Практическое занятие №5 Транспорт. Основные видовременные формы английского глагола действительного и страдательного залогов

Цель – совершенствование лексико-грамматических навыков.

Краткие теоретические сведения

Залог - это форма глагола, которая показывает, является ли подлежащее производителем действия, выраженного сказуемым, или само подлежащее подвергается воздействию. В английском языке имеется два залога: the Active Voice (действительный залог) и the Passive Voice (страдательный залог). Страдательный залог показывает, что действие направлено на предмет или лицо, выраженное подлежащим.

Таблица 5.1 – Английский глагол. Времена действительного залога

	Indefinite (Simple)	Continuous (Progressive)	Perfect
Present	V, Vs We paint pictures. He paints pictures. They don't paint pictures. He doesn't pait pictures. регулярные действия в настоящем факты, истины (Cats catch mice) расписание (The train leaves at 5) после if и when для обозначения будущих действий	am (is, are) + Ving We are painting pictures. He is painting a picture. I am not painting a picture. процесс в момент речи или вокруг него (I'm reading a book now) запланированное действие (We are leaving for Moscow tonight) эмоции (I'm always losing my keys)	have (has) + V3 I have painted the picture. He has sold the picture. Результат действия, завершивш. к наст. моменту жизненый опыт (I've never been to Egypt) действие началось в прошлом и продолжилось до наст. мом. (I've always loved you)
Past	Ved / V2 We painted pictures. Did you paint pictures? He was ill. Was he ill? факты, события, регулярные действия в прошлом	was (were) + Ving We were painting pictures from 1 to 5. He wasn't painting, he was sleeping. Was he painting?   процесс в прошлом	had + V3 He had cooked dinner before I came. Он приготовил обед до того, как я пришел. He hadn't cooked dinner by 5. действие, завершившееся к определённому моменту в прошлом
Future	will V1 He will paint a picture. предсказание обещание, предложение спонтанное решение	will be + Ving He will be painting his picture for 2 years. Will he be painting? ... процесс в будущем запланированное действие	will have + V3 He will have painted his picture by July. Он нарисует картину к июлю. завершенное действие в будущем

Таблица 5.2–  Сводная таблица спряжения глаголов в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice)

Вид Время	Indefinite Неопределенное	Continuous Длительное	Perfect Совершенное
Present Настоящее	I   + am V3 he, she, it +  is V3 we, you, they + are V3	I   + am being V3 he, she, it +  is being V3 we, you, they + are being V3	I, we, you, they + have been V3 he, she, it + has been V3
Пример:	I am asked	I am being asked	I have been asked
Past Прошедшее	I, he, she, it + was V3 we, you, they + were V3	I, he, she, it + was being V3 we, you, they + were being V3	had been V3
Пример:	I was asked	I was being asked	I had been asked
Future Будущее	will be V3	-----	will have been V3
Пример:	I will be asked		I will have been asked

Порядок выполнения

Задание 1 Прочтите и переведите текст.

wheelbase – колесная база

brakes – тормоза

fold-down – складной

emergency – авария, аварийный

partition – перегородка

The first improved inter-city coaches designed to run at 200 km/h have entered service on German DB Railway. The coaches are different from those which were in use for the period of twenty years. The cars, 26.4 m long, look like cars which are in use now in France and Great Britain. There are two open saloons with a glass partition and seats arranged two-and-two with a central gangway. There are fold-down tables and magazine pockets. There are luggage racks above the seats and a toilet is provided in each end vestibule. The windows are very wide, eight of them having special openings for emergency ventilation, and these windows can also be used as emergency exits. Car bodies are of lightweight steel construction. Two types of bodies are used with identical wheelbase. Both types of bodies are equipped with disc and magnetic track brakes. Air-conditioning is standard on all cars.

Задание 2 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1 What speed did the first improved inter-city coach run?

2 What is the length of the coaches?

3 How many saloons are there in these cars?

4 What kind of partition can you see there?

5 What can you say about seats of this car? 6. Where are there luggage racks?

6 Are car bodies of lightweight steel construction?

7 Is air-conditioning standard on all cars?

Задание 3 Переведите словосочетания:

1 This car, that car, such a car, some car, any car, no car, the same car, such car as, its car, their car.

2 This train, that train, these trains, their trains, such trains as, some trains, any trains, no trains.

Задание 4 Найдите русские эквиваленты:

1) so that 2) besides that 3) almost 4) for 5) the same 6) compared to

a) почти b) помимо этого c) так как d) по сравнению e) тот же самый f) так что

Задание 5. Запишите и переведите предложения, найдите сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог.

Вариант 1

1 At last he returned to the little town.

2 Before the experiment the substance are mixed in a large cup.

3 He cut himself while he was repairing his car.

4 She has been shown his photo.

Вариант 2

1 The papers have not yet been sent.

2 The child is being looked for by his granny.

3 They will do everything in their power to help us.

4 By that time we had already changed our plans.

Задание 6 Выполните тестирование в режиме on-line. Режим доступа: https://uup.tigt.ru/dnevnik/

Содержание отчета

1 Тема и цель занятия.

2 Выполненное задание 5.

3 Результат тестирования задания 6.

4 Вывод о проделанной работе.

Контрольные вопросы и задания

1 Как образуются времена группы Simple Passive?

2 Назовите вспомогательные глаголы во временах группы Simple Active.

3 Назовите временные маркеры во временах группы Simple Passive.

4 Как образуются времена группы Progressive Passive?

5 Назовите вспомогательные глаголы во временах группы Progressive Active.

6 Назовите временные маркеры во временах группы Progressive Active.

7 Как образуются времена группы Perfect Passive?

8 Назовите вспомогательные глаголы во временах группы Perfect Active.