Index of Case Studies

Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables

acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) 101acoustic neuroma 263acute stress disorder, PTSD differential diagnosis 381adiposis dolorosa see Dercum’s diseaseaffect, inappropriate 440–1affective disorder 86–7classical discontinuity hypothesis 125symptoms 88treatment 87 see also schizoaffective disorderaggressive behaviorAlzheimer’s disease 25–31conduct disorder 145oppositional defiant disorder 145pediatric mania 271, 273schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease 457alcohol abuse 2abstinence goal 251ADHDsymptoms 243–4treatment 245anxiety 246–7and depression 47arson 309denial 243–4, 247–8with depression 241–55and anxiety 47followup 242–7history 241–2outcome 242–7patient intake 242driving under the influence 243electroconvulsive therapy 246–7goals of treatment 251heavy drinking 249–50lack of insight 247–8lying about use 243military service 93–5, 96psychotherapy 244–5psychotic depression 259psychotic sex offender 451–2reduced risk drinking 241, 249–50, 252rehabilitation 243–4relapse 246–7, 309treatment-resistant depression 409–11Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) 243–7Alzheimer’s disease 28–9aggressive behavior 25–31antipsychotic drug treatment 457–9atypical antipsychotics 25, 27–8, 30cardiovascular disease risk 26–8, 457–9elderly man with schizophrenia 457–60history 457–8outcome 458patient intake 457history 25–7management 28–9amphetamineswith MAO inhibitors 113positive urine screen 105–16anorexia nervosa 65anti-parkinsonian drugs with antidepressants 315–22anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs 423anticholinesterase inhibitors 325–7anticonvulsant drugschronic mental illness 237, 239mood stabilizing 441–3antidepressant drugs 1aggressive 300–1with anti-parkinsonian drugs 315–22antihypertensive treatment combination 105–16anxiety disorder treatment in children 351–62bipolar disorder 374response 446brain change attenuation 301, 333indefinite 4, 11low blood levels 323, 338Parkinson’s disease with depression 318personality disorder 441–3schizophrenia prodrome treatment 395treatment-resistant depression 323–4heroic dosing 329–30antipsychotic drugsAlzheimer’s disease patients 457, 459cardiovascular disease risk 26, 27–8, 457–9atypicalaugmentation 409–16complications with diabetes 411–12contraindication in diabetes 409, 415personality disorder 441–3prescribing in children 357–8social and cognitive decline 393–4cholinesterase inhibitor combination 457, 459chronic mental illness 237, 239D2 receptor occupancy 220–1heroic off-label drug use 311–12obesity 213–19pregnancy 343–4response 266schizophrenia prodrome treatment 395second generation atypical 285–6sexual disorders 453–4typical 347–8antisocial personality disorder 238–9, 451–4anxiety/anxiety disorderalcohol abuse 246–7behavioral desensitization 205–6benzodiazepines 405in children 351–62children 351–62outcome and followup 353–7polymorphic disabling 357SSRI prescribing 352–3treatment for normal development 358cognitive behavioral therapy 201–2, 204comorbid ADHD 151, 159deep brain stimulation 52–3diagnosis 352ECT 52elderly woman 291–2followup 204–6generalized anxiety disorder 154, 159, 359history 47–8, 351insomnia 51investigations 50medications 201–8with narcolepsy 47–64outcome 204–6patient intake 352psychiatric evaluation 49, 51, 202, 204, 352–3severe generalized 49side effects of medications 201transcranial magnetic stimulation 52treatment-resistant depression 1–2, 4vagal nerve stimulation 52, 55–6anxiolytics, schizophrenia prodrome treatment 395apathy, SSRI-induced 65–7aphasia, treatment-resistant depression 328–30arm postures, abnormal bizarre 280–3arson 237, 309–13outcome and followup 310–11Asperger’s syndrome 83–4, 392, 394attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 151–65adultsrating scales 161–2screening 163alcohol abuse 243–5cognitive behavioral therapy 136, 156, 159comorbid anxiety 151, 159comorbid oppositional defiant disorder 141, 148, 151diagnosis 135, 160followup 155–9paediatrician 134–9psychiatric 140–1genetic contribution 160, 164girls 133–49history 133, 151–2inattentive type 141, 273insomnia 137, 139misdiagnosis 394with oppositional symptoms 147–8outcome 155–9paediatrician evaluation 134pediatric mania 271, 274prefrontal cortex 146–8psychiatric evaluation 139–40, 154rating scales 142–4adult 161–2screening of adults 163sculpted therapy 142sleep hygiene 137social and cognitive decline 387, 389stimulants 151, 160, 164symptom checklist 161–2vacations 155–6atypical antipsychoticsAlzheimer’s disease 25, 27–8, 30SSRI augmentation 33, 44autism 81–4phenotype 394back injury, military service 93–104back pain, low 417–18, 420–1behavioral desensitization, anxiety disorder 205–6behavioral inhibition, children 359behavioral therapy, outpatient 34Bell’s palsy 263benzodiazepinesanxiety disorder treatment 405in children 351–62augmentation of antipsychotics 309–10clozapine in psychosis 218–21dyskinesia with schizophrenia 282–3efficacy 358panic attacks with depression 401–3high-dose 404–5panic disorder 406paranoid schizophrenia 310prescribing to children 335–6, 351–62dosage 361treatment-resistant psychosis 312biofeedback, chronic pain 420bipolar disorder 16, 73, 79, 117–27, 185antidepressants 374childhood-onset 81–91depression with hypertension 107diagnosis 120–2dichotomous disease model 124family history 352–3followup 85–6forecasting 81–91history 363–4, 446with hypomania 374identifying 446investigations 84mixed state 292–3mood instability 442–3mood stabilizer discontinuation 363–76not otherwise specified (NOS) 185, 190, 198personality disorder symptom overlap 447progression 196psychiatric evaluation 83–5, 364–5psychotherapy 85–6response to antidepressants 446single disease continuum model 125substance-induced mood disorder 375–6subtypes 192symptoms 79, 445treatment-resistant 442unipolar depression differential diagnosis 197bipolar I disorder 185, 198complaint 341diagnosis 119followup 344–8history 341–3outcome 344–8treatment history 342treatment-resistant mania 348–9bipolar I1/2 disorder 192bipolar II disorder 185, 198, 258bipolar II1/2 disorder 187–8, 193bipolar III disorder 187–8, 193bipolar III1/2 disorder 194bipolar IV disorder 194bipolar V disorder 195bipolar VI disorder 195bipolar spectrum 192, 444bipolar spectrum disorder 258, 265birth control pills 438–40bladder cancer 363–4brain changesin chronic pain 430in depression 301, 333 see also traumatic brain injury (TBI)breast cancer, cognitive dysfunction following chemotherapy 223–36breastfeeding, contraindication 345–7cancerdepressive episode 363panic in cancer survivor 401–7recurrent depression in elderly patient 296–8cannabis see marijuanaCapgras syndrome 211, 215–16cardiovascular diseaseantipsychotic drugs in Alzheimer’s disease 26–8, 457–9depression 1–4, 5riskwith clozapine 214–15, 218–19with mood stabilizers 374with pimozide 180with valproate 364–5with venlafaxine 328, 330transcranial magnetic stimulation 264, 267cataplexy, diagnostic measures 61catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) 391, 398, 399chaos 237–40chemobrain 223–36controversial concept 227–8, 233–4definition 232diagnosis 224executive dysfunction 231followup 224incidence 230–1investigations 224psychiatric evaluation 223–4specific cognitive defects 232chemotherapy for breast cancer, cognitive dysfunction 223–36childhood-onset disorders 81–91followup 85–6history 81–2investigations 84psychiatric evaluation 83–5psychotherapy 85–6childrenanxiety disorder treatment 351–62atypical antipsychotic drug prescribing 357–8behavioral inhibition 359benzodiazepine prescribing 335–6, 353, 357–8dosage 361generalized anxiety disorder 359pediatric mania 271–5separation anxiety disorder 360SSRI prescribing 352–3, 357–8suicide monitoring 354, 357–8 see also attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)cholinesterase inhibitors 457–8combination with antipsychotics 457–9classical discontinuity hypothesis 125cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 18, 34, 404–5ADHD 136, 156, 159anxiety 201–2, 204chronic pain 420obsessive–compulsive disorder 36–41post-traumatic stress disorder 99psychotic disorder 18–19cognitive decline 387–400diagnosis 392followup 391–4history 387–9investigations 389–90neurological evaluation/neuropsychological testing 389–90outcome 391–4patient intake 390psychiatric evaluation 391cognitive dysfunction following chemotherapy for breast cancer see chemobraincognitive dysfunction following head injury 167–74depression 168–9followup 172history 167–74outcome 172cognitive function, schizophrenia 387cognitive restructuring therapy 100colon cancer 297combat experience, decompression 378conduct disorder 133, 148features 145pediatric mania 274confusion, psychotic depression 257–8, 261continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), obstructive sleep apnea 419creatinine clearance, drug-induced renal changes 296–8criminal responsibility, insanity 237, 309Crohn’s disease 71cyclothymia with superimposed major depression 187–8cyclothymic temperament 444cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes 204, 327, 332, 338daytime sleepiness 50–1, 59deep brain stimulation (DBS) 38, 40–1, 326–7anxiety 52–3treatment-resistant depression 47, 62, 325–6, 413delusional disorderdifferential diagnosis 175–83DSM IV 179family members with schizophrenia 178followup 177–8history 175–6ICD 10 179outcome 177–8psychiatric evaluation 176–7delusions 175–83psychosis 209–22history 210–11schizophrenia 283–4substance abuse 209dementiaearly 292–3treatment-resistant depression 325–6depressionwith alcohol abuse 241–55followup 242–7history 241–2outcome 242–7patient intake 242asymptomatic recovery 302–3brain changes 12, 301, 333cognitive dysfunction following head injury 167–74diabetes 409–10double 187–8followup 188–90history 185–6, 187, 437–9hypersomnia 51hypertensive patient 105–16outcome 109–11psychiatric evaluation 105–16, 107, 109indefinite treatment of recurrent 190kindling hypothesis 304, 335–6major 1–13, 47–8, 69–80, 196with cyclothymia 187–8cyclothymic 444outcome prediction 334progressive 305, 335–6recurrent 190relapse 306, 337remission 305, 336–7unipolar with anxiety 292–3major depressive episodes 334–5mood fluctuation 437–9diagnosis 439–40psychiatric evaluation 440–2outcome 188–90prediction 302–3, 334parkinsonism fluctuation 320Parkinson’s disease 316, 318postpartum 2progression 304psychiatric evaluation 187–8psychotic 257–70followup 260–4history 257–9outcome 260–4psychiatric evaluation 258recurrent in elderly woman 291–307contact reestablishment 298–9diagnosis 292–3followup 294–8history 291–2outcome 294–8, 302–3psychiatric evaluation 293–4quality of life 299sustained remission 299relapsemultiple 300prevention 191remission 301residual symptoms 302–3, 334schizoaffective disorder 15–16suicide 16, 186treatment 406, 410treatment-resistant 1–13, 323–40anxiety with narcolepsy 47–64atypical antipsychotics 409–16case debrief 6–7experimental protocols 325–6followup 328–30, 411–13history 323–4, 409–10initial psychiatric evaluation 4interim followups 5–6investigations 325–6outcome 328–30, 411–13patient intake 410psychiatric evaluation 325–6, 410–11psychiatric history 1–4treatments 47, 62–3unipolar 185, 187–8, 440–1with anxiety 292–3bipolar depression differential diagnosis 197incidence 198major 49unstable 185–99vagal nerve stimulation 55–6 see also bipolar disorderdepressive recurrent unipolar disorders, major 49Dercum’s disease 417–21features 430diabetesatypical antipsychoticcomplications 411–12contraindication 409, 415clozapine side effect 212depression 409–10prediabetes complication of antipsychotics 217schizophrenia treatment risks 392valproate associated 363 see also hyperglycemic hyperosmotic syndrome (HHS)diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 411–12, 414dichotomous disease model 124disability litigation 425–6dissociative states 440–1dopamineneurotransmission enhancement 167, 173–4overactivity 90sensitivity 318–20dopamine D1 receptors, stimulation 274dopamine D2 receptors 130–1, 177–8blockade 218–19, 274, 279–80paranoid schizophrenia 310–11maladaptive effects of antipsychotics 286nigrostriatal pathway 287–8occupancy for antipsychotics 220–1driving under the influence 243drug dependence therapy, psychotic disorder 18–19drug metabolism, abnormal 204drug overdose, anxiety and depression 47dyskinesia 277–89with bupropion therapy 260dopamine agonist-induced 321finger 281history 277–9, 280neuropsychological evaluation 283–4outcome 283–4prodopaminergic agent-induced 321psychiatric evaluation 280–3tongue 318–19worsening 279–80 see also tardive dyskinesiadyslipidemia 16, 212complications of antipsychotics 217psychotic sex offender 452–3schizophrenia treatment risks 392dystonia 284–5tardive 281, 284–6dopamine D2 receptor blockade 288eating disorders, numbness 65elderly patientsfalls 295–6recurrent depression 291–307schizophrenia with Alzheimer’s disease 457–60electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)alcohol abuse 246–7anxiety 52aphasia 329–30bipolar I disorder 342delusions 210depression with diabetes 410psychotic depression 258–9, 262response to treatment 323–4schizoaffective disorder 212treatment-resistant depression 328electroencephalogram (EEG), referenced for treatment-resistant depression 325–6, 326epidural blocks, chronic pain 417–18Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) 59executive dysfunction, chemobrain 231exposure therapy, post-traumatic stress disorder 99extrapyramidal symptomsacute 286drug induced 278–86reversible 285–6eye movement desensitization and reprocessing 100falls, elderly patient 295–6fibromyalgia 419–21, 430fluctuating illness 88forensic patientsarson 309elderly man with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease 457psychosis 129, 237psychotic sex offender 452gambling, internet 246–7gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) 169generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) 154child 359comorbid ADHD 159comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder 352–3genetic testingdepression 331Huntington’s disease 281schizophrenia 83–4, 87–8, 391, 395genotyping, treatment-resistant depression 327, 332Glasgow Coma Scale 382glutamate, treatment-resistant depression 333grandiosity, psychotic sex offender 451–5Gurdjieff, George 424–5hallucinations 175, 181auditory 237, 309, 452–3command 237psychotic depression 261–2head injury, cognitive dysfunction 167–74heavy drinking 249–50 see also alcohol abuseherbal remedies 424–5hip fracture, elderly patient 295–6histrionic personality disorder 71, 79, 440–1homicide 129Huntington’s disease 281, 283–5hypercholesterolemia, chronic pain patient 418–19hyperglycemic hyperosmotic syndrome (HHS) 411–13warning signs/symptoms 414hypersomnia 51diagnostic measures 61primary 60hypertensioncontraindications 116depression treatment 105–16MAOIs 112potentially lethal combos 10, 114hyperthermia, MAOI potentially lethal combos 10, 114hypomania 368–74bipolar disorder 374ideas of reference 237, 309immunosuppressants 424–5impulsivity 238–9insanity, criminal responsibility 237, 309insomniaADHD 137, 139anxiety 51cognitive dysfunction following head injury 172mania 347–8, 366–7Parkinson’s disease 316International Classification of Sleep Disorders 57jail sentence, driving under the influence 243Kabatt-Zinn, Jon 424–5kindling hypothesis 304, 335–6Kraepelinian model 124Kraepelinian outcome 81–91Landau Kleffner syndrome 388–9laxatives, abuse 65learning disability 389–90social and cognitive decline 389leg pain 417–18, 420–1Lewy body dementia 29lipomas, multiple painful subcutaneous 417, 419–21, 430low back pain 417–18, 420–1lumbar disc disease, degenerative 