II. Use of language

Read the text and choose A, B or C to complete each gap 1-8.

ENDANGERED ANIMALS

Half of the animals in the world (1) ____ since 1970 because of uncontrollable human expansion, shocking new figures have shown. A report by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has found that populations of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish have declined (2) ____ average by 52 per cent in the last 40 years. And for freshwater creatures the situation is even (3) ____ , with population collapse of more than three quarters over the same period. Almost the entire decline is down to human activity, (4) ___ habitat loss, deforestation, climate change, over-fishing and hunting. Anyone born in 1970 or before (5) ____ in a world teeming with animals compared to life today. The WWF said the report was a ‘wake-up call’ and urged people to cut down on (6) ____ . “It’s certainly very concerning”, said Mike Barrett, Director of Science and Policy at the WWF, “And if it carries on at the present rate we (7) ___ to loss even more animals. “People in Britain need to realize they are not just impacting their own country. The footprint of western societies (8) ___ in every other part of the world. [http://www.telegraph. co. uk]

	A	B	C
1	disappeared	disappearing	have disappeared
2	on	in	by
3	bleaker	bleakest	the bleakest
4	because	through	under
5	would have lived	would live	will live
6	purchasing	spending	consumption
7	continues	will continue	would continue
8	was seen	is seen	had been seen

III. Writing

You have invited your English-speaking friend to spend Christmas holidays with you in Ukraine. Write an email of 50–60 words including the following points:

• weather in December and January;

• Ukrainian Christmas traditions;

• activities you are going to do

Examination card # 11

I. Reading

Read the text given below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-6). There are two choices you do not need to use.

Yellowstone National Park, 2, 21, 791 acres (899,015 hectares), (1) ______, NW Wyo., extending into Montana and Idaho. It lies mainly on a broad plateau in the Rocky Mts., on the Continental Divide, c. 8,000 ft (2, 440 m ) above sea level, (2) _________ (3,048 – 4, 267 m ) high. The area, a huge craterlike volcanic basin (caldera), is a geological “hot spot” responsible for several massive eruptions, the most recent occurring some 600,000 years ago. The plateau is mostly formed from once-molten lava.

Volcanic activity is evidenced by nearly 10,000 hot springs, 200 geysers, and many vents and mud pots. The more prominent geysers are unequaled in size, power, and variety. Old Faithful, (3) __________ , erupts every 40 to 70 min and shoots c. 11,000 gal (41,640 liters) of water some 150 ft (46 m) high. Mammoth Hot Springs, (4) _______, continues to grow as residue from the mineral-rich water is deposited.

Yellowstone Lake, the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, and waterfalls are notable features on the Yellowstone River, (5) ________. The park has a wide variety of flowers and other plant life. Bears, mountain sheep, elk, bison, moose, many smaller animals, and more than 200 kinds of birds inhabit Yellowstone, which is one of the world’s largest wildlife sanctuaries. Fires in 1988 burned about 36% of the park, (6) ________, as the nutrient influx in the ash nourished the soil.

Residue – залишок, осад

Influx – впадання, втікання

Nourish – годувати

A when it happened

B which crosses the park

C the world’s first national park

D but animal and plant life rebounded quickly

E because nobody visited the place

F surrounded by mountains from 10,000 to 14, 000 ft

G a series of five terraces with reflecting pools

H the best known although not the largest