To advise to allow to permit to forbid to recommend to encourage

gerund	infinitive
the verb is a) followed by a nominal element (noun/pronoun in the possessive case) or no nominal element b) used in the active voice	the verb is a) followed by any other nominal element b) used in the passive voice
We don’t allow (anyone’s) smoking on the university premises. = Мы не разрешаем курить на территории университета. / Ми не дозволяемо палити на території університету.	We don’t allow anyone to smoke on the university premises. = Мы никому не разрешаем курить на территории университета. / Ми нікому не дозволяємо палити на території університету. No one is allowed to smoke on the university premises. = Никому не разрешается курить на территории университета. / Нікому не дозволяеться палити на території університету.

TASK 33. Fill in the blanks with the gerunds and/or the infinitives and/or that-clauses used as direct objects.

1. Andy Tucker attempted ___________ (to earn) money by gambling.

2. Avoid ____________ (to waste) so much money on trifles next time.

3. Banks encourage people’s _____________ (to borrow) money.

4. Do you mind ______________ (to go) by taxi?

5. Do you suggest ___________ (to accept) his proposal?

6. Don’t mention my ____________ (to kiss) Ralf to anyone, OK?

7. Don’t risk _____________ (to be expelled) for your absenteeism.

8. Everyone enjoys __________ (to get) presents.

9. Forgive his ___________ (to be) so rude.

10. Franny could not resist ___________ (to eat) a good meal.

11. George practices ______________ (to womanize) on a regular basis.

12. Have you started _____________ (to read) the book yet?

13. Here on the ranch I miss ____________ (to go) to the theatre so much.

14. I appreciate you ____________(to take) the trouble to answer all those letters.

15. I can understand ___________ (to be) late once or twice a week.

16. I can’t stand ______________ (to deal) with dishonesty.

17. I dislike ____________ (to talk) idly.

18. I intended ____________ (to pay) for all the damage done.

19. Imagine all the people ____________ (to live) their life in peace.

20. In winter I often fancy ____________ (to swim) in a warm sea.

21. Jane Eyre’s aunt forbade ____________ (to complain).

22. Jeff Peters proposed ____________ (to found) a new college.

23. Johnny denied ______________ (to be) at Carol’s last evening.

24. Lack of funding has seriously delayed ____________ (to complete) the project.

25. Let’s go ______________ (to shop)!

26. Let’s postpone _______________ (to discuss) this issue.

27. Mary admitted _____________ (to cheat) at the exam.

28. Michael would not even bother _________ (to ask) about his aunt’s health.

29. Most men cannot endure ___________ (to be made) fun of.

30. Mrs Randolf couldn’t bear ___________ (to talk) about her former husband.

31. My boss has permitted ____________ (to take) a longer lunch-break.

32. Pardon me _____________ (to speak) so frankly.

33. Please excuse my _____________ (to be) late.

34. Please finish ____________ (to write) and put down your pens.

35. Richard is always busy _____________ (to argue) with his mother.

36. Robin can’t help ___________ (to be) charming.

37. Students are not allowed _____________.(to use) their phones while writing tests.

38. The students tried to escape ______________ (to resit) their French exam.

39. This experiment involves ______________ (to grow) crystals.

40. Try to prevent Mike’s __________ (to get) into trouble.

41. The plan is worth ___________ (to consider).

42. Vera recollected ___________ (to see) James before.

43. Visitors are advised ______________ (to visit) the botanical gardens with a guide.

44. We detest ___________ (to go) to parties.

45. Why don’t you consider ___________ (to work) abroad for a while?

46. Will you continue ____________ (to attend) these classes?

47. You will never cease _____________ (to amaze) me!

5. The following verbs and expressions can be followed by the direct object expressed either by gerund or by the infinitive with a difference in meaning:

to like to love to prefer to hate
gerund a) abstract activity as such b) British English – enjoyment	infinitive a) practicing from time to time b) American English – enjoyment c) with would like/love/prefer/hate
I like skiing. (as a sport, BrE enjoyment) = Мне нравится кататься на лыжах. / Мені подобається кататися на лижах.	I like to ski in fine weather. (from time to time, AmE enjoyment) = Я люблю покататься на лыжах в хорошую погоду. / Я люблю покататися на лижах, коли погода гарна. Would you like to dance? = Не хотите потанцевать? / Не бажаєте потанцювати?

