Vocabulary exercises

Exercise 1. Give the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

пищеварение, желудок, указывать, нарушение, кишечник, расшатываться, сопротивляемость, воспаляться, быть результатом, характеризовать, воспаление, поражение местного характера, поражать, лекарства, у детей, зловонное дыхание, в пожилом возрасте, ряд зубов, вызывать стоматит, при отравлении, выглядеть, быть знакомым, распознавать.

Exercise 2. Give the synonyms to the following words: to indicate, to perform, occasionally, bowels, to start, because of, to cause.

Exercise 3. Supply the words of the same root.

A. Give derivatives to the following words:

to prepare, saliva, to digest, to masticate, to inflame, to result, to secrete, to disturb

B. Choose a correct derivative and translate the sentences:

1. prepare - These pharmaceutical ... are administered to relieve pain.

2. masticate - In stomatitis ... is often very difficult and painful.

3. saliva - Parotid gland is the . gland located at the angle (угол) of the

jaw in front of and below the ear.

4. disturb - Poor mouth hygiene and the presence of bad teeth can be the

cause of digestive . .

5. secrete - The process by which certain substances in a plant or animal

body are separated (from body liquids, blood, etc.) for use or as waste matter is called . .

6. inflame - Pulpitis is ... of the tooth pulp. Sometimes the ... process may

be very severe and painful.

Exercise 4. Put a correct preposition into each gap:

1. The absence . a number . teeth or the presence....bad teeth may hamper

the mastication.

2. Stomatitis refers . a condition characterized . inflammation.

3. The increased secretion . saliva may affect the digestion . the mouth.

4. Phosphorous poisoning starts....a painful inflammation....the soft tissue.

5. . lead poisoning the gums look anaemic.

6. Every dentist must be familiar . various types . stomatitis.

Grammar exercises

Exercise 1.Choose and translate sentences with the Absolute Participlial Construction:

1. Periodontal disease being number one cause of adult tooth loss, it strikes three of four adults during the course of their lives.

2. When diagnosed early, juvenile periodontitis can be treated.

3. Some elderly people ignore their dental health, believing that sooner or later everyone must lose his / her natural teeth.

4. Dry mouth occurring when saliva supply is reduced, it may be a result of taking certain kinds of medicines.

5. Dental disease remains a chronic health problem, it affecting 90% to 95% of all Americans.

6. Fluoride combines with tooth enamel improving its resistance to decay.

7. Tooth plaque being colourless, it is difficult to be detected.

8. More plaque forms on the top of the calculus (зубной камень) further irritating the gum.

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences. Determine the tense forms of the predicates:

1. In the mouth the starchy portions of the diet are given their first digestion.

2. Mastication was interfered and the breath was fetid.

3. A few cases of lead poisoning have been reported.

4. Simple stomatitis is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane.

5. When permanent teeth are developing in the jaw bone the roots of the deciduous teeth are gradually dissolving.

6. Occasionally people get poisoned from the use of water that has been in a new lead water pipe.

7. The patient complained that he had been having a high temperature for three days.

8. Inflammation appeared two days ago.

9. - Where is Dr. Smith? - I think, he is examining the patient now.

Exercise 3. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Больные зубы могут мешать правильному пищеварению.

2. Стоматит характеризуется воспалением слизистой оболочки полости рта.

3. Очень часто десны, небо, язык, щеки и губы вовлекаются в процесс воспаления.

4. Каждый стоматолог должен распознавать различные типы стоматитов.

5. Стоматит поражает губы и слизистую оболочку рта.

6. Стоматит часто начинается с болезненного воспаления мягких тканей полости рта.

7. Наличие плохих зубов часто влияет на процесс пищеварения.

8. При стоматите температура обычно не бывает очень высокой.

9. Это заболевание обычно встречается в пожилом возрасте.

Exercise 4. Determine participles and translate the sentences into Russian. Find the sentences with the Absolute Participial Construction.

1. Solutions containing sugar are sources of painful caries.

2. Among the conditions routinely diagnosed by the dentist, pulpitis is the disease that occurs most often.

3. Elderly people often suffer from the loss of teeth, as a rule periodontal disease being cause number one.

4. Pulpitis associated with internal resorption may show loss of tooth structure and enlargement of the pulp chamber.

5. Reversible pulpitis may resolve following the removal of the offending stimulus.

6. A slowly growing granuloma produced few clinical signs.

7. Vascular changes being small, the teeth react normally to heat, cold and electrical stimulation.