Unit 4. Adjectives
A. Formation of Adjectives
B. Word order: Adjective + noun
C. Degrees of comparison
D. Comparative constructions
F ormation of Adjectives
Прилагательные в английском языке образуются при помощи следующих суффиксов:
- able (capable of being) changeable, comparable
- ful (full of) careful, beautiful
- al occasional, central
- ous famous
- ish greenish, bluish
- ive active, effective, talkative
- ic energetic
- ant, - ent different, hesitant
- ible permissible
- i (an) Victorian
- ly friendly
- y rainy, windy
Прилагательные, образованные с помощью префиксов (префикс, добавленный к прилагательному, в основном имеет отрицательное значение):
- un unable, uncertain, unbelievable
- in inaccurate, indirect, informal
- il illiterate, illogical, illegal
- im impossible, impatient, impolite
- dis dishonest, disinterested, disagreeable
- ir irregular, irresponsible, irritate
Прилагательные подразделяются на простые (simple), производные (derivative) и сложные (compound):
-
Simple
Derivative
Compound
good
blue
old
small
smart
beautiful
energetic
glorious
memorable
Scottish
snow–white
kind-hearted
open-minded
good-looking
well-bred
Exercise 1. Form adjectives from the given words using the suffixes.
Model: care – careful – careless
wool – woolen.
Beauty, rain, enjoy, significance, courage, defend, sense, memory, colour, glory, nature, hope, help, truth, insist, protect, impress. |
Exercise 2. Form adjectives from the given ones with the help of the prefixes and translate them.
Student
A: Student B:
Practical, national, possible, legal, complete, logical, perfect, personal, patient, tolerant, significant, secure, distinct, effective, formal, human, convenient. |
Exercise 3. Give the adjectives of the nationalities according to the models (consult a dictionary in case of necessity).
Model: Russia - Russian
England - English
Austria, Argentina, Belarus, Britain, Canada, Egypt, Italy, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Turkey, Spain, Poland, Denmark, Europe, Ukraine, India. |
Exercise 4. Add to the following words suffixes or prefixes to form adjectives
1. In a (stress) situation she has got a (nerve) habit to bite the nails.
2. I like this author’s stories. They are so (humor).
3. This company produced a lot last year. It has been very (product) recently.
4. One can see hundreds of (color) birds in (love) natural surroundings.
5. I can’t imagine where Helen finds all that energy. She is tremendously (energy).
6. Mr. Black, as he sat in his (comfort) chair, looked (differ) to what I told him.
7. This man is very (attract).
8. The coastline is not very (regular) in shape. It is (regular).
9. She has made so many spelling mistakes while typing this letter. She is very (literate).
10. Learn these verbs properly. You don’t know the three forms of the verbs. They are (regular) verbs and must be learnt by heart.
11. Some people think it is (polite) to ask someone’s age.
12. He can’t be relied on. He is a (an) (honest) person.
Exercise 5. Use compound and derivative adjectives in the following sentences.
Student
A: Student B:
1. He helped me a lot.
He is very .
2.Young children depend much on their family.
They are very .
3. The car cost 30 thousand dollars.
It was a .
4. Alexander Medvedz won the world championships five times.
He is .
5. Her baby is 5 months old.
She has a .
6. I don’t live far from the University. It takes me 20 minutes to walk there.
It is a .
7. The road is 20 miles.
It is a .
8. The trip lasted two days.
It was a .
Exercise 6. Complete the chart (use a dictionary in case of necessity).
Verb
|
Adjective |
|||
-able |
-ful |
-ing |
-ent |
|
admire |
|
|
|
|
amuse |
|
|
|
|
bore |
|
|
|
|
boast |
|
|
|
|
cheer |
|
|
|
|
depend |
|
|
|
|
disagree |
|
|
|
|
-
Noun
Adjective
Fun
Fool
Hypocrisy
Greed
Deceit