Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser-Kyustner's is the lack of
* cables
* thelarche
* pubarhe
* +menarche
* axillarhe
! Surgery Syndrome Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser-Kyustner's aimed at
* uterus
* ovaries
* +vagina
* cervix
* Fallopian tubes
! False amenorrhea due to gynatrezia shows
* excision of the hymen
* Coagulation hymen
* +cut hymen
* bougienage hymen
* vaginal probe
! False amenorrhea due to cervical atresia, shows
* excision of the cervix
* vaginal probe
* cervical dissection
* coagulation of the cervical canal
* +sensing and probing the cervical canal
!. Congenital malformations of the sexual organs are most often combined with malformations of
* Small intestine
* Colon
* +Urinary tract
* Osteochondral system
* Derivatives of the neural tube
Contraception. Barren marriage
! Blockade of ovulation by inhibition of secretion of releasing factors LH and FSH - this is the main mechanism of action of these contraceptive
* Intrauterine
* Barrier methods
* Progestin
* +Combined oral
* Lactational amenorrhea method
!. Endometrial traumatisation with release of prostaglandins, increased tone of the myometrium, increased peristalsis of the fallopian tubes - a mechanism of action of these contraceptive
* +Intrauterine
* Barrier methods
* Progestin
* Combined oral
* Lactational amenorrhea method
! Preventing the sperm in the female genital tract - a mechanism of action of these contraceptive
* +Barrier
* Intrauterine
* Progestin
* Combined oral
* Lactational amenorrhea method
! Physiological suppression of ovulation by increasing prolactin secretion and decrease anterior pituitary secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone - is the mechanism of action of the following methods of contraception
* Barrier
* Intrauterine
* +Lactation amenorrhea
* Progestin-only contraceptives
* Combined oral contraceptives
! One of the mechanisms of action of intrauterine contraception - is
* Suppressing ovulation
* Tubal ligation
* Increasing the acidity of the vagina
* +Strengthening contractions uterus and fallopian tubes
* Preventing the sperm in the female genital tract
!The mechanism of action of combined oral contraceptives - is
* +Suppressing ovulation
* Increasing the acidity of the vagina
* Inactivation and destruction of sperm
* Strengthening contractions uterus and fallopian tubes
* Preventing the sperm in the female genital tract
! The mechanism of action of combined oral contraceptives - is
* Suppressing ovulation
* Increasing the acidity of the vagina
* +Inactivation and destruction sperm
* Strengthening contractions uterus and fallopian tubes
* Preventing the sperm in the female genital tract
! Barren marriage is a marriage in which a woman of reproductive age does not become pregnant, provided regular sexual intercourse without contraception for
*12 years
*12 days
*12 hours
*12 weeks
*+12 months
!The frequency of infertile marriages
* 5-10%
* +15-20%
* 25-30%
* 35-40%
* 45-50%
! Classification of infertility in marriage according to the culpability of the spouses
* Primary, secondary
* Absolute, relative
* Innate, acquired
* +Women, men, combined
* Tuboperitoneal, endocrine, royal, immunological
! Classification of female infertility, depends on the presence / absence of an episode in the history of pregnancy
* +Primary, secondary
* Absolute, relative
* Innate, acquired
* Women, men, combined
* Tuboperitoneal, endocrine, royal, immunological
! Classification of female infertility, depends on the presence / absence of the possibility of getting pregnant naturally
* Primary, secondary
* +Absolute, relative
* Innate, acquired
* Women, men, combined
* Tuboperitoneal, endocrine, royal, immunological
! Classification of female infertility, depends on the presence / absence of hereditary disorders
* primary, secondary
* Absolute, relative
* +innate, acquired
* women, men, mutual
* tuboperitoneal, endocrine, royal, immunological
! The classification of the clinical forms of female infertility, depends on the pathogenesis
* Primary, secondary
* Absolute, relative
* Innate, acquired
* Women, men, mutual
* +Tuboperitoneal, endocrine, royal, immunological
! Тuboperitoneal infertility may be due to
* +Adhesive disease
* Endometrial polyposis
* Polycystic ovaries
* Endometrial hyperplasia
* Internal endometriosis
! In order to clarify tuboperitoneal infertility the most informative study is
* Hydrotubation
* Hysterosalpingography
* Transvaginal sonography
* Cymographyc pertubasy
*+ Laparoscopy with сhromosalpingosсopy
! One of the indications for IVF is
* The absence of the uterus
* The absence of ovaries
* The absence of the vagina
* The absence of the cervix
* +The absence of fallopian tubes
! One of the indications for IVF is
* The absence of the uterus
* +Tubal infertility
* The absence of ovaries
* The absence of the vagina
* The absence of the cervix
! One of the clinical forms of endocrine infertility is
* Adhesive disease
* Endometrial polyposis
* +Polycystic ovaries
* Endometrial hyperplasia
* Internal endometriosis
! One of the clinical forms of endocrine infertility is
* Adhesive disease
* Endometrial polyposis
* +Hyperprolactinemia
* Endometrial hyperplasia
* Internal endometriosis
!Endocrine infertility is usually associated with
* +Violation of ovulation
* Chromosomal abnormalities
* Endometriosis
* Obstruction of the fallopian tubes
* The appearance of sperm antibodies
! The patient of 30 years is infertile, menstrual disorders are in the form of delays of 2-3 months in 7 years. Objectively, the phenotype is female, the vulva was normal. Vaginal examination of the uterus is small of the norm, in the appendages there are mass of tight dimensions 3,0 × 4,0 × 4,5 cm, mobile, painless. Basal temperature is monophasic. Husband's spermogram is normal. The clinical picture corresponds to the following genesis of infertility
* Trumpet
* Uterine
* Psychogenic
* +Endocrine
* Peritoneal
! One of the clinical variants of female infertility is absolute
* Adenomyosis
* +The absence of the uterus
* The absence of the ovary
* Hyperprolactinemia
* Polycystic ovaries
! One of the clinical variants of female infertility is absolute
* Adenomyosis
* Hyperprolactinemia
* Polycystic ovaries
* The absence of one ovary
* +Testicular feminization
! One of the clinical variants of female infertility is absolute
* Adenomyosis
* Hyperprolactinemia
* Polycystic ovaries
* The absence of one ovary
* +Pure form of gonadal dysgenesis
! One of the clinical variants of female infertility is absolute
* Adenomyosis
* Tubal
* Hyperprolactinemia
* Polycystic ovaries
* +The absence of both ovaries
! The following is used to stimulate ovulation
* Estrofem
* +Clomiphene
* Oxytocyni
* Diferellyni
* Didrogesteron
! The proportion of male infertility in a barren marriage is
* 10%
* 20%
* 30%
* +40%
* 50%
! The sperm get into the fallopian tubes and abdominal cavity through after coitus
* 6 min
*+60 min
* 6 hours
* 6 days
* 60 hours
!. The sperm in the crypts of the cervical canal may retain mobility for
* 24-48 days
* 24-48 minutes
* +24-48 hours
* 24-48 weeks
* 24-48 seconds
! The egg in vivo retains the ability to be fertilized for
* 12-24 days
* +12-24 hours
* 12-24 minutes
* 12-24 weeks
* 12-24 seconds
!. Artificial insemination with donor sperm is used in the form of infertility
* Female
* +Male
* Combined
* Absolute
* Immunological
!. Examination of the couple with a sterile marriage begins with the next study
* Hysteroscopy
* +Spermogramm
* Cervical cytology
* Hysterosalpingography
* Tests of functional diagnostics
! The patient of 24 years old with primary infertility, regular, painful menstruation gynecological status was normal, biphasic basal temperature on hysterosalpingography - fallopian tubes are passable, postcoital test is positive. Married examined - normospermy. To determine the causes of infertility the following is required
* The tuberculin test, hysteroscopy
* Laparoscopy, tuberculin test
* +Laparoscopy, hysteroscopy
* Transvaginal ultrasound
* CT scan
Barren marriage
