References

Main literature

1. С. И. Гарагуля «Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей», Ростов-на-Дону, 2011.

2. Агабекян И.П. Английский для технических ВУЗов Феникс, 2008. Высшее образование. 2011.

Additional literature

3. Русско-казахско-английский словарь архитектурно-строительных терминов (с толкованием на русском языке). 3-й том. – Алматы: КазГАСА, 2012.

4. Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley. Construction I. Buildings. Book I. Express Publishing. 2015. Pаtriziа Cаruzzo. Flаsh on English for Construction. ESP series, 2009.

5. Mаrk Ibbotson. Professionаl English in Use. Technicаl English for professsionаls. Cаmbridge University Press, 2009.

HAND OUT
Discipline: Professional oriented English	Term: fourth
Practical lesson №13	Credits:2
Lexical theme: Metals and metalworking. Terminology standards	Academic year 2016-2017
Teacher: assistant professor Moldabayeva M.K.

Exercise 1. Read the explanation to the materials in the pictures and translate.

1. Suitable where a restraint is required between masonry and in-situ structures. They can be fixed to a range of materials including concrete, steelwork and masonry

2. The adjustable height strap, location tab and speed prongs allow this to be fitted with immense speed and accuracy.

3. Expamet's Mini Mesh angle bead is a thin coat bead made from galvanised steel to provide an excellent key for plaster finishes. It finishes any corner section of plasterboards with a smart looking, strong profile. Sold in 50 lengths per box.

4. Heavy restraint straps for vertical and horizontal restraints when connecting timber floors and roof systems to masonry walls

Exercise 2. Read the text.

Metals

Metals are materials most widely used in industry be­cause of their properties. The study of the production and properties of metals is known as metallurgy. Metal is used as structural framework for larger buildings such as skyscrapers, or as an external surface covering. There are many types of metals used for building.

Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, and is the usual choice for metal structural building materials. It is strong, flexible, and if refined well and/or treated lasts a long time. Corrosion is metal’s prime enemy when it comes to longevity. Iron and steel are the world's cheapest and most useful metals. These hard, durable metals are used in making thousands of products, from paper clips to automobiles. Heating and shaping the metal can greatly change its physical properties. Manufactures use iron alloys in the manufacture of so-called iron products.

Cast iron is any iron alloy that contains from 2 to 4 per cent carbon and from 1 to 3 per cent silicon. Because of its high carbon content, solid cast iron cannot be shaped, no matter how hot it is heated. This kind of iron is made into useful objects by pouring the liquid metal into molds and letting it harden. Cast iron's hardness, low cost, and ability to absorb shocks make it an important construction material.

Steel is produced by refining iron and alloying it with other metals. Steel finds its use in corrugated sheets for roofing, for girders, frames, etc. Various shapes are employed in construction.

Aluminum is the oldest and best known light metal. It is the most plentiful metallic element in the earth's crust and the third most common of all the elements, after oxygen and silicon. But unlike some other metals, such as gold and silver, aluminum is always chemically combined with other elements. Aluminum, with its alloys, has such valuable properties as light weight, strength, corrosion resistance, electrical conduction, heat conduction, light and heat reflection. The world construction industry uses more aluminum than any other metal except iron and steel. It is very suitable for framing members in building and prefabricated housing, for window frames and for the skin of the building in curtain-wall construction. Aluminum is also used in such items as utters, panels, residential roofing, tubes for electric wires.

Other metals used include titanium, chrome, gold, silver. Titanium can be used for structural purposes, but it is much more expensive than steel. Chrome, gold, and silver are used as decoration, because these materials are expensive and lack structural qualities such as tensile strength or hardness.

Heat treatment such as quenching, tempering, or annealing controls the nature of the grains and their size in the metal. Small amounts of other metals (less than 1 per cent) are often added to a pure metal. This is called alloying (легирование) and it changes the grain struc­ture and properties of metals.

All metals can be formed by drawing, rolling, ham­mering and extrusion, but some require hot-working. Metals are subject to metal fatigue and to creep (the slow increase in length under stress) causing deformation and failure. Both effects are taken into account by engineers when designing, for example, airplanes, gas-turbines, and pressure vessels for high-temperature chemical proc­esses. Metals can be worked using machine-tools such as lathe, milling machine, shaper and grinder.

The ways of working a metal depend on its properties. Many metals can be melted and cast in moulds, but spe­cial conditions are required for metals that react with air.

Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences:

1. Metals are materials....

2. Metal is used as ....

3. All metals can be ….

4. Other metals used ….

5. Heat treatment such as ….

6. The ways of working a metal ….

Exercise 4. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of metals as a building material from the text.

Exercise 5. Match the words to their definitions.

Exerciserusting flexibility alloy deterioration lifetime to customise

a a composite metal made by mixing other metals together b the period of time for which a building is expected to last c when a metal becomes reddish brown because of air and water d to change the appearance or characteristics of something according to someone's taste or needs e becoming worse in quality or condition f being bent easily without breaking

Questions for computer based test

Choose the correct answer: The new concrete…….being manufactured may be classified as the benchmark of industry

a pipe

b versatility

c bronze

d shallow fill

Choose the correct answer: non- ferrous are metals whose main component is not……

a iron

b steel

c bronze

d wrought-iron

Choose correct answer: the fibre reinforced polymer bridge deck

a is highly resistant to corrosion and fatigue

b is highly resistant to corrosion

c is highly resistant to fatigue

d fire resistant

Choose the correct answer: What substance were polypropylene fibres mixed with for producing the necessary stability?

a soil

b steel

c bronze

d wrought-iron