Will not (won’t) have smb do smth

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E.g. “I won’t have you speak to me like that!” her voice came sharply.

I won’t have him interfere.

Would sooner (‘d sooner), would rather (‘d rather) = prefer

E.g. “I’d rather do it myself”, said Luke.

He’d sooner die than let me think he was a failure.

Structurally dependent use of would after the verb wish

E.g. I wish the rain would stop for a moment.

I wish they wouldn’t insist on it.

Shall Forms

Shall (shall not, shan’t)

Table 14

Meaning	Examples
Compulsion, strict order (not common in present spoken English, restricted to formal and archaic styles, found mainly in subordinate clauses)	Members shall enter their names in the register. “I’ve got to tell Mr. Tanqueray”. – “By god, you shall do nothing of the sort”. We propose that each member of the club shall be asked to pay a subscription of £10 a year.
Promise Threat Warning	You shall have my answer tomorrow. You shall not run away before you answer. You shall repent of this neglect of duty.
Obstinate attitude on the part of he speaker	“Please don’t go.” – “I shall go if I want to.” Note: shall can be replaced by will to weaken the tone of obstinacy.
Asking for instructions or the will of the person addressed	Shall I read? Читать? Shall we have coffee outside? Не попить ли нам кофе на воздухе?

NEED

Compare:

Need (a notional verb) + a noun E.g. He needs a new coat.

Did he really need that journal?

Need (a modal verb) + a notional verb E.g. – Need we do it again?

• You needn’t.

The modal verb need is used both as a regular verb and as a defective one.

Compare the examples:

Need we leave at once?	Do we need to leave at once?
I needn’t have taken my opera glasses: we sat close to the stage.	I didn’t need to take my opera glasses: we sat close to the stage.

Need as a defective verb tends to occur only in interrogative and negative sentences.

Meaning: necessity

E.g. Need we go there? = Do we need to go there?

I’m sure we needn’t come. = I’m sure we don’t need to come.

Mind! Need not + perfect infinitve

= an unnecessary action was carried out

E.g. I needn’t have taken my umbrella. It isn’t going to rain. (=I took my umbrella unnecessarily).

Depending on the context:

needn’t have

Didn’t need =

didn’t have to

E.g. You didn’t need to do the shopping. We have all the necessary things.

(= You needn’t have done the shopping, i.e. you did an unnecessary thing).

I didn’t need to go to school, it was Sunday. (= I didn’t have to go to school, i.e. I didn’t go there.)

DARE

Forms

Present: dare (dare not, do/does not dare)

Past: dared (dared not, did not dare)

Meaning: