The history of obstetrics. Female pelvis. Fetus as an object of labor
! Outstanding obstetrician of XVIII century, the author of the first Russian original work in obstetrics "The Art of swaddling, or the science of Babich case"
* +NM-Maksimovic Ambodik
* AJ Krassovsky
* IP Lazarevic
* NN Fenomenov
* VS Gruzdev
! The founder of gynecology in Russia as a scientific discipline, scientist, author of the fundamental guide in gynecology and progressive ideas about women's health care
* NM-Maksimovic Ambodik
* AJ Krassovsky
* NN Fenomenov
* IP Lazarevic
* +VF Snegirev
! The plane of the pelvic inlet is formed anteriorly by the
* Sacral promontory
* +Upper border of the symphysis pubis
* Lower border of the symphysis pubis
* Sacrococcygeal joint
* Arcuate line of ilium
! The plane of the pelvic inlet is formed posteriorly by the
* +Sacral promontory
* Upper border of the symphysis pubis
* Lower border of the symphysis pubis
* Sacrococcygeal joint
* Arcuate line of ilium
! The plane of the pelvic inlet is formed laterally by the
* Sacral promontory
* Upper border of the symphysis pubis
* Lower border of the symphysis pubis
* Sacrococcygeal joint
* +Arcuate line of ilium
! Normally the anteroposterior diameter of the plane of greatest pelvic dimensions is (cm)
* 10,5
* +12,5
* 13,5
* 14,5
! The plane of greatest pelvic dimensions is formed anteriorly by the
* Lower border of the symphysis pubis
* Middle of the acetabulum
* Sacrococcygeal joint
* Place of connection of the 2nd and 3rd sacral vertebrae
* +Middle of the inner surface of the symphysis pubis
! The plane of greatest pelvic dimensions is formed posteriorly by the
* Lower border of the symphysis pubis
* Middle of the acetabulum
* Sacrococcygeal joint
* +Place of connection of the 2nd and 3rd sacral vertebrae
* Middle of the inner surface of the symphysis pubis
! The plane of greatest pelvic dimensions is formed laterally by the
* Lower border of the symphysis pubis
* +Middle of the acetabulum
* Sacrococcygeal joint
* Place of connection of the 2nd and 3rd sacral vertebraes
* Middle of the inner surface of the symphysis pubis
! The plane of least pelvic dimensions is formed anteriorly by the
* +Lower border of the symphysis pubis
* Upper border of the symphysis pubis
* Ischial spines
* Sacrococcygeal joint
* Middle of the inner surface of the symphysis pubis
! The plane of least pelvic dimensions is formed laterally by the
* Lower border of the symphysis pubis
* +Ischial spines
* Middle of the acetabulum
* Sacrococcygeal joint
* Arcuate line of ilium
! The plane of least pelvic dimensions is formed posteriorly by the
* Sacral promontory
* Ischial spines
* +Sacrococcygeal joint
* Arcuate line of ilium
* Place of connection of the 2nd and 3rd sacral vertebrae
! The bone part of the birth canal is the
* +True pelvis
* Ligamentous apparatus
* Muscles of the pelvic floor
* Fascia of the pelvic floor
* Urogenital diaphragm
! The true pelvis is the next part of the birth canal
* connective tissue
* fascial
* fibrous
* muscle
* +bone
! The greatest transverse diameter of the fetal head ( biparietal diameter) extends between the
* rake angle of the anterior (the greater) fontanel and suboccipital fossa
* hairy part of the head and external occipital protuberance
* most distant points of the coronal suture
* glabella and external occipital protuberance
* +parietal eminences
! The vertical size of the fetal head extends between
