- •The gerund: grammatical categories and ways of translation
- •Differentiating between the gerund, the verbal noun and participle I
- •Gerundial phrases
- •The gerund as the subject
- •The gerund as the predicate
- •The gerund as a predicative
- •To be to look like to feel like to be like
- •The gerund as part of a compound verbal aspect predicate
- •The gerund as an attribute
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •The gerund as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Manner and Attendant Circumstances
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Concession
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Cause/Reason
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose
- •Gerund as object
- •A. The Gerund as the Direct Object
- •To imagine
- •To advise to allow to permit to forbid to recommend to encourage
- •Task 40. Use infinitives or gerunds to make the following sentences grammatically correct.
Gerund as object
The gerund can be used as:
the direct object, e.g. Joan suggested asking her father. = Джоан предложила спросить ее отца. / Джоан запропонувала спитати її батька.
the prepositional indirect object, e.g. I wouldn't dream of working with him. = Я и мечтать не смею о том, чтобы поработать с ним. / Я й не мрію про те, щоб попрацювати з ним.
A. The Gerund as the Direct Object
The gerund is found in the function of the direct object after two adjectives used predicatively: to be busy and to be worth, e.g.
Is it worth buying this expensive printer? = Стоит ли покупать этот дорогой принтер? / Чи варто купувати цей дорогий прінтер?
He was busy packing his suitcase when the taxi arrived. = Он упаковывал чемодан, когда приехало такси. / Він пакував валізу. коли приїхало таксі.
The gerund can be used as the direct object after a number of verbs and phrases. The verbs and phrases given below are followed only by the gerund (the verbs marked with * can also take an objective that-clause).
to admit* to appreciate to consider* to deny* to dread to enjoy |
to dislike/detest/resent/ can’t stand to escape/avoid to excuse/pardon/forgive to fancy / imagine* to finish |
to mean/involve* to mention to mind (=to object)* to postpone/delay/put off to practice to prevent |
to recollect* to resist to risk to miss to suggest* to understand* |
сan’t help |
Beth avoided speaking in public. = Бет старалась не говорить на людях. / Бет унікала розмов на людях.
The man admitted stealing the money. / The man admitted that he had stolen the money. = Мужчина признался в краже денег. /Чоловік визнав, що вкрав гроші.
Do you mind Alice’s joining us? = Ты не против, если Элис присоединится к нам? / Ти не проти, якщо Еліс приєднається до нас?
Jane can’t help telling the truth. = Джейн не могла не сказать правду. / Джейн не могла не сказати правду.
Note: Differentiate between the direct object and the complex object constructions after the verb to imagine:
To imagine
gerund |
infinitive |
direct object |
part of Complex Object |
|
|
Certain verbs can take the direct object expressed both by the gerund or by the infinitive without any change of meaning.
-
to bear (can’t bear) to bother
to endure
to go
to intend
to propose
to attempt
to start
to continue
to cease
I can’t bear having /to have cats in the house. = Не переношу кошек в доме. / Ненавиджу кішок вдома.
He didn’t even bother to invite me. = Он даже не взял на себя труд пригласить меня. / Він навіть на потурбувався запросити мене.
Why bother inviting the old boring me, really? = Зачем приглашать такую старую зануду, как я? / Навіщо запрошувати мене, такого старого та нудного?
He can’t endure being / to be defeated. = Он не выносит поражений. / Він не переносить програшів.
We attempted singing / to sing a carol. = Мы попробовали спеть рождественский гимн. / Ми спробували заспівати різдвяну пісню.
The following verbs can take the direct object expressed both by the gerund or the infinitive WITHOUT any change of meaning, but with the following structural changes: