Vocabulary

scrap heap	свалка, груда лома
to blacklist	заносить в черный список
to expose	разоблачать
make-over	создание нового облика
to disguise	скрывать
to enable	давать возможность
flag-of-convenience	удобный флаг1
to aim	направлять, нацеливать
over-exploitation	чрезмерная эксплуатация2
to tie up	швартоваться
solution	решение
over-capacity	избыточные производственные мощности
sufficient	достаточный
theft	воровство, кража

II. Vocabulary Practice

1. Give synonyms to the following words:

to disguise, to enable, to tie up, solution, sufficient.

Use the above words in the sentences of your own.

2. Find the words from the text which mean the following:

• to record or report in detail, as in the press, on television, etc;

• a moral or legal requirement; duty;

• all the countries of the world;

• the crime of stealing;

• all people of about the same age.

III. Speech Practice

1. Explain in English what the following words and word groups mean:

to blacklist; a make-over; over-exploitation; "flag-of-convenience" ships; scrap yard; theft; global problem.

2. Explain the underlined parts in your own words.

1. A make-over is commonly practiced by pirate fishing vessels in order to disguise their identity and avoid inspections.

2. It is caused by the huge over-capacity of the world's fishing fleets.

3. The international community is to deal effectively with the theft of marine life from honest fishermen and future generations.

3. Answer the questions.

1. Who initiated the investigation into the activities of the pirate ships?

2. What ships are usually blacklisted?

3. What charges were brought against the mentioned ships?

4. What do pirate ships usually do to disguise their identity?

5. What states repeatedly violate the European Union law with regard to pirate ships?

6. What factors contribute to the IUU fishing?

7. In what way should this problem be addressed?

4. Speak about the accident.

Text 7. Pirate trawlers put fish stocks on the line¹

I. Read the text.

Make sure you understand the words below:

to urge	to insist on
recipient	receiver
traffic	commerce
to account for	to make up
jurisdiction	authority
to oppose	to be against

Wednesday February 21, 2001

Japan is urging the EU to outlaw pirate fishing vessels which are plundering Atlantic fish stocks and putting legitimate fishermen out of business.

Although the pirate vessels operate under notorious flags of convenience, many of the trawler owners live comfortably in Spain and the UK.

Japan, one of the main recipients of illegally caught Atlantic tuna¹, has been trying to stop the traffic partly because it fears stocks will become exhausted and partly because its fishing unions believe they are being deprived of work.

Without international cooperation to prosecute the owners, Japan believes it will be difficult to stamp out the global trade which accounts for more than 10% of total world catches.

Among the species being destroyed by pirate boats is the patagonian tooth fish² caught on longlines. Each line has 50,000 hooks which also kill albatross and other sea birds.

Estimates based on Lloyd's Maritime Information Services show there are around 1,300 fishing vessels flying flags of convenience. Belize³ has 404 registered trawlers, Honduras, 395, Panama, 214 and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines⁴ 108. A flag registration can be bought over the internet for as little as £350.

The owners are often registered in the same country as the ship, at least on paper, although the real recipients are far away. Taiwan tops the list of beneficial owners with 169 vessels while the EU has 168. Of these Spain and the Canary Islands have 116, Portugal 12, Greece 11 and the UK 10.

In addition there is a fish-carrying vessel which collects the catch from industrial trawlers at sea and takes it to market, disguising its origins.

Attempts to reach agreement are opposed by Mexico and Brazil, who say that stamping out pirate boats is a restriction of free trade, and by the EU which managed to delete most measures calling on governments to penalize or take other action against companies under their jurisdiction.

Greenpeace, which has followed illegal ships, says pirate vessels are successfully evading all fishing conservation and management regulations.

"We must close ports to these vessels, close markets to the fish, and penalize the companies involved in the jurisdiction of their home country", said Greenpeace. "All fishing agreements are worthless if pirate fishing is allowed to continue".

Pirate fishing has doubled in the last 10 years. The illegal trade in patagonian tooth fish catch alone is worth £300m annually.