417–21lung cancer 298major depressive episodes (MDEs) 334–5maniaadult onset 271, 275antidepressant-induced 363–76followup 344–8insomnia 347–8management 341–3outcome 344–8pediatric 271–5diagnosis 273history 271–2psychiatric evaluation 272–4persistence 345–7postpartumrecurrence risk 345treatment 345–7pregnancy 343–4prevention 443psychiatric evaluation 364–5psychotic break 118psychotic depression 257–8, 261psychotic sex offender 451–5recurrence 367–9treatment history 342treatment-resistant 348–9marijuanadepression with mood fluctuations 439–40medical 426–7psychotic disorder 17–18, 21–2memory loss see chemobrainmeningitis 389–90mental illness, chronic 237–40outcome 238mentally disordered offender, psychotic sex offender 452methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 391, 399military service 93–104history 93–5psychiatric disorder incidence 93psychiatric evaluation 95–7psychological risk 97–8traumatic brain injury 377–85monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes 8, 113monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 7–11with amphetamine actions 8, 113with amphetamines 113approved 8, 113depression with diabetes 410hypertension 112, 116potentially lethal combos 10, 114treatment-resistant depression 63tyramine dietary modifications 8, 114mood disorder 69–80, 437–49mixed psychotic disorder 453–4outcome 77personality disordercomparison 79, 447differential diagnosis 79prevalence 196, 445psychiatric evaluation 72–4substance-induced 374–6symptoms 79, 81mood instability 440–1, 443mood stabilizerscardiovascular disease risk 374discontinuation 363–76mania treatment 364obesity 341–9motivational interviewing 101movement disordersdrug-induced 277, 280–3Parkinson’s disease 321permanent 284–5presymptomatic 320primary 320rapid onset 285–6 see also dyskinesia; dystonia; tardive dyskinesiamTOR pathway 333multiple medical conditionschronic pain patient 417–35recurrent depression 299–301multiple sleep latency test 57–8, 61narcissistic personality disorder 71, 79narcolepsy 47–64classification 57diagnostic measures 61features 57–8investigations 50neuropsychological functioning, ultra high risk of psychosis 89neurostimulation therapies see deep brain stimulation (DBS); electroconvulsive therapy (ECT); transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); vagal nerve stimulation (VNS)nigrostriatal pathway 286–8non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 401, 405noncompliance, drug blood levels 338norepinephrine 9neurotransmission enhancement 167, 173–4numbness 65–7eating disorders/substance abuse 65nutritional supplements 424–5obesity 16chronic pain patient 418–19clozapine side effect 212–19mood stabilizers 341–9, 366–7psychotic sex offender 452–3obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) 33–45cognitive behavioral therapy 38–41comorbid delusional disorder 178comorbid generalized anxiety disorder 352–3deep brain stimulation 38, 40–1delusional disorder differential diagnosis 180differential diagnosis 175–83evidence-based treatments 33, 44history 33–5initial evaluation 36outcome 37–40serotonergic antidepressants 41, 42–3severity improvement 43social and cognitive decline 387obstructive sleep apnea 57, 61, 167chronic pain patient 418–20CPAP use 419oculogyric crisis 279, 288omega 3 fatty acids, schizophrenia prodrome treatment 395opiatesavoidance of real issues 427–8chronic pain treatment 417–35dependence 422–3, 428detoxification program 421–2, 426–7dosage 420escalating 427–8reduction 422–3, 425–6overdose 422–3, 427somatoform disorders 428oppositional behavior 271oppositional defiant disorder 133, 273–4comorbid ADHD 141, 148, 151diagnosis 135features 145psychiatric evaluation 139–40oppositional symptoms 133with ADHD 147–8, 148history 133paediatrician evaluation 134oral contraceptives see birth control pillsP450 drug metabolizing system see cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymespain, chronic 