! Barren marriage is a marriage in which a woman of reproductive age does not become pregnant, provided regular sexual intercourse without contraception for
*12 years
*12 days
*12 hours
*12 weeks
*+12 months
! One of the clinical forms of endocrine infertility is
* Adhesive disease
* Endometrial polyposis
* +=Hyperprolactinemia
* Endometrial hyperplasia
* Internal endometriosis
! Endocrine infertility is usually associated with
* +Violation of ovulation
* Chromosomal abnormalities
* Endometriosis
* Obstruction of the fallopian tubes
* The appearance of sperm antibodies
! The patient of 30 years is infertile, menstrual disorders in the form of delays of 2-3 months in 7 years. Objectively, the phenotype is female, the vulva was normal. Vaginal examination of the uterus is small of the norm, in the appendages there are mass of tight dimensions 3,0 × 4,0 × 4,5 cm, mobile, painless. Basal temperature - monophasic. Husband's spermogram is normal. The clinical picture corresponds to the following genesis of infertility
* Trumpet
* Uterine
* Psychogenic
* +Endocrine
* Peritoneal
Types of gynecological surgery
! An additional method of diagnosing cervical pathology is
* cystoscopy
* +colposcopy
* laparoscopy
* culdoscopy
* hysteroscopy
! An additional method for diagnosing diseases of the cervical canal is
* cystoscopy
* colposcopy
* laparoscopy
* +culdoscopy
* hysteroscopy
! An additional method of diagnostics of endometrial pathology is
* cystoscopy
* colposcopy
* laparoscopy
* culdoscopy
* +hysteroscopy
! Hysterosalpingography is carried out in the following days of the menstrual cycle
* 2-4
* +5-7
* 8-10
* 11-13
* 14-16
! An additional method of differential diagnosis of diseases of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis is
* cystoscopy
* colposcopy
* +laparoscopy
* cervicoscopy
* hysteroscopy
Menstrual irregularities
!. Hypomenstrual syndrome - a violation of the menstrual cycle , which is characterized by the following changes of menstruation
* +Short, rare and scarce
* Short, frequent and scanty
* Short, rare and abundant
* Short, frequent and abundant
* Long , frequent and scarce
! Pathogenesis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to a violation of the frequency allocation
*+ FSH and LH
* FSH and TSH
* LH and ACTH
* LH and prolactin
* FSH and prolactin
! Lack of ovulation dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to a violation of the cyclic production of gonadotropins , especially
* +LH
* FSH
* TRG
* ACTH
* Prolactin
! Dysfunctional uterine bleeding on the grounds of pathogenesis divided into
* Primary, secondary
* Cyclic , acyclic
* +Ovulatory , anovulatory
* Acute, subacute , chronic
* Juvenile , reproductive , menopausal
!. Classification of ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding of pathogenesis divided into
* Primary, secondary
* Cyclic , acyclic
* Hypoestrogenic, hyperestrogenic
* Juvenile , reproductive , menopausal
* +Hypolyuteinizm , hyperlyuteinizm , shortened follicular phase
! By shortening of the luteal phase in the endometrium occur following morphological changes
* Marked secretion
* +Defective secretion
* Secretion decidualization
* Defective proliferation
* Glandular- cystic hyperplasia, polyposis
#1
*!Which form is completed in case of the discovery of oncological disease
*+090-у
*027-2у
*025-у
*030-6у
*027-1у
#2
*!Which form is completed in the case of extract of patient from the hospital with primary diagnosis of cancer
*090-у
*027-2у
*025-у
*030-6у
*+027-1у
#3
*! Which form is completed in the case of extract of the patient from the hospital with primary diagnosis of cancer, stage IV
*090-у
*027-2у
*025-у
*030-6у
*+027-1у
#4
*!To the I «А» clinical group are belongs patients with
*primary diagnosed cancer which requires special treatment
*+with suspicion on cancer
*cancer patients with remission after conduction of special treatment
*with necessity of symptomatic therapy
*with pre-tumor conditions
#5
*!To the I « Б » clinical group are belongs patients with
*primary diagnosed cancer which requires special treatment
*with suspicion on cancer
*cancer patients with remission after conduction of special treatment
