Speech exercises

Exercise 1. Answer the questions to the text.

1. Where does the process of digestion begin?

2. What may the absence of teeth or the presence of bad teeth result in?

3. What is one of the commonest mouth diseases?

4. What does periodontitis result from?

5. What are the symptoms of periodontitis?

6. What types of stomatitis exist?

7. What are the clinical characteristics of simple stomatitis?

8. What may chemical stomatitis be caused by?

9. What are the typical symptoms of chemical stomatitis as compared to simple stomatitis?

Exercise 2. Speak about common diseases of the mouth cavity using the following verbs:

to indicate, to cause, to result in, to result from, to disturb, to occur, to involve, to be characterized by, to loosen, to be due to.

Exercise 3. Read the text below and answer the questions given after the text.

Periodontal disease

Periodontal disease develops slowly. The irritants in plaque inflame the gums, making them tender and easily bleeding. The unremoved plaque hardens and collects under the gumline, making plaque removal more difficult. More plaque forms, further irritating the gums and making them red, swollen, tender, bleeding. This condition is known as gingivitis and it can be controlled by scrupulous oral hygiene and professional cleaning. If gingivitis is not treated, it develops into periodontitis.

In periodontitis, the irritated gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets between the teeth and gums that fill with bacteria and gradually deepen. When that happens, surgery may be needed to save the teeth. If left untreated, the bone supporting the teeth is destroyed, and the teeth begin to shift and loosen. Eventually, they fall out or must be extracted.

Questions to be answered:

1 .What are the symptoms of gingivitis?

2. What is the immediate cause of gingivitis?

3. How can gingivitis be controlled?

4. What are the main symptoms of periodontitis?

Exercise 4. Read and translate the following text into Russian:

Your gums are in trouble

There are many signs of periodontal disease: swollen, painful or bleeding gums, bad breath, and loose or sensitive teeth. But gums don't always let you know they are in trouble, even in the late stages of disease. Bacterial

infection may be silently and progressively destroying the soft tissues and bone that support your teeth. Early diagnosis of periodontal disease, prompt treatment and regular checkups bring the best results.

Periodontal disease is a serious and often ongoing condition, it requires an ongoing treatment programme to control it effectively. After a thorough evaluation, your periodontist will recommend the best course of professional treatment. Whether this means non-surgical or surgical treatment, it always includes home care. The periodontal therapy you get in the dentist's office takes care of the infection you have now and helps maintain control. But only you can provide the daily flossing, brushing and other care needed to prevent periodontal disease from getting worse or coming back.

A periodontist is a specialist who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of periodontal disease. In addition to four years of dental school, your periodontist has had extensive training in this specialty. He or she will provide you with treatment that ranges from deep cleaning of teeth and gums to surgical removal of infection to surgery that actually may restore soft tissue and bone, damaged by periodontal disease. Many periodontists also treat temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), and are skilled in replacing missing teeth with dental implants.

Exercise 5.

A. Find words in the text which mean:

1. to supply what is needed

2. examination

3. teeth, moving more freely than is right or usual

4. the process of giving medical or surgical care

5. keep up, continue

6. full

7. prophylaxis

8. absent

B. Complete these phrases with a verb. They all appear in the article.

1. to . the best results

2. to . effectively

3. to . care

4. to . control

5. to . a disease

6. to . in the diagnosis

7. to . treatment

8. to . training in

Exercise 6. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the signs of periodontal disease?

2. Can the disease disappear if untreated?

3. What is the role of bacterial infection in periodontal disease?

4. What kind of specialist can provide the best treatment in this case?

5. What is the role of home oral care?

6. Is it difficult to acquire the specialty of a periodontist?

7. What kind of treatment can these specialists provide?

Exercise 7. Summarise the text «Periodontal Disease» using the following introductory expressions: The text is about... It is stressed that... It is pointed out that... In conclusion it is said that...

Exercise 8. Read the following text. Pay attention to the following questions and give the main idea of the prophylaxis of periodontitis.