417–35brain changes 430cause 417, 430epidural blocks 417–18followup 420–7history 417–19leg 417–18lipomas 417low back 417–18outcome 420–7patient intake 417psychiatric evaluation 419pain disorder 419–20somatoform 419, 429panic attackscancer survivor 401–7followup 403–5history 401–2outcome 403–5patient intake 402psychiatric evaluation 402panic disorder, benzodiazepines 406paraphilia 453–4parkinsonism 315–22antipsychotic-induced 291, 293–8, 300reversal 306atypical 317falls 295–6fluctuation with depression 320psychomotor retardation 318–19reversible 320Parkinson’s disease 292–8, 315–22depression 318falls 295–6followup 316movement disorders 321outcome 316psychiatric evaluation 316periodic limb movements 57 see also restless legs syndromepersecutory ideation 237, 309persistent post-concussive syndrome (PPCS) 383PTSD differential diagnosis 377, 384traumatic brain injury overlap 384personality disorder 69–80, 437–49diagnosis 439–40mood disordercomparison 79, 447differential diagnosis 79mood symptoms 437, 447outcome 77polymorphic mixed 440–1prognosis 441psychiatric evaluation 72–4symptoms 79pervasive developmental disorder 394pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic failure 338phenotyping, treatment-resistant depression 327pituitary adenoma 421–2polypharmacy 239polysubstance abuse 237post-concussive syndrome 377–85PTSD differential diagnosis 377, 384post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 238–9, 377–85acute stress disorder differential diagnosis 381military service 90post-concussive syndrome differential diagnosis 377, 384premorbid childhood onset 237psychopharmacologic options 102psychotherapy options 98–101risk 97–8traumatic brain injury co-occurrence 383postpartum depression 2postpartum period 345mania treatment 345–7prediabetes, complications of antipsychotics 217prefrontal cortexADHD 146–8head injury 173pregnancyantipsychotic drugs 343–4mania 343–4prodromes 90psychoanalysis 72psychomotor retardation 318–20psychosis 117–27behavioral control in uncooperative patient 309–13classical discontinuity hypothesis 125delusions 209–22depression 257–70dichotomous disease model 124dyskinesia 277–9long-term 237, 238malignant 130–1mood disorder 453–4neurocognitive deficits 89outcome 212partial symptom control on clozapine 129–32patient intake 211prodrome 90psychiatric evaluation 212sex offender 451–5followup 452–3history 452outcome 452–3patient intake 451–2single disease continuum model 125substance abuse 209treatment-resistant 209–22, 309, 312, 451, 454ultra high risk 89, 392, 396psychotherapyADHD 139–40alcohol abuse 244–5bipolar disorder 85–6childhood-onset disorders 85–6chronic pain 422–3, 426–7insight oriented 420mood disorder 72mood instability 443opiate dependence 422–3oppositional defiant disorder 139–40personality disorder 441–3post-traumatic stress disorder 98–101refusal by alcoholic 243–4schizophrenia 85–6psychotic disorder spectrum, symptoms 81psychotic illness 15–23case debrief 18followup visits 18–19history 15–16negative symptoms 20–1patient intake 16quality of life, recurrent depression in elderly woman 299rapamycin (mTOR) pathway 333reduced risk drinking 241, 249–50, 252rehabilitation, alcohol abuse 243–4restless legs syndrome 50–1, 57, 316diagnostic features 60with obstructive sleep apnea 167rheumatoid arthritis 421–5schizoaffective disorder 15–16, 117–27bipolar type 451–2classical discontinuity hypothesis 125diagnosis 119–23dichotomous disease model 124followup 121long-term 237outcome 121, 212single disease continuum model 125substance abuse 212treatment 120treatment resistant 118unremitting psychosis 118schizoid personality disorder 394schizophrenia 15–16, 117–27childhood-onset 81–91classical discontinuity hypothesis 125clinical course 397cognitive function 387, 399diagnosis 119–22dichotomous disease model 124differential diagnosis 175–83disorganized type 129dyskinesia 278, 280–3elderly man with Alzheimer’s disease 