*with necessity of symptomatic therapy
*+with pre-tumor diseases
#6
*!To the II clinical group are belongs patients with
*+primary diagnosed cancer which requires special treatment
*with suspicion on cancer
*cancer patients with remission after conduction of special treatment
*with necessity of symptomatic therapy
*with pre-tumor diseases
#7
*!To the III clinical group are belongs patients with
*primary diagnosed cancer which requires special treatment
*with suspicion on cancer
*+ cancer patients with remission after conduction of special treatment
*with necessity of symptomatic therapy
*with pre-tumor diseases
#8
*!To the IV clinical group are belongs patients with
*primary diagnosed cancer which requires special treatment
*with suspicion on cancer
*cancer patients with remission after conduction of special treatment
*+with necessity of symptomatic therapy
*with pre-tumor diseases
#9
*!Which form must be completed in case of patient with advancer cancer after in-hospital treatment
*30
*27/1
*25
*90
*+27/2
#10
*!Base primary registration form of oncological health center system (dispensary) is
*+30
*27/1
*25
*90
*27/2
#11
*!Ectocervix is covered by
*оne-layer flat epithelium
*multi-layer prismatic epithelium
*+multi-layer flat epithelium
*multi-layer cylindrical epithelium
*one-row cylindrical epithelium
#12
*!The same frequent localization of cervical cancer in patients of reproductive age
*internal “pharynx”
*middle third of endocervix
*+vaginal part
*upper third of endocervix
*lower third of endocervix
#13
*!Expressed dysplasia is belongs to
*+pre-cancer condition
*inflammation
*early cancer
*hormonal disorders
*invasive cancer
#14
*!Cytological equivalent of cervical pre-cancer
*acanthosis
*hyperkeratosis
*+discaryosis
*hyperplasia of epithelium
*parakeratosis
#15
*!Treatment modes of expressed dysplasia of the cervix in a reproductive age
*electro-coagulation
*extirpation of uterus with appendages
*+cone electro-resection of the cervix
*extirpation of uterus without appendages
*extirpation of the cervix of uterus
#16
*!Urgent aid at bleeding which is conditioned by the infiltrative cervical cancer
*+tight filling of vagina
*laparotomy, bandaging of an internal iliac arteries
*laparotomy, extirpation of the uterus
*separate diagnostic curettement of the channel of cervix and the cavity of uterus
*circular clipping on the cervix
#17
*!Etiology of the cervical cancer
*heredity
*endocrine disorders
*traumas
*+human papilloma virus
*cytomegalovirus
#18
*!Screening method for the detection of pre-cancer conditions and early cervical cancer
*colposcopy
*targeted biopsy
*questionnaire
*+cytological examination of strokes from ecto- and endocervix
*gynecological examination
#19
*!Intraepithelial neoplasm is characterized by
*invasion in the stromal tissue
*distribution onto glands
*+absence of invasion
*abundance of a pathological mitoses
*presence of an atypical cells
#20
*!Base method of treatment of the cervical cancer stage Ib1
*+Wertheim’s operation
*into cavity radiation therapy
*chemotherapy
*combined radiation therapy
*distant radiation therapy
#21
*!Cervical displasia (CIN) – is
*base-line possess because of hormonal disorders
*early cancer
*base-line possess because of an inflammation
*pre-invasive cancer
*+pre-cancer condition
#22
*!Treatment of the CIN III in a reproductive period
*electro-coagulation
*extirpation of uterus with appendages
*extirpation of the cervix of the uterus
*laser vaporisation
*+cone electro-resection of the cervix
#23
*!Treatment of pre-cancer conditions of the cervix is:
*diathermocoagulation
*chemical coagulation
*crio-destruction
*radiation therapy
*+cone electro-resection
#24
*!In case of rough leukoplakia of deformed cervix suitable treatment method is
*chemical coagulation
*+cone electro-resection
*crio-destruction
*radiation therapy
*electrocoagulation
#25
*! Leading factor in etiology of cervical cancer is
*+human papillomavirus
*cytomegalovirus
*traumas
*parity
*tobacco smoking
#26
*!The same frequent localization of cervical cancer appearance is
