X. Напишите по английски несколько фраз о своей будущей специальности. Вариант 2

Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Видовременные формы глагола: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous.

2. Модальные глаголы can, may, must и их эквиваленты.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I и Participle II и причастные обороты.

4. Инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты, и особенности их перевода.

5. Герундий и герундиальные обороты, и особенности их перевода.

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:

The Legal System of the UK

British law comes from two main sources: laws made in Parliament (usually drawn up by government departments and lawyers), and Common Law, which is based on previous judgments and customs. Just as there is no written Constitution, so England and Wales have neither criminal code nor civil code and the interpretation of the law is based on what has happened in the past. The laws which are made in Parliament are interpreted by the courts, but changes in the law itself are made in Parliament.

The most common type of law court in England and Wales is the magistrates’ court. There are 700 magistrates’ courts and about 30,000 magistrates.

More serious criminal cases then go to the Crown Court, which has 90 branches in different towns and cities. Civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with in the County courts.

Appeals are heard by higher courts. For example, appeals from magistrates’ court are heard in the Crown Court, unless they are appeals on points of law. The highest court of appeal in England and Wales is the House of Lords. (Scotland has its own High Court in Edinburgh which hears all appeals from Scottish courts.) Certain cases may be referred to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. In addition, individuals have made the British Government change its practices in a number of areas as a result of petitions to the European Court of Human Rights.

The legal system also includes juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under seventeen) and coroner’s courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths). There are administrative tribunals which make quick, cheap and fair decisions with much less formality. Tribunals deal with professional standards or disputes between individuals and government departments (for example, over taxation).

II. Переведите на русский язык следующие понятия и словосочетания:

to make laws, judgement, to deal with, the Crown Court, criminal code, unnatural death, common type, the County Court, written Constitution, civil code, civil cases

III. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:

судебная система, гражданский кодекс, филиал, писаная Конституция, правонарушитель, Европейский Суд по правам человека, суд по делам несовершеннолетних, насильственная смерть, суд высшей инстанции, спор.

IV. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту:

1. Who is responsible for making laws in Britain?

2. What is the most common type of law court in England and Wales?

3. Which court deals with civil cases?

4. Which court deals with criminal cases?

5. Which court would deal with the following:

- a bank robbery?

- a divorce case?

- a burglary committed by a fifteen-year-old boy?

- a drowning?

- a case of driving too fast?

V. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод пассивной конструкции:

1. Criminal law is concerned with wrongful acts harmful to the community.

2. Civil law is concerned with individuals’ rights, duties and obligations towards one another.

VI. Соотнесите термины с их определениями:

1- arrest	a. person charged in a court of law
2- bankruptcy	b. give a punishment
3- burglary	c. found to have broken a law
4- defendant	d. stick carried by a policeman
5- fraud	e. inability to pay one’s debts
6- guilty	f. breaking into a building to steal
7- prosecute	g. deceiving to make money
8- sentence	h. seize a person by law
9- statute	i. law established by Parliament
10- truncheon	j. bring a criminal charge against someone