Lesson 1 (part A) Healthy Food 1 year 2 term

Eating for Good Health

More and more people today are choosing to take greater responsibility for their own health. We can influence our health with the help of a better diet, more exercise and reduced stress.

Your health and general wellbeing is very much determined by what you eat. Even a minor change in your diet can help to strengthen your resistance to many illnesses.

The body has a built-in alarm signal — hunger — to tell you when your supply of food, the “fuel for the body”, is low. Sometimes this signal asks for specific supplies, for example, sweet things when your body sugar is low or water when you are thirsty.

What many people fail to recognize is that their bodies have more than just one signal. Tiredness, aches and pains, stress, even chronic disease — all these can be indications of a diet that is lacking nutrition.

But we can’t see the results of a bad diet immediately. Often the effects take years to develop.

You are what you eat, and the food you eat effects the way you feel and the way you look all through your life.

Scientists now know that food and its affects are as complex as our own bodies. There are a lot of chemicals, minerals and vitamins found in a single food. Some are potential life-savers or hazards to health. It depends on how much it is consumed over time. So, you should learn how to balance your food intake. Small but well-informed changes to your diet will make a great difference to your wellbeing.

Vocabulary:

responsibility – ответственность wellbeing – самочувствие supply – запас fuel – топливо tiredness – усталость hazard – опасность intake – потребление

to influence – влиять to reduce – уменьшать, сокращать to determine – определять to strengthen – усиливать(ся) to lack – испытывать недостаток to affect – вредить, отрицательно влиять

Answer the questions:

1. How can we influence our health?

2. Do you agree that our health and general wellbeing are determined by what we eat?

3. What alarm signals do our bodies have to indicate that our diet is lacking nutrition?

4. Can we see the results of a bad diet immediately?

5. How does the food we eat affect our life?

6. Why should everyone learn how to balance our food intake?

7. And what about your eating habits? Do you always eat healthy food? Do you often overeat? How many times a day do you usually eat? Can you balance your food intake?

Vocabulary exercises

Exercise 1. Заполните пропуски словами из рамки (используйте каждое слово один раз):

our, as, fruit, minerals, heart, is, food, chips, too, vitamins, for, of

What (1) ___ good food? Is it food that is good (2) ___ you or food that tastes good? Nutritionists say we eat (3)____ with too much salt, too much sugar and (4)___ much oil. They also say that many of (5) ____ serious health problems, such as cancer, diabetes and (6) ____ diseases, are directly affected by diet. Most problem food contains large quantities (7) _____ salt, sugar and oil and very few (8) ____or minerals. That includes food such (9)____ potato (10)____, doughnuts and cookies.

Instead of this “junk” food, nutritionists suggest that we eat more fresh (11)______ and vegetables, which are naturally low in sodium and oil and contain lots of vitamins and (12) _____.

Exercise 2. Разделите названия продуктов питания на две группы: Healthful и Not Healthful. Когда вы справитесь с заданием, напишите названия продуктов, которые вы обычно едите, отметьте их буквами H и NH.

cake dill yogurt cookie sweets apple pie boiled egg soft drink

pear peanuts mineral water potato chips cabbage orange banana celery sliced meat

cheese sandwich tomato juice beer cucumber chocolate bar doughnut carrot popcorn cornflakes

Exercise 3. Read and translate the following tables.

Table А. Содержание питательных веществ в основных продуктах и влияние их на организм человека:

Nutrient	What foods have this nutrient?	What does the nutrient do for you?
Minerals
Iron	Meat, eggs, beans, green vegetables	Helps red blood cells get oxygen.
Calcium	Milk, cheese, peas, beans, green vegetables	Helps build strong bones and teeth
Other substances
Carbohydrates	Cereal, rice, potatoes, sugar, spaghetti, corn, peas, fruits	Helps the body cells get energy
Protein	Meat, fish, chicken, turkey, eggs, milk, cheese, peanut butter, beans	Helps build muscles, bones and teeth. Helps the body make new cells
Fats	Butter, whole milk, oils, margarine, mayonnaise, peanut butter, fatty meat, cheese	Keeps the body warm, gives the body energy

Table В. Количество калорий в разных продуктах питания

Meat Group	Calories	Milk Group	Calories
Egg. boiled, 1 large	82	Cheese, cheddar, 1 oz	113
Fish, fried, 4 oz	250	Milk, skimmed, 1 cup	86
Porkchops, fried, 8 oz	475	Milk, whole, 3.3% fat, 1 cup	150
Turkey, light meat, without skin, roasted, 3 oz	150	Milkshake, 8 oz	300
		Yogurt, fruit varieties, 1 cup	225
		Yogurt, plain, low-fat, 1 cup	138

Calories are used to measure the amount of energy in food. If you take in more calories than your body uses, the extra calories are stored in the form of fat. One pound of body fat is equal to about 3,500 calories. As extra calories are stored over a period, weight is gained. This is important to remember if you are trying to control your weight. The above-mentioned table will help you do it.

Table C. Витамины и их влияние на здоровье человека.

Vitamin	What food has this vitamin?	What is the benefit?
Vitamin A	milk, butter, green vegetables	for our eyes
Vitamin В	the skins of grain of all sorts	for our hair and skin
Vitamin C	lemons, oranges, tomato	for improving our health
Vitamin D	milk, eggs, from sunlight

The vitamins are named by letters of the alphabet.

1. Vitamin A can be stored by the body.

2. Vitamin В cannot be stored. It must be supplied all the time by some of the food we eat.

3. Vitamin C is very important to the body. Without it men’s teeth become loose and their arms and legs weak.

4. There are other vitamins, but these, А, В, C and D, are the most important.

Exercise 4. Read the dialogues, then compose your own.

How to Lose Weight

Jane: Where are you going?

Lucy: I’m going to the Weight Losers club now.

Jane: What are you doing there?

Lucy: I’m trying to lose weight.

Jane: But you are not fat!

Lucy: I have already lost two kilos and I’m very pleased with myself.

Jane: How did you do it?

Lucy: I try to eat the right food.

Jane: What does it mean?

Lucy: I stopped eating cakes, pies and ice cream.

Jane: What are you allowed to eat?

Lucy: A lot of vegetables and fruit, a little boiled meat or fish, no fried potatoes, no chocolate and very little salt.

Caffeine Is Harmful for the Heart

Olga: My mother-in-law drinks such strong tea.

Nina: Why shouldn’t she?

Olga: Because she has heart problems. Caffeine is not recommended for people with heart problems.

Nina: Does tea contain much caffeine?

Olga: Yes, it does. A cup of strong tea contains more than 100 mg of caffeine.

Nina: I think that it is healthier for everybody to drink juices.