Транспорт. Основные видовременные формы английского глагола страдательного залога

Цели: совершенствование навыков чтения, аудирования и технического перевода текстов профессиональной направленности; повторение правил образования и перевода основных видовременных форм английского глагола страдательного залога.

Краткие теоретические сведения

Страдательный залог

Залог - это форма глагола, которая показывает, является ли подлежащее производителем действия, выраженного сказуемым, или само подлежащее подвергается воздействию. В английском языке имеется два залога: the Active Voice (действительный залог) и the Passive Voice (страдательный залог). Страдательный залог показывает, что действие направлено на предмет или лицо, выраженное подлежащим.

Таблица 3.1 –  Сводная таблица спряжения глаголов в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice)

Вид Время	Indefinite Неопределенное	Continuous Длительное	Perfect Совершенное
Present Настоящее	I   + am V3 he, she, it +  is V3 we, you, they + are V3	I   + am being V3 he, she, it +  is being V3 we, you, they + are being V3	I, we, you, they + have been V3 he, she, it + has been V3
Пример:	I am asked	I am being asked	I have been asked
Past Прошедшее	I, he, she, it + was V3 we, you, they + were V3	I, he, she, it + was being V3 we, you, they + were being V3	had been V3
Пример:	I was asked	I was being asked	I had been asked
Future Будущее	will be V3	-----	will have been V3
Пример:	I will be asked		I will have been asked

Порядок выполнения

Задание 1 Прочтите и переведите текст.

car- вагон

wagon-грузовой вагон

carriage-пассажирский вагон

body-кузов, корпус

Вариант 1

From the History of Car building in Russia

In Russia, the construction of passenger cars was started in 1846 at the Alexander Works which was also the first to build steam locomotives and wagons.

The first carriages were vehicles without compartments. They were mounted on two trucks and had a body made of wood. Each carriage seated 90 passengers. An empty vehicle weighed 22 tons.

Ten years later, a number of passenger cars were supplied to the Russian railways from abroad. These cars had neither heating nor toilet rooms. They proved unsuitable for the Russian winter and had no be reconstructed later.

Вариант 2

In the middle of the sixties, all the carriages operated on the Moscow-Petersburg railway were produced in Russia. Unlike the cars operated in the European countries these cars were heated by stoves and had toilet rooms.

Of significant importance for the history of the car building industry in our country were the Kovrovsky Workshops. The Kovrovsky Workshops were the first to introduce steam and water heating, lighting and roof ventilation in cars. The cars turned out by the Workshops were durable and had good performance characteristics.

Задание 2 Прочтите и переведите слова, словосочетания.

Вариант 1

The construction of passenger cars; steam locomotives; were mounted on two trucks; a body made of wood; empty vehicle.

Вариант 2

Were produced in Russia; cars were heated by stoves; the car building industry; roof ventilation in cars; workshops.

Задание 3 Определите видовременную форму сказуемого, перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

Вариант 1

1 Railroads are used for transportation of freight and for travelling.

2 The railway was invented before the age of steam.

3 Almost all hump operations will be performed automatically.

Вариант 2

1 New marshaling yards are being organized in all parts of our country.

2 For the safety of running trains all railroads were divided into divisions.

3 A new railway has recently been constructed.

Задание 4 Прослушайте текст «What makes a good pianist?» (урок 16, СD дорожка 16). Выберите правильные варианты ответов, запишите их. Режим доступа https://www.biblio-online.ru/book/

1 Who was first sent to private piano lessons?

A The boy.

В The boy's father.

C The boy's sister.

D Some other child.

2 The boy threw a temper tantrum — behaved nastily — because____

A he wanted to get the privilege his sister got.

В he liked music and wanted to practise.

C piano lessons were fun and he did not want to miss it.

D he wanted to go to the musical college.

3 The boy wanted to quit because____

A his father could not afford the lessons.

B his father wanted to live quietly.

C he did not like the sound of the piano.

D he hated everyday practice.

4 How long were piano lessons not fun for the boy?

A 4 years.

В 7 years.

C 15 years.

D 11 years.

5 Which statement is not true?

At the age of 11 ___

A the boy came to understand music.

В the boy loved the sound of the piano.

C the boy liked to practise for hours.

D the boy liked to turn the tables.

Задание 5 Заполните кроссворд.

					2				3
	1
				5
4
								7
				6							9
	8									10
										11

По вертикали:

1. Площадка на ж.д. станции для посадки пассажиров.

2. Круг, вращающийся на оси и служащий для приведения в движение повозки или механизма.

3. Транспортное средство для перевозки грузов или пассажиров, движущееся по рельсам.

5. Один из видов пассажирских вагонов.

7. Пассажирские поезда служат для того, чтобы .... пассажиров.

9. Поезд может ... скорость до 100 км/ч.

По горизонтали:

1. Человек, совершающий поездку.

3. Единица подвижного состава, предназначенная для перевозки пассажиров.

4. Бытовые удобства.

6. Рельсовый путь для движения поездов.

8. Степень быстроты поезда.

10. Предмет, на котором сидят.

11.Расположение вагонов в локомотиве до конца состава.

Содержание отчета

1 Тема и цель занятия.

2 Выполненное задание 3.

3 Выполненное задание 4.

4 Выполненное задание 5.

5 Вывод о проделанной работе.

Контрольные вопросы

1 Как образуются времена группы Simple Passive?

2 Как образуются времена группы Progressive Passive?

3 Как образуются времена группы Perfect Passive?