- •Ways of rendering the lexico-grammatical meanings and functions of the english infinitive
- •Ways of translating infinitival complexes
- •Ways of traslating the for-to-infinitive constructions
- •Ways of translating the objective with the infinitive constructions
- •Ways of rendering the meaning of the subjective with the infinitive constructions
- •Ways of translating the participles and participial constructions
- •Ways of translating participial constructions
- •Ways of translating the objective with the participle constructions (opc)
- •Ways of Translating the Subjective with the Participle Constructions (spCs)
- •Ways of Translating the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions (napc)
- •Ways of Identification of Implicit Meanings
- •In the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions
- •Translation of the gerund
- •Ways of translating gerundial complexes
- •Ways of conveying the passive voice constructions
- •Transformation in the process of translation
- •Grammatically Predetermined Transformations
- •Stylistically Predetermined Transformations
- •Objectively required and subjectively introduced transformations of language units
- •Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation
- •Publicistic and newspaper style texts and ways of their translation
- •I. Identify the function of the underlined infinitive and translate each sentence into Ukrainian.
- •II. Identify the function of the infinitival for-phrase and translate each sentence into Ukrainian.
- •III. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •I. Translate the following sentences into English using the participle.
- •II. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •I. Translate the following sentences into English using participial constructions.
- •II. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Translate into Ukrainian
- •Translate into English
- •V. Translate the following sentences into English using the passive voice.
Ways of translating participial constructions
The compound verbal predicate with the present participle is usually transformed in Ukrainian into the simple verbal predicate expressed by a perfective verb.
He stopped, and took me up, and the light came tumbling down the steps on me too. |
Він зупинився й підхопив мене, а світло поповзло по мене, а світло поповзло по східцях і впало також на мене. |
As part of a compound nominal predicate, the participle with its linking verb is transformed in Ukrainian into a simple perfective verbal predicate or becomes a compound nominal predicate.
The trade fair was closed last week. |
Ярмарок закрився минулого тижня. |
Ways of translating the objective with the participle constructions (opc)
The objective with the present participle constructions s may be translated:
With the help of the object subordinate clause introduced by що or як, коли: He heard her moving about the room.- Він чув, як вона ходила по кімнаті.
With the help of the adverbial subordinate clauses of time, purpose, manner, etc. / had seen him last September coming across the square towards the bar of the Continental. - Я бачив його минулого року у вересні, коли він переходив майдан до бару в ресторані Континенталь.
With the help of an object subordinate clause or with the help of a semantically equivalent word-group: / heard someone weeping. Я чув, як хтось плакав/ чийсь плач.
With the help of the simple verbal predicate: I can see you marrying after a drink too many. - Ти, бачу, як підіп'єш, то ще станеш женихатися тут
The objective with the past participle constructions may be translated:
With the help of an object subordinate clause: / heard his name mentioned in the crowd.- Я чув, шо/як його ім'я називали у натовпі.
With the help of a noun in the metaphorical paraphrase: Я чув його ім'я на вустах натовпу.
By transplanting the participial complex to Ukrainian sentences having here identical predicative constructions: When I returned I found the fence broken and the house door opened.- Прийшовши додому, я застав паркан проламаним, а хатні двері відчиненими.
Ways of Translating the Subjective with the Participle Constructions (spCs)
SPCs are translated mostly as Complex Subject but there is a slight difference:
He was heard to sing. Чули, що він співав. (result)
Не was heard singing. Чули, як/коли він співав.(process)
Simple sentences with the SPCs are transformed in Ukrainian into a complex sentence introduced by the one-member indefinite-personal principal clause or by the infinitive performing the same syntactic function.: They were heard talking together, Maitlaud beside him, fanning him with a copy of the Light.- Чули, як вони вдвох розмовляли, а Мейтлод, сидячи поруч, обмахувала його газетою «Світло».
SPCs, which are used with the verbs to appear, to seem, to have etc., do not require structural transformations: He had his eyes fixed always on the future.- Він завжди спрямовував свій погляд у майбутнє.
Рarticipial constructions with given, taken, granted etc. are translated with the help of diyepryslivnyks, diyepryslivnyk constructions or via prepositional noun phrases. : Taken together, the results of the reaction proved the existence of some touch in the solution.- Підсумовуючи/У підсумку наслідки реакції підтвердили існування домішок у розчині.