X. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения:

1. The infant is quiet now. Mother must have fed it. 2. The blood pressure may have decreased after taking this drug. 3. Can the scientist have made this discovery after a number of experiments.

XI. Прочтите слова, запомните их произношение и дайте русские эквиваленты:

constant [‘kOndstqnt], nerve [nWv], electrical [I’lektrikql], react [ri’qekt], impulse [‘impAls], actually [‘qektjuqli], agent [‘eiGqnt], terminal [‘tWminql], energy [‘enqGi], process [‘prouses]. inhibition [,inhi’biSqn], cortex [‘kLteks], stimulus [‘stimjulqs] (pl. stimuli [‘stimjulQi])

XII. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

brain [brein] – (головной) мозг

spinal cord – спинной мозг

to transmit [trqenz’mit] – передавать, отправлять

to refer [ri’fW] – приписывать, объяснять, относиться

to happen [‘hqepqn] – случаться, происходить

to travel [trqevl] – двигаться, перемещаться, распространяться

each - каждый

each other [‘JtS’ADq] – друг друга

by means of [mJnz] – с помощью, посредством

to touch [tAtS] – касаться, соприкасаться

close – близкий, тесный

to reach [rJtS] – достигать, доходить

to transfer [‘trqensfW] – передавать, перемещать

sleep - сон

to fall asleep [fOl] - заснуть

delicate [‘delikit] – тонкий, хрупкий

tired [tQiqd] - усталый

to be tired - уставать

to allow [q’lQu] – позволять, разрешать

area [‘Fqriq] – область, пространство, поле

to provide [prq’vQid] – обеспечивать, снабжать

smooth [smHT] – гладкий, ровный

to supply [sq’plQi] – обеспечивать, снабжать, питать

food - пища

to feed - кормить

purpose [‘pWpqs] - цель

XIII. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:

to happen [‘hqepqn] – What happened? It happened with us. When did it happen?

each other [‘JtS’ADq] – to be connected with each other, to depend on each other, to ask each other, close to each other

by means of [mJnz] – by means of a new method, by means of examination, by

means of operation, by means of adequate treatment

close [klous] – close friends, close connection, close association, close meaning,

close to the text

delicate [‘delikit] – delicate cells, delicate operation, delicate health

to allow [q’lQu] – to allow patient to walk, not to allow to be tired, to allow to do

hard work, not to allow to work late

area [‘Fqriq] – in the area, heart area, in the brain area, different areas of the human body, numerous areas of the spinal cord, tired areas, inhibited areas

smooth [smHT] – smooth surface, smooth work, smooth muscles

to supply [sq’plQi] – to supply with energy, to supply with feeding substances, to

supply with oxygen, blood supply

purpose [‘pWpqs] – for this purpose, the purpose of the research, the purpose of the lecture, the purpose of the experiment

XIV. Прочтите и переведите текст а:

Text A. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

The scientists have found out that a constant flow of stimuli comes into the brain through the nerve fibers in the spinal cord. The spinal cord consists of millions of nerve fibers which transmit electrical information to the brain and back to each part of the body. The brain and the spinal cord are referred to as the Central Nervous System (CNS), while the nerves connecting the spinal cord to the body are referred to as the Peripheral Nervous System (PNC).

All parts of our body are connected by nerves. The nerve cells with their fibers make up the nervous system. The physiologists have not determined yet what happens when a nerve reacts to a stimulus but something travels from one nerve to another. The nerve cells send impulses to each other by means of the fibers at their ends. These fibers do not actually touch but are so close to each other that an impulse can travel from one fiber to another. Thus all nerve cells are connected with each other. So a stimulus from any part of the body can reach any other part of it. Physical agents become stimuli for nerve terminal by transferring from the external world to the nerve terminals.

The nervous cells of the cortex are the most delicate of all the cells of the human body. At the moment of tiredness of the cortical nervous cells the process of inhibition begins to act. This process does not allow new stimuli to pass to the tired areas of the brain. Though the stimuli continue to come to the brain the inhibited cortical cells do not react to them. To provide the smooth work of the brain the nervous cells must be well supplied with oxygen and feeding substances. And for this purpose any human being must have regular complete rest, i.e. sleep. Numerous investigations and experiments have shown that sleep is more necessary for the human being than food. One can live longer without food than without sleep.

TASKS