VIII. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста. Используйте фразы: It is right. It is wrong.

Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. The steam engine is the most powerful one, and it is widely used nowadays. 2. Water wheels were used for irrigating fields. 3. Internal combustion engines are very economical and do not need fuel to function. 4. The very first locomotive was powered by the steam engine. 5. Windpowered engines played a very important part in the history of transport.

6. In an internal combustion engine, there is a furnace and a boiler.

7. An internal combustion engine is smaller and lighter than a steam engine. 8. Internal combustion engines are used in airplanes. 9. Jet engines are made of a very resistant metal. 10. A jet engine does not have a boiler.

Вариант 3

1. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление окончания -s.

1. The first Stephenson’s steam locomotive is demonstrated now in the London Museum.

2. Heathrow, London’s major airport was opened in 1929 as a small base for airline tests.

3. Almost 500 million vehicles fill the world’s roads nowadays.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление оборота there + to be

1. We missed the last train and tried to get tickets for the morning train but there were no tickets available in the booking office.

2. In the USA, there is a special discount for those passengers who buy round-trip ticket.

3. There are road works in the center streets of the city that is why long jams are expected.

3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в действительном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

1. This train will proceed to its destination without any stops.

2. The invention of the steam engine started the industrial revolution.

3. The top speed of the first steam locomotive was thirteen miles per hour.

4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в страдательном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

1. Our flight will be delayed because of the strike of air-traffic controllers.

2. New plastic and synthetic materials are widely used for the interior and exterior finishes of the cars.

3. The freight turnover was reduced because of a considerable increase of transportation cost.

5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление прилагательных в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Подчеркните прилагательные в английских предложениях и укажите степень сравнения.

1. In Australia, the traffic is heavier during the winter months, when many tourists travel in passenger trains.

2. Statistically, it is safer to travel by air than to drive a car.

3. It is much more convenient to travel by express train because it does not stop at small stations, and it takes you less time to get to your destination.

6. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.

1. This road is (bad) I have ever traveled over.

2. The first steam locomotive the “Roket” was much (small) and (light) than modern locomotive.

3. The Pan-American Highway is (long) in the world.

7. Перепишите и переведите текст.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE LONDON UNDERGROUND.

The underground railways as a kind of city transport appeared in the second half of the 19^th century. The first underground system was proposed by Charles Pearson in 1843. Twenty years later the first line of the London Underground was opened for traffic. Its length was almost four miles. On that first historic day, 30,000 Londoners made the first underground railway travel in the world.

In the early days, the trains were driven by steam locomotives, which burnt coal, filling the tunnels with smoke. It is said that the train staff and porters asked for a permission to grow beards and moustaches – as an early form of smog mask. The tunnels of the first underground were made as small as possible in order to reduce the construction costs. The coaches themselves were small and narrow.

According to Pearson’s project, all lines were laid down close to the ground surface. The deep tunneling came later, in 1890. Constructing the tunnel through miles of clay, sand and gravel is no easy task, and it was James Henry Greathead who developed the method, which made the construction of most London tunnels possible. One of the longest continuous tunnels in the world is the 17½-mile tunnel on the Northern line. The first escalator was also installed in the London Underground in 1911.

During the World War II, the London Underground served as a shelter for thousands of Londoners. Many British Museum treasures spent the war in the tunnels of the underground. The railways were prepared for any emergency that might occur. They had duplicate control systems, repair groups, duplicate power supply and so on. To minimize the danger of flooding the underground near the Thames, isolating doors were built in the tunnels. All the trains were equipped with special reduced lighting for using on open sections of track.

Nowadays the London Underground is the most popular means of city transport. Its length is about 300 km and it has 273 stations.