Agriculture I – exam (2015/2016 academic year)

вариант А

2) The main group of crops under irrigation in CZ: возможно 2 варианта - cereals

- vegetables

3) The most widespread seedy oil crop worldwide is:

-triticale

4)main contemporary agricultural systems are:

-intensive (conventional) agriculture

-sustainable agriculture

14) Soil origin is:

-Sedimentary

-Volcanic

15) Chlorophyll:

- absorbs red and blue

-transmits and reflects green ????

17) in agriculture can be used:

-Predators, parasitoid, pathogens

16)Main soil sources pf potentially toxic elements:

-sewage sludge

18) As a source of poppy alcaloids for pharmaceutical industry is used:

- Empty dry poppyhead with upper part of stem

20) Root chicory is important sours of:

-inulin

21) To the root crops doesn`t belong:

-oilseed rape

31) Oil flax is characteristic by:

-long stem with rich branching

32) Conservation tillage includes:

-no-tillage

-mulch tillage

33) Mark shallow rooting crops:

-flax

-potatoes

34) Soil phases are:

-liquid

-solid

-fluid ?? переводит тоже как «жидкий»

42) Sorghum is tolerant:

-to acidic soils

- to salinity

43) Which chemicals are used in mites man.

- Acaricides

44) What does it mean – physical wheathering :

-Use of differing forces

- Use of different microarg.

Use of frost

45) spelt wheat and emmer wheat

- High content of essential amino-acids in grain

46) Annual weed species reproduces:

- vegetatively

48) Soil is:

- thin layer of Earth surface

-heterogenic organic and inorganic material …..

49) A symbiotic (mutualistic) association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant is:

- mycorrhiza

-mutualism

Вариант B

1)The compounds of soil organic matter are:

-microorganisms

-fulvic acids

2) Abiotic factors of the environment are:

-temperature

-salinity

3)The largest contiguous areas of high irrigation density are found:

- In Northern India and Pakistan along the Ganges and Indus rivers

- Along the Nile river in Egypt and Sudan

4) The main purposes of plant grouth are:

-aesthetical influence

-water reservoir protection

5) Two main ways how soil originates are:

-by sedimentation of solid material

-by volcanic activity

14)As a source of poppy alkaloids for pharmaceutic industry is used:

-empty dry poppy..

15)Mark infectious agents of plant damages:

- funghi

- bacteria

16) Keeping land in good agriculture and environment conditions is directly related to issues such as:

-air pollution

-soil erosion

20) Source of pathogens are: - Manure, slurry, sewage sludge

21) Most economies of the developing world are predominantly:

- agrarian

31) Plants nutrient are:

-fertilizers

- essential elements for plants growth

-decomposition of organic matter

32) Concentration of nutrients in liquid phase decreases due to:

-irrigation by potable water 33) Which group of crops is fertilized by organic manures at most?

-Root crops

34) Crop pests include:

-insect

36) Vernalization is:

-internal process induced by cold temperature

-important for induction of flowering

37) Climate is

-the weather averaged…

-all abiotic factors of the environment detected in larger area

Вариант С

1)Solar radiation is?

-energy emitted from the sun surface

-unevenly distributed throughout the world

2)Liquid phase (soil silution) contains:

-elevated amounts of sulphates and low amounts of phosphates

-usually low amount of phosphates and high amounts of calcium

3)GAEC

-soil erosion, soil organic matter, soil structure

-protection and management of water

4)Ultraviolet radiation:

-in high doses is harmful to plant tissues

-is involved in inactivation of sterm elongation

5)Signs of nutrient deficiency in plants can be recognized by:

-leaves colour changes;

-nutrient deficiency is determined only by chemical analysis

6)Flooding occurs when:

-large volume of rain falls over a short period of time

-rain can not be absorbed by soil

7)Soil is formed as:

-several layers in the profile

8)Which are main factors of soil fertility:

-sufficient level of soil pH

-water retention in soil

9)Visible range of solar radiation is represented by wavelengths:

-400-700 nm

10)How can you describe the importance of water:

-as an universal solvent due to hydrogen bonds and its polarity

-as a source of organic compounds for plants

11)Chloroplast is:

- an organelle, where photosynthesis proceeds

12)Rhizosphere is:

