38. The subjects, the sources (channels) and forms of material feeding.

41.The concept of information and its types and factors determinig its importance in governance of the company.

Data:

1. Primary data: numbers, facts, events, etc.

2. Secondary data: aggregated (according to the assumed classification) numbers, facts, events, etc.

Information: transformed data, usually with comments and interpretations;

Managerial Information: transformed data with comments, interpretation and conclusions.

Information Flow

1. Sender:

a) has information;

b) has aim and wishes to pass information;

2. Information;

3. Coder:

a) transforms information into message;

b) sends message into the information channel;

4. Message: symbol, term, word, picture, drawing, facial expression, gesture, etc.

5. Information Channel: air, paper, wall, wire, virtual world, etc.

6. Decoder:

a) receives messages;

b) transforms message into information' (depending upon receiver's abilities, skills, experience, own evaluation of gesture and meaning of symbols, voice tone, expectations, etc.)

7. Receiver:

a) one person;

b) more people;

8. Noise (everything that disrupts, interferes with or distorts communication):

a) internal noise;

b) external noise;

9. Feedback: reaction of receiver on the information"

? 42. The concept of communication, its types and its place according to Minzberg in the management of the company.

Communication

Activity: listening, reading, speaking, talking, writing;

--> Process at which people aim at Information share with the help of messages.

a) process - not a single act;

b) people - one has to understand interpersonal relationships;

c) information - what is intended to be communicated;

d) share - one has to define meaning of messages;

e) message - what is really communicated.

Types of Communication

A1. Vertical ( filtrated=changed, incomplete, inaccurate):

• From top to bottom;

• From bottom to top.

A2. Horizontal (direct channel of communication):

• Within an organization;

• With outsiders.

B1. One-Way Communication (without sender's waiting for any feedback)

B2. Two-Ways Communication (with feedback from receiver; sender waits for contra-suggestions)

Obstacles to the effective communication:

a) Differences in understanding words, gestures;

b) Language differences;

c) Noise;

d) Emotions of sender and receiver;

e) Non-compliance of verbal and nonverbal communication;

f) Distrust of receiver to sender of information.

Management expert Professor Henry Mintzberg has argued that a manager’s work can be boiled down to ten common roles. According to Mintzberg, these roles, or expectations for a manager’s behavior, fall into three categories: informational (managing by information), interpersonal (managing through people), and decisional (managing through action).

This chart summarizes a manager’s ten roles:

47. The factors influencing the flow of information.

Factors influencing information flow:

1. Size of organization: geographical distances between units of organization grow with the increase of its size -> information flow is more and more difficult.

2. Authority structure.

3. Works (tasks) specialization.

4. Knowing methods for tasks.