*internal “pharynx”
*+border between multi-layer squamous and cylindrical epithelium
*vaginal part of the cervix
*cervical glands
*cervical channel
#27
*!True endometrial pre-cancer condition is
*adenomatous hyperplasia
*adenomiosis
*fibrous polyp
*+atypical hyperplasia
*adenomatous polyp
#28
*!Most frequent meeting form of the uterus cancer is
*+adenocarcinoma
*squamous-cell cancer
*light-cell adenocarcinoma
*adenomatous-squamous-cell cancer
*non-differentiated cancer
#29
*!Source of the development of uterine sarcoma
*bone tissue
*epithelium
*nervous completions
*mesenchyme tissue
*+connecting tissue
#30
*!Uterine myoma often reveals combination with
*endometrial sarcoma
*botrioid sarcoma
*+leiomyosarcoma
*liposarcoma
*carcinosarcoma
#31
*!Metastatic defeat of pelvic lymph nodes often takes place in cases of
*leiomyosarcoma
*endometrial sarcoma
*+carcinosarcoma
*mesenchyme sarcoma
*botrioid sarcoma
#32
*!Hormonal treatment is suitable in the cases of cancers of
*vagina
*cervix
*+uterus
*ovary
*vulva
#33
*!Subsequent metastasizing is not characteristically for the cancer of
*+ovary
*vulva
*cervix
*vagina
*uterus
#34
*!Hormonal therapy as one of the treatment options is applied in cases of
*leiomyosarcoma
*carcinosarcoma
*endometrial sarcoma
*+endometrial cancer
*botrioid sarcoma
#35
*!Serological markers which are detected for the diagnostics of trophoblastic tumors
*estrogens
*+chorionic gonadotropin
*progesterone
*СА-125
*testosterone
#36
*!Invasive cystic skidding is arises up only after
*artificial abortion
*ectopic pregnancy
*luing-ins
*spontaneous abortion
*+cystic skidding
#37
*!Occasion for urgent operation in case of chorioncarcinoma
*uterus size more 12 weeks
*appearance of lutein cysts
*amount of chorionic gonadotropin more 10 000
*lung metastases
*+uterus perforation and intra-abdominal bleeding
#38
*!Variety of histogenetic pathways and plural of morphological forms are characteristic for the tumors of
*uterus
*vagina
*cervix
*vulva
*+ovary
#39
*!Disgerminoma and teratoblastoma are more often appears at period
*childhood
*+reproductive
*pre-menopausal
*post-menopausal
*menopausal
#40
*!Differential diagnostics of ovarian tumors is conducted with
*hysteromyoma
*+extra peritoneal tumors
*mesentery tumor
*appendicular infiltrate
*epiploon tumor
#41
*!The same frequent localization of salpinx cancer is
*isthmian part
*fimbria part
*along the whole length
*interstitial part
*+ampulla part
#42
*!Choice of the treatment tactics in case of cervical cancer is depends from
*age
*tumor localization
*parity
*+degree of tumor prevalence
*tumor histology type
#43
*!Most frequent morphological type of cervical cancer
*light-cell
*adenocarcinoma
*non-differentiated
*+squamous-cell
*endometrioid
#44
*!Treatment tactics in case of microinvasive cervical cancer at patient in menopausal period
*extirpation of uterus without appendages
*+extirpation of uterus with appendages
*extended extirpation of uterus with appendages
*electro-cone resection of cervix of uterus
*amputation of uterus
#45
*!Chorioncarcinoma has most unfavorable prognosis after
*spontaneous abortion
*artificial abortion
*+cystic skidding
*ectopic pregnancy
*premature luing-ins
#46
*!Metastatic ovarian tumors are characterizes by
*young age
*rapid growth
*mobility
*absence of ascites
*+slow growth
#47
*!Most frequent hystological type of cervical malignant tumors is
*sarcoma
*choriocarcinoma
*+squamous-cell carcinoma
*leyomiosarcoma
*adenocarcinoma
#48
*! In case of bleeding conditioned by cervical cancer what method of urgent aid is an appropriate
*separately diagnostic curettement of the cavity of uterus and cervical channel
*cervical circular clipping
*+ tight filling of vagina
*bandaging of internal iliac arteries
*extirpation of uterus
#49
*!What is the cytologucal equivalent of “dysplasia of the cervix”
*akanthosis
*hyperkeratosis
*caryolysis
*parakeratosis
*+diskaryosis
#50
*!At suspicion on a cancer of the uterus, what method of diagnostics will allow to establish the diagnosis most precisely?