* rake angle of the anterior (the greater) fontanel and suboccipital fossa
* hairy part of the head and external occipital protuberance
* +vertex and sublingual area
* glabella and external occipital protuberance
* parietal eminences
! The occipitofrontal diameter of the fetal head extends between
* external occipital protuberance and chin
* +glabella and external occipital protuberance
* middle of the anterior (the greater) fontanel and hyoid bone
* hairy part of the head and suboccipital fossa
* rake angle of anterior (the greater) fontanel and suboccipital fossa
! The small transverse diameter of the fetal head (bitemporal diameter) extends between
* parietal eminences
* glabella and external occipital protuberance
* +most distant points of the coronal suture
* hairy part of the head and suboccipital fossa
* rake angle of anterior (the greater) fontanel and suboccipital fossa
! Normally bitemporal diameter of the head of a full-term fetus is (cm)
* 7
* +8
* 9
* 10
* 11
! Posterior fontanel is formed with
* +Sagittal and lambdoid sutures
* Parietal, temporal, occipital bones
* Sagittal, frontal и coronal sutures
* Parietal, frontal, temporal, basic bones
* Parietal, frontal, temporal, ethmoid bones
! Anterior fontanel is formed with
* Sagittal and lambdoid sutures
* +Sagittal, frontal и coronal sutures
* Parietal, temporal, occipital bones
* Parietal, frontal, temporal, basic bones
* Parietal, frontal, temporal, ethmoid bones
Physiology of pregnancy. Changes in a woman's body during pregnancy. Diagnosis of pregnancy. Methods of examination of a pregnant woman.
! The embryonic period of human development ends in the next week of pregnancy
* +5-6th
* 7-8th
* 9-10th
* 11-12th
* 13-14th
! The fetal period of human development begins from next week of pregnancy
* 5-6th
* +7-8th
* 9-10th
* 11-12th
* 13-14th
! The first critical period of fetal development is
* Placentation
* Fertilization
* Transport of the fertilized ovum
* +Pre-implantation stage and implantation
* Development of the rudiments of organs and systems, the formation of placenta
! The second critical period of fetal development is
* Placentation
* Implantation
* Fertilization
* Pre-implantation stage
* +Development of rudiments of organs and systems, the formation of placenta
! The most accurate method of determining the term of pregnancy and
the expected date of birth is
* Size of the uterus in the first visit to the doctor
* +Ultrasound of the uterus in the first trimester
* Ultrasound of the uterus in the second trimester
* Ultrasound of the uterus in the third trimester
* Date of last menstruation
! According to the clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2013), the first ultrasound is performed in following weeks of pregnancy
* 2-5
* 6-9
* +10-14
* 15-19
* 20-24
! According to the clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2013), the second ultrasound is performed in following weeks of pregnancy
* 2-5
* 6-9
* 10-14
* +18-20
* 20-24
! The auscultation of fetal heart tones with the obstetric stethoscope can be carried out after the next weeks of pregnancy
* 16
* +20
* 24
* 28
* 25
! One of the methods of obstetrical examination in labor is
* amnioscopy
* X-ray of pelvis
* +Vaginal examination
* Determination of human chorionic gonadotropin
* study of sexually transmitted infections
! How many Leopold maneuvers does external obstetric examination include?
* 1
* 2
* 3
* +4
* 5
! Which Leopold maneuver is shown below?
