2. Read the text and answer the following questions.

1.Civil engineers builds the world’s infrastructure.

2. Civil engineering focuses on the infrastructure of the world which include Water works, Sewers, Dams, Power Plants, TransmissionTowers Lines, Railroads, Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, Irrigation Canals, River Navigation,Shipping Canals, Traffic Control, Mass Transit, Airport Runways, Terminals, Industrial Plant Buildings,Skyscrapers, etc.

3.Before the middle of the 18th century, large scale construction work was usually placed in the hands of military engineers.

4.Among the important subdivisions of the field are construction engineering, irrigation engineering,transportation engineering, soils and foundation engineering, geodetic engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal and ocean engineering.

5.In the 18th century, however, the term civil engineering came into use to describe engineering work that was performed by civilians for non military purposes.

3. Choose the correct words and word combinations from the box and complete the sentences.

There are two word expressions you do not need.

transportation, accessories, an important role, industry, traffic, engineers, motor transport

1. Mechanical __engineers______ are associated with the production and processing of energy.

2. Transport has always played __an important role______ in people’s life.

3. Travelling by car, people can get stuck in heavy __traffic__________ .

4. Automobile _____industry______ is constantly developing and flourishing.

5. Modern ___ motor transport_____ system is rather well developed thanks to rapid scientific and technological progress.

III. Write the annotation to the Reading task.

Variant b

I. Vocabulary and Grammar

1. Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (a-e)

1. Brakes BA. a wheel used by driver, pilot to steer an automobile, ship, etc.

2. Power train CB. mechanism used for stopping the car

3. Clutch EC. the unit carrying the power from the engine to the car wheels

4. GearboxD D. mechanism used for connecting (or disconnecting) the

engine from the gearbox

5. Steering wheel AE. The mechanism used for changing the speed

2. Give the definition to the following terms.

Truck _A truck is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo.

WheelA wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axle bearing. The wheel is one of the main components of the wheel and axle which is one of the six simple machines

Fuel A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases chemical or nuclear energy as heat or to be used for work.

Electric motorIt is an engine that works by electricityAccessories _____________________________________________

3. Give the English equivalents of the following words and phrases

Қосалқыкерек-жарақтар / запчастиspares

Жобалау / проектироватьdesign

Инженерлікшешім / инженерое решениеEngineeringsolution

Машина жасаушы / машиностроительMechanicalengineer

Өндіру / производитьproduce_________________________________________________________________