Lexical Exercises

Ex.4. Read and translate:

1) flight control surfaces, electrical flight control surfaces, electrical and mechanical flight control surfaces, primary and secondary flight control surfaces;

2) hydraulic systems, actuated by a hydraulic system, flight control surfaces actuated by one of several aircraft hydraulic systems;

3) hydraulic power, application of hydraulic power, tasks performed by the application of hydraulic power, increasing number of tasks performed by the application of hydraulic power;

4) supply of fuel, reliable supply of fuel, to provide a reliable supply of fuel to the engines; to transfer fuel, to transfer fuel from wing tanks to the fuselage centre tank, to consolidate fuel before engine feed;

5) AC and DC power, to generate AC and DC power, to generate and distribute AC and DC power to other airplane systems, to obtain electrical power, to obtain electrical power from a number of onboard sources;

6) electronic systems, aeronautical and aviation electronic systems, aeronautical and aviation electronic systems connected with navigation and communication.

Ex.5. Translate into English using the pattern:

1 2 1 2

Pattern А: авиационное топливо aviation fuel

- Навигационная система, топливный бак, крыльевой топливный бак, пассажирские сиденья, взлетный вес, силовая установка;

1 2 2 1

Pattern B: вес самолета aircraft weight

- система управления, система управления полетом, система управления силовой установкой, плоскость управления, применение энергии, подача топлива, запуск двигателя, члены экипажа, структура фюзеляжа, управление креном, управление рысканьем, управление тангажом, гидравлика самолета, компоненты топливной системы;

1 2 3 1 3 2

Pattern C: электрическая плоскость управления electrical control surface

Механическая плоскость управления, первичные плоскости управления, вторичные плоскости управления, применение электрической энергии, применение пневматической энергии, применение гидравлической энергии, надежная подача топлива, надлежащая (proper) работа двигателя

Look at the picture in which the main aircraft systems are represented.

Ex.6. Try to answer the following questions:

1. What aircraft system controls the engine operation?

2. What system do the movable portions of the wing belong to?

3. What system provides normal physiological conditions for the crew and passengers?

4. What three systems provide different sorts of power for the other aircraft systems?

5. What system is responsible for communication and navigation?

6. What system provides engine feed?

Ex.7. Read and translate the text:

Aircraft Systems

Aircraft systems include flight control, hydraulics, electrical, pneumatic, fuel, environmental control, power plant control, and the ever-more-capable avionics.

The aircraft flight control system enables the pilot to control the aircraft during all portions of flight. There are primary controls (elevators, ailerons and rudders) and secondary control surfaces (slats and flaps). Elevators, ailerons, slats, flaps and spoilers are electrical control surfaces. Rudder is a mechanical one. All these surfaces are actuated by one of several aircraft hydraulic power systems.

Hydraulic systems made their appearance on aircraft in the early 1930s when the retractable undercarriage was introduced. Since that time an increasing number of tasks has been performed by the application of hydraulic power. Hydraulic systems play an important role for the primary and secondary flight controls, landing gear, cargo doors, passenger stairs.

The function of an aircraft fuel system is to provide a reliable supply of fuel to the engines. Without the motive power provided by them the aircraft is unable to sustain flight. On civil aircraft fuel is transferred from wing tanks to the fuselage centre tank where fuel is consolidated before engine feed.

The power plant control system provides the means for controlling fuel and ignition for starting, operating and shutting down the engines and for controlling engine thrust lever in forward and reverse thrust ranges.

The electrical system generates and distributes AC and DC power to other airplane systems. The electrical power is obtained from a number of onboard sources. System operation is automatic. Electrical faults are automatically detected and isolated. The AC electrical system is the main source for airplane electrical power.

The purpose of pneumatics is to extract compressed air from the engines or Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) for air conditioning, pressurization, wing anti-icing and engine starting. Air is obtained from the engine or auxiliary power unit, and distributed through ducts to the user systems.

Environmental control systems provide normal physiological conditions for the crew members and passengers at high altitudes.

Avionics is usually associated with those aeronautical and aviation electronic systems which are connected with flight deck systems, navigation, communication, radar, and electronic warfare. But the “general” systems described above have, in recent years, increasingly adopted electronics technologies in order to improve system control and diagnostics. Therefore, without exception, these systems are today also ‘avionic’ in nature.

Ex.8. Fill in the table:

Aircraft System	Its Function
Flight control system	…
…	To provide proper engine operation
Environmental control system	…
…	To actuate different aircraft subsystems with the help of fluid
Avionics	…
…	To generate a.c. and d.c. power for different aircraft subsystems
…	To actuate different aircraft subsystems with the help of compressed air

Ex.9. Check the comprehension of the text “Aircraft Systems” by choosing the sentence with the same meaning as the initial one.

The aircraft flight control system enables the pilot to control the aircraft during all portions of flight.

1. Flight controls have advanced considerably throughout the years.

2. Flight controls are needed during take-off, flight and landing.

3. A pilot must know very well principles of flight control.

Hydraulic systems made their appearance on aircraft when the retractable undercarriage was introduced.

1. Retractable landing gear implementation caused the use of hydraulics on aircraft.

2. Hydraulic system appearance caused the introduction of the retractable undercarriage.

3. Hydraulic systems carry out a lot of tasks on aircraft.

Without the motive power provided by the engines the aircraft can’t sustain flight.

1. Ability of an aircraft to sustain flight is the greatest achievement of the mankind.

2. An aircraft is able to fly without the motive power.

3. Power plant of an aircraft develops thrust which causes the aircraft to fly.