Malpositions of fetus

! A variant of location of the fetus in the uterus, in which the fetal breech is located at the entrance of the  pelvis minor, corresponds to the following fetal presentation:

* frontal

* +breech

* facial

* cephalic

* anterior cephalic

! If the legs of the fetus are bended in the hip joints and straightened in the knee joints and extended along the body and the fetal breech is located at the entrance of the pelvis minor, it corresponds to the following fetal presentation:

* footling

* knee

* complete breech

* footling breech

* +frank breech

! If the fetus legs are fully bent in the knee joints and pressed to the tummy are located at the inlet of the true pelvis, it corresponds to the following fetal presentation :

* frank breech

* footling breech

* +complete breech

* knee

* footling

! If one or both feet of the fetus or his knees are located at the inlet of the true pelvis, it corresponds to the following fetal presentation

* +footling

* complete breech

* frank breech

* full knee

* incomplete knee

! If the legs of the fetus are straightened in the hip joints and bent in the knee joints, it corresponds to the following breech fetal presentation:

* complete breech

* incomplete footling

* frank breech

* +footling

* knee

! If the legs of the fetus are bent in the hip joints and straightened in the knee joints, it corresponds to the following breech fetal presentation

* complete breech

* +frank breech

* full footling

* knee

* footling

! At the breech presentation, the head of the fetus is born with the following size:

* occipitofrontal

* vertical

* +suboccipitobregmatic

* suboccipitofrontalis

* occipitomental

! For the prognosis of vaginally delivery with breech fetal presentation the most favorable version is

* complete breech

* +frank breech

* incomplete footling

* full footling

* knee

! Leading point of the fetus in frank breech presentation is * +anterior hip

* posterior hip

* perineum

* breech

* anus

! At the frank breech presentation to maintain the normal location of the fetus limbs the following is used

* Mauriceau – Levre maneuver

* +Tsovyanov manual aid

* external version

* partial breech extraction

* total breech extraction

! At the footling presentation Tsovyanov manual aid helps to

* birth of the head

* birth of the shoulder girdle

* extraction of the arms and head

* +maintain the normal location of the fetus extremities * change of the footling presentation to frank breech

! At the fetal breech presentation Mauriceau – Levre maneuver helps to

* change of the footling presentation to frank breech

* maintain the normal location of the fetus extremities * birth of the shoulder girdle

* birth of the arms

* +birth of the head

! After membrane rupture in the first stage of labor a woman with breech presentation has a high risk of following complications

* neglected transverse presentation of the fetus

* inadequate labor activity

* precipitate labor

* +prolapse of umbilical cord

* nuchal arms

! Nulliparous with complete breech presentation is in the second stage of labor. The fetus is delivered spontaneously until scapula, but there is no further progress during 2 of powerful muscular contractions. The future tactic is

* cesarean section

* augmentation of labor with oxytocin

* Tsovyanov manual aid

* +partial breech extraction

* total breech extraction

! In the right position, at anterior variety of breech presentation, the sacrum of the fetus is faced to

* Left, posterior

* Right, posterior

* Left, anterior

* +Right, anterior

* To the linea alba

! The picture shows the next fetal lie, position and variety of position

* Oblique, right, anterior

* Transverse, right, posterior

* +Longitudinal, breech, left, posterior

* Longitudinal, breech, right, posterior

* Longitudinal, breech, left, anterior

! The picture shows the next fetal lie, position and variety of position

*Transverse, right, posterior

* Oblique, footling presentation, left, anterior

* Longitudinal, footling breech presentation, right, anterior

* Longitudinal, frank breech presentation, left, anterior

* +Longitudinal, complete breech presentation, right, posterior

! The picture shows the next fetal lie, position and variety of position

*Longitudinal, complete footling breech presentation, right, posterior

* Longitudinal, incomplete footling breech presentation, left, posterior

* +Longitudinal, incomplete footling breech presentation, left, anterior

* Transverse, frank breech presentation, right, anterior

* Longitudinal, complete breech presentation, left, posterior

! At the ultrasonography of pregnant woman with full-term of pregnancy, the both twins are at the longitudinal lie and breech presentation. The Bishop's score by the vaginal examination is 10 points. The preferred birth plan is

* +Planned caesarean section

* Emergency caesarean section

* Amniotomy, labor induction with oxytocin

* Vaginal delivery , in the development of inadequate uterine inertia - Cesarean section

* Vaginal delivery, in the development of inadequate uterine inertia – augmentation of labor

! For multiparous with full-term of pregnancy, breech fetal presentation of both twins the preferred birth plan is

* Vaginal delivery

* External version

* Total breech extraction

* +Planned caesarean section

* Emergency caesarean section

! The transverse fetal presentation is determined by the

* back

* +head

* breech

* chin

* extremities

! The picture shows the next fetal lie, position and variety of position

* Transverse, left, anterior

* Transverse, right, anterior

* +Transverse, right, posterior

* Longitudinal, left, posterior

* Oblique, right, posterior

! In a full-term pregnancy with the fetal transverse lie the following is shown

* External version

* +Planned caesarean section

* emergency caesarean section

* vaginal delivery

* Cesarean section with the beginning of labor activity

! Neglected transverse lie is characterized by prolapse of:

* foot

* +arm

* umbilical cord

* both arms

* nuchal arms

! Hospitalization of pregnant woman with transverse lie for delivery is recommended at (weeks) * 32-34 * 34-35

* 36-37

* +38-40 * 41-42 ! The indication for elective cesarean section in case of fetal transverse lie is

* The second stage of labor

* The first stage of labor

* prenatal discharge of waters

* +full-term gestational age

* prolapse of fetal extremities, umbilical cord

! The indication for emergency cesarean section in case of fetal transverse lie is

* The second stage of labor

* prenatal discharge of waters

* +The first stage of labor

* full-term gestational age

* prolapse of fetal extremities, umbilical cord

! Fetal oblique lie was revealed at full-term of pregnancy. Management of labor is

* planned caesarean section

* +emergency caesarean section

* external version

* External cephalic version

* Prophylactic manual rotation