to regret
gerund refers to the past	infinitive announces current bad news
He regretted talking too frankly. = Он пожалел, что говорил слишком открыто. / Він пожалкував, що говорив занадто відверто.	We regret to inform that you have failed your exam. = С сожалением сообщаем о том, что вы провалили экзамен. / З прикрістю повідомляємо про те, що ви провалили екзамен.

to remember / to forget
gerund refers to the past	infinitive denotes things to do
I will never forget seeing the Queen. = Никогда не забуду, как видел королеву. / Ніколи не забуду, як бачив королеву.	Don’t forget to see Mom off. = Не забудь проводить маму. / Не забудь проводити маму.

to try
gerund experimenting to solve a problem	infinitive making an effort
Ned tried sending her flowers and writing her poems, but she married Sam. = Нед пробовал посылать ей цветы и писать стихи, но она вышла за Сэма. / Нед пробував надсилати їй квіти та писати вірші, але вона вийшла за Сема.	I tried to make breakfast, but burnt the toast. = Я попробовал приготовить завтрак, но пережарил гренок. / Я спробував зготувати сніданок, але пересмажив гренок.

to mean
gerund to mean=to involve	infinitive to mean=to intend
Being a success means working hard. = Быть успешным – значит много работать. / Бути успішним -- значить багато працювати.	I meant to call you, but I forgot. = Я собирался тебе позвонить, но забыл. / Я збирався тобі подзвонити, але забув.

to learn to teach
gerund lessons / subject of study	infinitive result of study; successful learning of a skill
Miranda is teaching/learning typing. = Миранда учит/учится печатать. / Міранда вчить/вчиться друкувати.	Miranda has taught herself/learnt to type. = Миранда научилась печатать./ Міранда навчилася друкувати.

to afford
gerund activity as such	infinitive for a period of time
Philip doesn’t earn much and he can’t afford going out very often. = Филипп зарабатывает немного и не может позволить себе частые развлечения. / Філіп заробляє небагато та не може дозволити собі часті розваги.	Mary can’t afford to go out very often so far, as she is saving to buy a new car. (as soon as Mary buys a car, she’ll be able to afford going out very often) = Мэри не может себе позволить частые развлечения, поскольку она копит деньги на новую машину. / Мері не може собі дозволити часті розваги, оскільки вона заощаджує гроші на нову машину.

TASK 34. Fill in the blanks with the gerunds and/or the infinitives used as direct objects.

1. As soon as I pay off the mortgage, I will be able to afford ______________ (to travel) abroad.

2. At present, Sheila teaches ____________ (to speak).

3. At the moment Jim prefers ______________ (to play) darts.

4. Babies learn _______________ (to speak) by imitating their parents.

5. Being a writer means ________________ (to do) a lot of planning and research.

6. Boy, I forgot ______________ (to cook) dinner!

7. Colin deeply regrets _______________ (to fail) to compromise.

8. Hanna tried _____________ (to unlock) the door, but failed.

9. Have you tried ______________ (to take) Advil for your headache?

10. Henry regretted ___________ (to make) Bethy blush.

11. Hey, have you remembered _____________ (to switch off) the light?

12. How can we forget Jenny _______________ (to be) so kind to us?

13. I did not mean _________________ (to hurt) you; I’m sorry that I’ve made you cry.

14. I hate ______________ (to interrupt), but we must be off.

15. I will always remember _______________ (to visit) him last summer.

16. I would love ______________ (to dance) with you know, but my feet are sore.

17. If you are nervous, try __________ (to knit), it’ll calm you down.

18. In the USA, they would say ‘I love ____________ (to dance),’ rather than ‘____________’ (to dance).

19. It is impossible to learn _____________ (to play) the piano without everyday practice.

20. Learning means _______________ (to open) the doors of your perception.

21. Nelly meant ______________ (to behave) herself, but it was impossible to be a good girl all the time.

22. Nick would hate ____________ (to be) alone.

23. Nina has always preferred ______________ (to work) with books than with people.

24. No one can afford _____________ (to waste) so much time and money on whims.

25. Oliver has taught himself _____________ (to cook) in no time.

26. The company regrets ___________________ (to inform) about starting a new redundancy program.

27. The officer said the airline regretted ________________ (to announce) a further delay.

28. Try _________________ (to sleep), you have a busy day tomorrow.

29. Would you like ____________ (to see) my Gauguin?

30. Ian remembered ______________ (to write) his first book.

TASKS 35-39. Do exercises 12-16 pp. 118-121 in I.P. Krylova An English Grammar Practice Book.