457–60history 457–8outcome 458patient intake 457executive functioning 399family members 178followup 85–6forecasting 81–91genetics 391, 396history 129–30investigations 84neurocognitive deficits 89neurodegenerative basis 397outcome 130, 283–4paranoid 309followup 310–11heroic off-label drug use 311–12history 310outcome 310–11treatment 310, 312prodrome 90, 391–4treatment 392, 394–5psychiatric evaluation 83–4, 85psychotherapy 85–6psychotic break 117risks of treatment 392single disease continuum model 125susceptibility genes 396treatment 120schizotypal personality disorder 179–81sedation, schizophrenia treatment risks 392seeking safety therapy 101selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)apathy 65–7chronic pain 418depression with diabetes 410efficacy 358panic attacks with depression 401prescribing to children 352–3, 357–8suicide monitoring 354, 357–8self mutilatory behavior 237–8, 437–40personality disorder 440–1separation anxiety disorder 360serotonergic antidepressants, obsessive–compulsive disorder 41–3serotonin syndrome, MAOI potentially lethal combos 10, 114sex offender, psychotic 451–5followup 452–3history 452outcome 452–3patient intake 451–2sexual disorder 453–4sexual dysfunction, antidepressant-induced 3, 7single disease continuum model 125single photon emission tomography (SPECT), treatment-resistant depression 327sleep disordersclassification 57Epworth Sleepiness Scale 59multiple sleep latency test 58psychiatric disorder overlap 61 see also obstructive sleep apneasleep hygiene, ADHD 137social anxiety 352–3, 410–11social decline 387–400diagnosis 392followup 391–4history 387–9investigations 389–90neurological evaluation/neuropsychological testing 389–90outcome 391–4patient intake 390psychiatric evaluation 391somatization disorder 419–20, 430somatoform disorders 419–20, 425–6, 428–9spending, excessive 367, 369–74stimulants, ADHD with comorbid anxiety 151, 160, 164stress inoculation training, post-traumatic stress disorder 100substance abusealcohol abuse relapse 246–7amphetamines 105–16denial 247–8lack of insight 247–8lying about 243, 245–6marijuana smoking 439mood disorder 374numbness 65psychosis with delusions 209psychotic disorder 17psychotic sex offender 451–2schizoaffective disorder 212treatment-resistant depression 409–11 see also alcohol abusesuicide/suicidal ideationalcoholism with depression 242depression 16, 186with mood fluctuations 438monitoring in child on SSRIs 354, 357–8opiate overdose 427paranoid schizophrenia 309psychotic depression 260, 265treatment-resistant depression 410, 412warnings of risk 357–8symptom fluctuation 88tardive dyskinesia 261–2, 281, 284–6chronic 286dopamine D2 receptors 287–8blockade 288improvement 286irreversible 285–6schizophrenia treatment risks 392tardive dystonia 281, 284–6dopamine D2 receptor blockade 288therapeutic drug monitoringantidepressants 300, 325–6, 328, 330–1tinnitus, painful 417, 420–1torticollis 284–5drug-induced 280–4transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)anxiety 52mechanism of action 267protocol 268repetitive 266–8responsive psychotic depression 257, 262–5, 266–8results 267side effects 264, 267treatment-resistant depression 47, 62, 326traumatic brain injury (TBI) 377–85balance loss 378–80cognitive dysfunction 167–74definition 382followup 378–80history 377–8incomplete recovery 169–71outcome 378–80persistent post-concussive syndrome 383–4psychiatric evaluation 378PTSDco-occurrence 383post-concussive syndrome differential diagnosis 377, 384vestibular symptoms 378–80tyramine 8–9, 116dietary modifications 8, 114vagal nerve stimulation (VNS)anxiety 52, 55–6depression 55–6treatment-resistant depression 47, 62–3, 412war zone, decompression 378weight gainchronic pain patient 421–2mood stabilizers 341–9, 366–7olanzapine 341–9schizophrenia treatment risks 392valproate associated 363 see also obesityweight loss, mood stabilizer regime modification 366–7wrist pain, bilateral 421–3