*ultrasound research
*+separately diagnostic curettement of the cavity of uterus and cervical channel
*hysterography
*laparoscopy
*laparotomy
#51
*!Chorioncarcinoma – is the malignant tumor of
*decidual shell
*teca-tissue
*myometrium
*endometrium
*+trophoblast
#52
*!Base method of treatment of cervical cancer stage III
*extended extirpation of uterus with appendages
*+combined radiation therapy
*combined
*complex
*chemotherapy
#53
*!Treatment tactics at the diagnosis «CARCINOMA IN SITU» of the cervix
*Wertheim’s operation
*extirpation of uterus with appendages
*hysterectomy without appendages
*supra-vaginal amputation of uterus with appendages
*+wide cone electro-resection of the cervix
#54
*!Cervical intraepithelial neoplasy (CIN) is characterized by
*distribution in to glands
*generous amount of pathological mitoses
*+absence of invasion
*breach into the basal membrane
*presence of atypical cells
#55
*!Pre-cancer of uterus - is
*fibromyoma
*polyposis of endometrium
*glandular-cystophorous endometrium hyperplasy
*+atypical endometrium hyperplasy
*endometriosis
#56
*!At uterus cancer treatment following hormone preparations are used
*estrogenes
*+gestagenes
*combined estrogenic-gestagenic drugs
*oxytocine
*glucocorticoids
#57
*!In accordance with TNM classification cancer of uterus Т1bN1М0 is corresponds to
*Ib
*IVа
*II
*IIb
*+III
#58
*!Turning point for appointment hormone-therapy in the postoperative period to patients with endometrium cancer is:
*age
*concomitant diseases
*deep of invasion
*stage of disease
*+exposure tumor receptors to estrogenes and progesterone
#59
*!At uterus leuomyosarcoma it is more expedient to execute operation in volume
*supra-vaginal amputation of uterus with appendages
*+extirpation of uterus with appendages
*extirpation of uterus without appendages
*myomectomy
*extended extirpation of uterus with appendages
#60
*!Most often meeting ovarian malignant tumors
*+epithelial
*metastatic
*stromal of sexual rope
*fibrosarcoma
*germinal
#61
*!For serous cystadenocarcinoma most typical way of metastasizing is
*lymphogenic
*+implantation
*hematogenic
*intra-canalicular
*lymph-gematogenic
#62
*!Chorioncarcinoma – is the malignant tumor of
*decidual shell
*bassl membrane
*myometrium
*endometrium
*+trophoblast
#63
*!Chorioncarcinoma more often of all develops after
*Extra-uterine pregnancy
*Artificial interruption of pregnancy
*+sorts
*spontaneous abortion
*cystic skidding
#64
*!The basic method of treatment at chorioncarcinoma
*surgical
*+chemotherapy
*combined radiation therapy
*complex
*intra-cavity
#65
*!At metastasizing of chorioncarcinoma in lungs to a bowl of all meets metastasises
*+multiple
*embolic
*single
*dissipated
*alveolar
#66
*!Pre-cancer of vulvae – is
*lipoma
*craurosis
*haemangioma
*leukoplakia
*+dysplasia
#67
*!More often meeting form of vulva cancer
*endophytic growth form growth form
*infiltrative-oedematous
*mixed growth form
*+exophytic growth form
*ulcerous-infiltrative growth form
#68
*!More often meeting histological variant of vulva cancer
*non-differentiated
*adenocarcinoma
*+squamous-cell
*light-cell
*low-differentiated
#69
*!At patients with pre- and microinvasiva cancer of a vulva a treatment method is:
*extended vulvoectomy+Duken’s operation
*extended vulvoectomy+inguinal-femoral and iliac lymph node dissection
*extended vulvoectomy
*extended vulvoectomy+radiation yherapy
