V. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:

the most important, as big as, much thicker, most diseases, less valuable, the smallest, the best method, worst of all, much more interesting, as soon as possible, most of all, as thin as, more difficult, as well as, no longer

VI. Раскройте скобки, употребив прилагательное или наречие в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. He likes anatomy (much) than physiology.

2. This article is the (interesting) in the newspaper.

3. Russian is (difficult) than English.

4. She knows chemistry (bad) of all.

5. The patient must be operated as (soon) as possible.

6. He studies (well) than his sister.

7. The aorta is the (big) artery.

8. Veins are (large) than capillaries.

9. Capillaries are the (small) vessels in the human body.

10. The human heart weights (little) than a pound (453.6 gr).

VII. Прочтите и переведите следующие неличные формы глагола:

to form – forming – formed, to make – making – made, to contract – contracting – contracted, to locate – locating – located, to carry – carrying – carried, to receive – receiving - received, to divide – dividing – divided, to call – calling – called

VIII. Раскройте скобки:

1. The heart is the inner organ (locating, located) within the chest.

2. The vessels (carrying, carried) blood to the heart are called veins.

3. The organs (including, included) in the thoracic cavity are the heart and the lungs.

4. The (receiving, received) findings were very important.

5. The veins (passing, passed) to the liver form the portal system.

IX. Прочтите предложения, определите какую функцию выполняют выделенные слова и переведите предложения:

A. 1.The delivered lecture was very interesting. 2. The lecture on muscles was delivered on Monday. 3. The lecture delivered yesterday by Prof. Smirnov was very interesting.

B. 1. The therapeutist examined the patient yesterday. 2. The patient was examined by the therapeutist very attentively. 3. The patient examined by the therapeutist yesterday felt bad. 4. The examined patient had a heart disease.

C. 1. The doctor saw the changed condition of the patient. 2. That was why he changed the administrations to the patient. 3. The administrations were changed to restore his health. 4. The nurse did not forget to carry out the administrations changed by the doctor.

X. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на слова-заменители:

1. I don’t like this book, give me another one. 2. The bones of the extremities are longer than those of the spine. 3. The bones of the skull are those which compose the head and the face. 4. This lecture is more interesting than the one I attended last week. 5. The weight of the lung is less than that of the heart. 6. This article is more important for my research than that one. 7. The number of the vertebrae in the coccyx is less than the number of those in the neck. 8. The bones of the lower limbs are longer than those of the upper ones.

XI. Прочтите и переведите текст:

Text A. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The cardiovascular system is the system of blood circulation. By the cardiovascular system is meant the heart and the vessels – the arteries, the veins and the capillaries of the human body. The centre of the circulatory system is the heart. It is the most important muscle in the body. Without the heart and its circulatory system human life would not be possible.

The human heart is an inner hollow cone-shaped muscular organ placed within the chest just behind the breastbone and between the lungs and included in the pericardium. The base of the heart is against the third rib. Its apex is against the interspace between the fifth and the sixth costal cartilages. The weight of the heart is about 300 grams in the male and about 220 gr in the female.

The heart consists of two separate chambers divided by the septum. Each of the chambers has two connected parts; an upper chamber called the atrium or the auricle and a lower chamber called the ventricle. Each is made up of several layers of cardiac muscle arranged in circles and spirals. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles.

The right atrium is larger than the left one, but the walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one. The right ventricle is triangular in form and has thick walls. The right ventricle is in the anterior part of the heart. The left ventricle is longer and more conical than the right one. The walls of the left ventricle are three times as thick as those of the right one.

Blood vessels receiving blood from the ventricle and leading it away from the heart towards other organs are arteries. They continue dividing and subdividing forming smaller and smaller vessels with thinner and thinner walls. The smallest arteries are the arterioles and these finally divide into capillaries. (“hairlike” – Latin) though actually they are much thinner than hair. Gradually the capillaries begin to join into larger vessels carrying blood to the heart from the organs. Such vessels are the veins. The smallest of these are the venules.

The vessels carrying blood to and from the tissues of the body compose the general system. They are called the vessels of the systemic circulation. The pulmonary circulation is formed by the vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs. The portal circulation is formed by the veins passing to the liver.

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