* 1
* 2
* 3
* +4
* 2-3
! The picture shows the fourth Leopold maneuver, which measures the location of head to the
* +plane of the pelvic inlet
* Ilium bones
* ischium bones
* symphysis
* sacrum
! The aim of the first Leopold maneuver is the definition of
* position of the presenting part of the fetus to plane of the pelvic inlet
* Part of the fetus located in the lateral parts of the uterus
* Lie, position and variety of position of the fetus
* Presenting part of the fetus
* +Fundal height
! The aim of the second Leopold maneuver is the definition of
* Relationships of the presenting part of the fetus to plane of the pelvic inlet
* Part of the fetus located in the lateral parts of the uterus
* +Lie, position and variety of position of the fetus
* Presenting part of the fetus
* Fundal height
! The aim of the third Leopold maneuver is the definition of
* Relationships of the presenting part of the fetus to plane of the pelvic inlet
* Part of the fetus located in the lateral parts of the uterus
* Lie, position and variety of position of the fetus
* +Presenting part of the fetus
* Fundal height
! The aim of the fourth Leopold maneuver is the definition of
* +position of the presenting part of the fetus to plane of the pelvic inlet
* Part of the fetus located in the lateral parts of the uterus
* Lie, position and variety of position of the fetus
* Presenting part of the fetus
* Fundal height
! The probable sign of pregnancy is
* Pigmentation of skin of linea alba
* Frequent urination
* Enlargement of abdomen
* +Enlargement of uterus
* Moving of fetus
! The presumptive sign of pregnancy is
* cessation of menstruation
* cyanosis of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
* +nausea, vomiting in the morning, change in appetite
* enlargement of breast, emergence of colostrum
* change in size, shape and consistency of the uterus
! The positive (doubtless) sign of pregnancy is
* +when the doctor feels the movements of fetus
* nausea, vomiting in the morning, change in appetite
* change in size, shape and consistency of the uterus
* pigmentation on face and white line of the abdomen, in the area of the nipple
* malaise, drowsiness, irritability, instability of mood
! Horvitz-Hegar’s symptom which is identified on bimanual examination in early pregnancy is
* Asymmetry of the uterus
* +Softening in the isthmus area of the uterus
* Easy mobility of the cervix
* Cyanosis of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix
* The thickening in crest shape on the anterior surface of the uterus
! Snegirev’s symptom which is identified on bimanual examination in early pregnancy is
* Asymmetry of the uterus
* Softening in the isthmus area of the uterus
* +Easy mobility of the cervix
* Cyanosis of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix
* The thickening in crest shape on the anterior surface of the uterus
! Piskachek’s symptom which is identified on bimanual examination in early pregnancy is
* The thickening in crest shape on the anterior surface of the uterus
* Cyanosis of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix
* Easy changeability of consistency of the uterus
* Softening in the isthmus area of the uterus
* +Asymmetry of the uterus
! Genter’s symptom which is identified on bimanual examination in early pregnancy is
* Asymmetry of the uterus
* Softening in the isthmus area of the uterus
* Easy changeability of consistency of the uterus
* Cyanosis of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix
* +The thickening in crest shape on the anterior surface of the uterus
! In obstetrical examination of the pregnant woman's the abdominal circumference is 100 cm, the fundal height is 32 cm. The estimated fetal weight by the formula of Jordania is (gram)
* 2800,0
* 3000,0
* +3200,0
* 3400,0
* 3600,0
! The estimated fetal weight can be determined from multiplication of indicators of the circumference of the abdomen and fundal height. That is a formula of
* Yakubov
* Rudakov
* Johnson
* +Jordania
* Nurkasymov
! The formula of Jordania for determining the estimated fetal weight (EFW), where CA - the circumference of the abdomen, FH – the fundal height
* EFW =CA+FH
* EFW =CA/FH
* +EFW =CA*FH
* EFW =CA - FH
* EFW = (CA*FH)/4
! The weight of the uterus immediately after childbirth is (gram)
* 100-300
* 400-600
* 700-900
* +1000-1200
* 1300-1500
! The maximum increase in circulating blood volume is observed in the following weeks of pregnancy
* 5-12
* 13-20
* 21-28
* +29-36
* 37-41
! The need in iron supplements increases in the following weeks of pregnancy
* 6-10
* 11-15
* +16-20
* 21-24
* 25-29
! In the end of pregnancy the tidal volume of lungs of pregnant woman increases to (%)
* 5-10
* 10-20
* +30-40
* 50-60
* 70-80
! In the first trimester the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration at the pregnant woman increases to (%)
* 10-25
* +30-50
* 55-75
* 80-100
* 110-130
! In physiological pregnancy by the end of pregnancy in a woman's body
the next hormonal changes occur:
* synthesis of oxytocin decreases
* synthesis of estrogen decreases
* +synthesis of estrogen increases
* synthesis of prostaglandin decreases
* synthesis of progesterone increases