-thin layer of the soil surrounding plant roots

13)Agricultural production areas in the Czech Republic are:

-maize, beet, cereal, potatoes and folder crops

14)a,b

15)a,b

16)Main persistent organic pollutions are:

-biphenyls, polyaromates, a…, di… c)

17)Winter cereal crops with the highest frost resistance is:

-rye

18)Soya (soybean) is cultivated for production of:

- oil and protein

19)Soil is possibly described by:

-soil characteristic;

-soil units

20)Biological control of weeds:

-involves using the bioagent to suppress an unwanted species;

-uses insects and pathogens

21)The most suitable forecrops (preceding crops)for sugar beet are:

-winter cereals

22) We find fluvisol:

-along rivers

23)To the possibilities of winter wheat cereals damage during the winter period doesn’t belong:

-disease of ears… d)

24)In terrestrial ecosystems, the highest primary productivity can be found in:

-tropical zone

25)Potatoes of the cooking type A are:

-tallowish, solid cooking consistence

26)The toxic elements foe plants are:

-Cd, Pb, As

27)PAR

-has greatest importance in agroecosystems;

-depends on local climatic conditions

28)Achenes as an oil source have:

-cotton;

-sunflower

29)The main nutrient losses are:

-transport of mobile nutrients through the soil profile out of root zone;

-evaporation or volatilization of nutrient compounds to the atmosphere

30)The most widespread cereal crops in Europe are:

-wheat and barley

31)Principal tool used in conventional tillage:

-plough

32)During the heat:

-the rate of respiration is rising

33)The organic fertilizers are:

-manure;

-compost

34)Three-field cropping system means that:

-fields were split into thirds;

-one third was planted with winter, second with spring cereals and third one was left fallow

35)Which crops leave high amount of residues on the field after harvest?

-alfalfa;

-red clover

36)Which chemicals are used in weed management?

-herbicides

37)Main infectious agents – plan pathogens are:

-viruses, bacteria, funghi

38)Slurry is:

-partly fermented liquid and solid excrements of livestock

39)The main group of crops under irrigation in CZ:

-vegetables

40)To the turner crops doesn’t belong:

-topinambour

41)Which type of tillage provides better protection against soil erosion:

-conservation tillage

42)Spelt wheat and emmer wheat are characteristic..

-higher content of essential amino-accids;

-lower content of fat in grain

43)Advantages of mineral fertilizers are:

-contetnt of microorganisms;

-there are no advantages of using inorganic fertilizers

44)Selectivie herbicide:

-control specific targets;

-can’t be used in all crops

45)Photosynthetic processes is responsible for:

-carbohydrate synthesis

46)When we speak about acid substance, the pH value of this substance....

-0-6,9

47)Cereals are:

-wheat, barley, oat and maize

-rye, oat,millet and sorghum

48)Sugar beet doesn’prefer:

-lighter, sandy soils

49)Low input agricultural is based on:

-low care about environment;

-low care about quality of products

50)Rhizobia are able to:

-symbiotically assimilate N2

Вариант D

2) Soil fertility is not given by:

-air pollution

7) The main plant nutrients are:

-N, P, K

8)main difficulties related to potentially toxic elements in soil are:

-easy decomposition and volatilization

9)Phytoremediation of contaminants means:

-use of plants foe removal of environmental pollutants or to make them harmless

13)Plants predominantly take up nitrogen as:

-NO₃^-

15)Spring barley:

-can be used for malting

16)Vodka is produced from:

-rye

21)Sugar cane Is:

-perennial grass

25)The best cereal crops for production of starch and bioethanol are:

-wheat

26)The warmest region of the CZ is represented by:

-potatoes production area

27)To the root crops don’t belong:

-batatas

30)Functions of stubble tillage are:

-incorporation of crop residues

-interruption of water capillary flow

31)Plant oil is:

-mixture of fatty acids and glycerol

35)Weathering process can be divided into:

-physical weathering

-chemical weathering

36)Non-selective herbicide:

-is toxic to all plants

-controls wide weed species spectrum

37)Ploughing is:

-basic tool in conventional tillage

-high energy and time consuming

46)The toxic elements for plants are:

-Cd, Pb, As

48)Deep rooting crop is:

-alfalfa