ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ВОЗДУШНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ АВИАЦИИ»

ИРКУТСКИЙ ФИЛИАЛ

Кафедра социально-экономических дисциплин

Портнова Т.Ю.

Design of an Aircraft and its Main Systems

Пособие по английскому языку

для студентов 1 курса всех специальностей

Иркутск 2010

Ш 143.21

П 60

Рецензент: кпн Шутова Т.А.

Портнова Т.Ю.

Aircraft Design and its Main Systems: Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку / Т.Ю.Портнова. – Иркутск: МГТУ ГА ИФ, 2010. –

Учебное пособие “Design of an Aircraft and its Main Systems” предназначено для студентов 2 курса. В пособии представлен материал, направленный на развитие лексико-грамматических навыков, формирование умений разных видов чтения (с общим и детальным пониманием), перевода, а также умений обсуждать профессиональные вопросы. Большое внимание уделяется лексическому материалу для обеспечения более эффективного практического овладения языком. Тематика текстов охватывает проблемы принципиальной схемы самолета и вертолета, элементов их конструкции и основных систем, обзор некоторых современных российских и зарубежных летательных аппаратов. Раздел Appendix содержит грамматический материал в соответствии с рабочей программой по дисциплине и призван помочь преодолеть возможные трудности при выполнении грамматических упражнений.

Пособие соответствует рабочей программе.

The main parts of an airplane Essential Vocabulary

lift fuel wing leading edge trailing edge elevator rudder motion drag propulsion system instead tail stability straight stabilizer to swing to prevent hinge to deflect roll spoiler plate to disrupt flow additional flap slat fuselage cockpit weight thrust pitch yaw axis (axes) landing gear undercarriage empennage

[lift] [fju:əl] [wiŋ] [′li:diŋ edʒ] [treiliŋ edʒ] [eli′veitə] [′rΛdə] [məu∫n] [dræg] [prə′pΛl∫n] [in′sted] [teil] [stə′biliti] [streit] [′steibilaizə] [swiŋ] [pri′vent] [hindʒ] [di′flekt] [rol] [spoilə] [pleit] [dis′rΛpt] [fləu] [ə′di∫ənl] [flæp] [slæt] [′fjuzəla:ʒ] [′kokpit] [weit] [θrΛst] [pit∫] [jo:] [′æksis] [′lændiŋ giə] [′Λndəkæridʒ] [em′peniʒ]

- подъемная сила - топливо - крыло - передняя кромка - задняя кромка - руль высоты - руль поворота - движение - лобовое сопротивление - двигательная система - вместо - хвост - устойчивость - прямой - стабилизатолр - качаться, колебаться - предотвращать - крепиться, прикрепляться - отклоняться - крен - спойлер - пластина - разбить, разорвать - поток - дополнительный - закрылок - предкрылок - фюзеляж - кабина - вес - тяга - тангаж - рысканье - ось - шасси - шасси - хвостовое оперение

Forces Acting on an Airplane in Flight

Ex.1. Look at the picture and answer the following questions.

1) Which force acts…

upward? forward? backward? downward?

2) Which forces act in the opposite directions?

3) Which force is provided by the airplane’s propulsion system?

4) Which force is created because any object moving through a fluid produces friction?

5) Which force must be greater than the aircraft weight in order for the aircraft to leave the ground?

6) Which force is developed by the wings of the aircraft?

Ex.2. Read and translate the information about the axes of rotation:

The three axes of the airplane are perpendicular to each other and pass through the center of gravity of the airplane.

Roll axis (longitudinal axis) passes through the airplane from front to rear.

Pitch axis (horizontal or lateral axis) passes through the airplane from one side to the other.

Yaw axis (vertical axis) passes through the airplane from top to bottom.

Axes of Rotation

An airplane can rotate around all three axes simultaneously or it can rotate around just one axis.

The airplane is pitching. Nose up and nose down control is performed by the elevators.	The airplane is rolling. Wing up and wing down control is performed by the ailerons and flight spoilers.	The airplane is yawing. Left and right control is performed by the rudder.

Ex.3. Answer the questions:

1) Which axis is:

1. an imaginary line extending vertically through the intersection of the lateral and longitudinal axes?

2. an imaginary line from the nose to the tail?

3. an imaginary line from wingtip to wingtip?

2) Which axis lets the nose swing from side to side?

3) Which axis lets the nose move up and down?

4) Which axis lets the wings bank from side to side?

Ex.4. Transform the sentences using the pattern:

The function of the aircraft is to move people and cargo from one place to another.

→

The aircraft is designed to move people and cargo from one place to another.

1. The function of the rudder is to change yaw.

2. The function of the fuselage is to hold the elements together and to carry payload.

3. The function of the slats is to increase lift.

4. The function of the engines is to develop thrust.

5. The function of the vertical stabilizer is to control yaw.

b)

The aircraft is designed to move people and cargo from one place to another.

→

The function of the aircraft is to move people and cargo from one place to another.

1. The spoilers are designed to counteract the flaps.

2. The elevator is designed to change pitch.

3. The flaps are designed to increase the amount of force produced by the wing.

4. The aileron is used to change roll.

5. The wing is used to generate lift.

Ex.5. Read some information about the main airplane’s components:

The main components of airplanes are as follows:

1. The fuselage. It is the main body of the airplane and contains the pilot's compartment (cockpit) and passenger and baggage compartments. The cockpit contains the flight controls and instruments.

2. The wings. They are the main lifting surfaces which support the aircraft in flight. Aircraft may be divided into monoplanes and biplanes.

3. The flight control surfaces. The three basic flight control surfaces are the ailerons, the elevators and the rudder which provide the necessary stability in flight and change the altitude and the direction of flight. The elevators and the rudder are the parts of the horizontal and vertical stabilizers, forming the tail unit or empennage.

4. The power plant. It is the heart of the airplane. There are many types of engines: turboprop, turbojet, turbofan, rocket engines, etc.

5. The landing gear or undercarriage. It is used during maneuvering of the aircraft on the ground while taxing, taking off and landing. In flight the retractable landing gear is retracted into the wing or the fuselage structure.

Ex. 6. Using the information from exercise 5, decide true or false the following statements are:

1. Flight controls and instruments are located in the wings.

2. The vertical and horizontal stabilizers make up the empennage.

3. The power plant is the heart of the airplane.

4. The wings are used during maneuvering of the aircraft on the ground while taxing, taking off and landing.

5. The undercarriage is the main body of the airplane.

Ex.7. Read and translate the word-combinations paying attention to Participle I and II as an attribute:

Pattern:

Participle I – supporting – поддерживающий writing - пишущий Participle II – supported – поддерживаемый written – написанный

1. - the lift generated by the wings;

• jet engines located underneath the wings;

• thrust provided by the engines;

• propellers used instead of jets;

• an airplane equipped with the tricycle landing gear;

• a fixed horizontal piece;

2. - small moving sections;

• a part of the airplane producing the lift;

• the leading edge;

• small plates disrupting the air flow;

• transportation devices carrying cargo by air;

• thrust pushing the airplane forward.

Ex.8. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs in the Passive Voice.

1. On the Wright brother's first aircraft, the horizontal stabilizer was placed in front of the wings. Such a configuration is called a canard after the French word for "duck".

2. To generate lift, the airplane must be pushed through the air.

3. The jet engines are located beneath the wings.

4. Most airliners can also be rolled from side to side by using the spoilers.

5. Propellers are sometimes used instead of jets.

6. The hinged part of the vertical stabilizer is called the rudder.

7. Flaps are deployed downward on take-off and landing.

8. Passengers and cargo are carried in the rear of the fuselage.

9. The aircraft configuration in the figure was chosen only as an example.

10. The moving sections of the wings are attached to the fixed sections by hinges.