- •The gerund: grammatical categories and ways of translation
- •Differentiating between the gerund, the verbal noun and participle I
- •Gerundial phrases
- •The gerund as the subject
- •The gerund as the predicate
- •The gerund as a predicative
- •To be to look like to feel like to be like
- •The gerund as part of a compound verbal aspect predicate
- •The gerund as an attribute
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •The gerund as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Manner and Attendant Circumstances
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Concession
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Cause/Reason
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose
- •Gerund as object
- •A. The Gerund as the Direct Object
- •To imagine
- •To advise to allow to permit to forbid to recommend to encourage
- •Task 40. Use infinitives or gerunds to make the following sentences grammatically correct.
The gerund as an attribute
When used as an attribute, the gerund usually modifies abstract nouns.
In this function the gerund is used in its non-perfect form; e.g., reading, or being read; NOT having read
It is always preceded by a preposition, usually ‘of”, e.g.
the art of teaching = what kind of art?;
the habit of smoking = what kind of habit?
There was still a chance (what kind of chance?) of catching the train. = Все еще был шанс успеть на поезд. / Усе ще був шанс встигнути на потяг.
Linda had an impression (what kind of impression?) of being cheated. = У Линды сложилось впечатление, что ее обманули. / У Лінди склалося враження, що її обдурили.
The function of an attribute can also be performed by a gerundial phrase, where the gerund is preceded by a noun in the common or the possessive case or a pronoun in the objective or the possessive case:
|
of |
John John’s him his |
being in Paris was not a very pleasant one. |
= Мысль о том, что Джон / он был в Париже, не была особенно приятной. / Думка про те, що Джон / він був у Парижі, не була особливо приємною.
The gerund used attributively can also be preceded by other prepositions:
-
in at for about to
e.g.
The young poet showed his skill (what kind of skill?) in writing sonnets. = Молодой поэт показал свое умение писать сонеты. / Молодий поет показав своє вміння писати сонети.
Imagine her surprise (what kind of surprise?) at seeing Peter. = Представь ее удивление при виде Питера. / Уяви її подив, коли вона побачила Пітера.
The barometer is an instrument (what kind of instrument?) for measuring air pressure. = Барометр – это инструмент для изменения атмосферного давления. / Барометр – це інструмент для виміру атмосферного тиску.
I have an obsession (what kind of obsession?) about having a car. = У меня есть навязчивая идея иметь машину. / У мене є настирлива ідея мати автівку.
Do you have any objections (what kind of objections?) to working in the sales department? = У вас есть какие-нибудь возражения против того, чтобы работать в отделе продаж? / У вас є які-небудь заперечення проти того, щоб працювати у відділі продажів?
The gerund in the attributive function can also be used with other prepositions commanded by a limited number of nouns to be remembered:
Preposition ‘for’
-
cause
excuse
pretext
ground
motive
reason
talent
gift
genius
reputation
obsession
passion
opportunity
Do you need any pretext for visiting Matilda? = Вам нужен какой-либо повод, чтобы навестить Матильду? / Вам потрібен який-небудь привід, щоб відвідати Матильду?
Your son has a talent for getting into trouble. = У вашего сына талант попадать в переплет. / У вашого сина талант потрапляти в халепу.
Hermann was ruined by his passion for playing cards. = Германна погубила страсть к игре в карты. / Германна згубила пристрасть грати в карти.