*+simply vulvoectomy
#70
*!Treatment tactics in case of CIN III at patient 28 years old
*+electro-cone resection of the cervix
*radiation therapy
*laser vaporisation
*electro-coagulation
*extirpation of uterus with appendages
#71
*!Most informative method of early diagnostics of breast cancer
*primary examination
*questionnaire
*+mammography
*hormonal
*ultrasound
#72
*!What place takes breast cancer in the structure of oncological morbidity among women
*5
*+1
*3
*4
*2
#73
*!Influence of estrogens on mammary gland epithelium
*inert
*+strengthening of proliferative processes
*strengthening of secretory processes
*reduction of processes
*reduction of secretory processes
#74
*!Hormone-disorder disease of mammary gland
*mastitis
*lobular carcinoma
*Padget’s disease
*intra-ductal carcinoma
*+fibrous-cystic mastophaty
#75
*!Breast pain is more characteristic for
*fibroadenoma
*breast cancer
*Minz’s disease
*+diffuse mastopathy
*Padget’s disease
#76
*!Most often meeting clinical form of breast cancer
*+knot-like
*Padget’s
*testacean
*erypsipelatous
*diffuse
#77
*!Most often meeting localization of breast cancer
*areola
*lower-internal quadrant
*lower-external quadrant
*overhead-internal quadrant
*+overhead-external quadrant
#78
*!Indications for sectoral resection of mammary gland
*mastodinia
*papillary cystadenoma
*Padget’s cancer
*+knot-like breast cancer
*diffuse mastopathy
#79
*!Typical symptom of intraductal (in mammary gland) papilloma is
*Krause’s
*milk expiration
*Koenig’s
*+excretions with blood from the nipple
*indrawing
#80
*!Diffuse form of the breast cancer is
*+testacean
*occult
*node-like
*bilateral
*metastatic
#81
*!Prevalent way for metastasizing of breast cancer is
*+lymphogenic
*intracanalicular
*hematogenic
*intradermal
*due to implantation
#82
*!Distant metastases of the breast cancer are frequent localized in
*+bones
*liver
*kidneys
*brain
*lungs
#83
*!Direct mammographic signs of the breast cancer
*nipple indrawing
*shadow of the tumor knot
*microcalcinates
*+radiant contours of the shadow
*abundance of vessels
#84
*!Most reliable diagnostic method in case of suspicion on the breast cancer
*thermography
*ultrasound investigation
*mammography
*+puncture (fine-needle) aspiration biopsy
*computed tomography
#85
*!Base component of a complex treatment of the breast cancer is
*chemotherapy
*targeted therapy
*radiation therapy
*surgical treatment
*+hormone therapy
#86
*!Radical mastectomy by Madden – is mammary gland removal
*+without muscle moving away
*with moving away of big and small thoracic muscles
*with moving away of small thoracic muscles
*with rib resection
*with moving away of big thoracic muscles
#87
*!Hormonal drugs of the choice for the breast cancer therapy of patients in reproductive period
*anti-estrogens
*+releasing hormone antagonists
*glucocorticoids
*aromatase inhibitors
*mineralocorticoids
#88
*!Treatment tactics in case of oedematous-infiltrative form of breast cancer
*chemotherapy
*surgical treatment
*radiation therapy
*combined treatment
*+complex treatment
#89
*!Most reliable method for the breast cancer diagnostics
*examination and feeling (palpation)
*ultrasonography
*punction, excision
*+cytology
*mammography
#90
*!Tactics for the breast cancer stage 0-I treatment
*hormone therapy
*radiation therapy
*+wide sectorial resection
*chemotherapy
*radical mastectomy by Petty