Формы будущего времени

Future Indefinite (Future Simple) употребляется для выражения:

1 Однократного действия, которое совершится или будет совершаться в будущем;

2 Регулярно повторяющихся действий в будущем;

3 Ряда последовательных действий в будущем.

Future Continuous (Future Progressive) употребляется для выражения:

1 Действия, которое будет протекать в определенный момент времени в будущем, который может быть обозначен: а) обстоятельством времени; б) другим одновременным действием в Present Continuous; в) другим будущим действием в Present Indefinite; г) контекстом или ситуацией.

2 Длительного действия, которое будет протекать в определенный период времени в будущем.

Future Perfect употребляется для выражения:

Будущего действия, которое совершится до определенного момента в будущем, который определяется:

a) обстоятельствами времени;

b) другим будущим действием в Present Indefinite;

c) ситуацией или контекстом.

Формы Future in the Past (Будущее в прошедшем)

Форма Future in the Past обозначает будущее действие, передаваемое глаголом придаточного предложения, которое следует за главным предложением, в котором действие обозначено глаголом в прошедшем времени.

Порядок выполнения

Задание 1 Прочтите и переведите текст.

Railways conquer the world

The railway was invented before the age of steam. Its advantages and disadvantages were long debates. Its efficiency was demonstrated in 1805, when a single horse drew a load of 55 tons for six miles along a level without distress.

The early railroad pioneers understood the question of speed as very significant. There was an upper limit to the speed which could be attained on land. It was set up by horse and the world record for a horse pulling a vehicle in 1806 was 20 miles per hour (mph). Later developments with pneumatic-tyred wheels brought this average speed up to 30 mph. The inventor of the “iron horse” was Stephenson whose “Rocket” ran at a speed of 35 mph. That’s why we consider the 14^th October, 1829, the opening of a new era, the age of mechanical transport.

Nowadays the railways surround the Earth with many bonds. The railways have opened new countries and connected them with the rest of the world. New cities were founded and waste lands were populated. All this has been achieved in spite of the fact the railway is neither simple in construction, nor easy in maintenance. There were many obstacles: swamps and deserts, high mountains and deep valleys, but the difficulties were overcome for the benefit of man.

The railways are developing and remain the vital arteries of national and international economic life.

Задание 2 Ответьте на вопросы на английском языке.

1 When was the railway invented?

2 Were it’s advantages and disadvantages long debates?

3 When was the efficiency of the railway demonstrated?

4 Who was the inventor of the “iron horse”?

5 Could “Rocket” run at a speed of 35 mph?

6 When was a new era of mechanical transport opened?

7 What have the railways opened?

Задание 3 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в необходимое время действительного залога, перепишите предложения.

Вариант 1

1 Jane usually works in the library. She (to work) there now.

2 She already (to gather) the necessary materi­al and now she (to write) her report.

3 When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to arrive). The passengers (to hurry) to occupy their seats in the carriages.

4 Yesterday I (to buy) a new pair of gloves, as I (to lose) the old ones. 

5 How many pages you (to translate) for today?

Вариант 2

1 What you (to do) here? — I (to prepare) for my report. 

2 Where is your luggage? — I (to leave) it at the station. I (to take) it tomorrow when Nick (to come) to help me. 

3 Yesterday by eight o'clock he (to finish) all his homework, and when I (to come) to his place at nine, he (to read). 

4 What you (to do) yesterday? 

5 I (to hear) this song several times already, but I cannot remember the words. I (to write) them down as soon as I (to hear) this song again.

Задание 4 Составьте резюме текста, используя следующие выражения:

1. The title of the text is...

2. The text is devoted to...

3. According to the text...

4. It should be mentioned that...

The operation of trains

All railroads are divided into divisions in order to simplify the problem of running trains. A division may be of different length. Each railway has two kinds of trains: regular trains and extra trains. A regular train is a «scheduled» train, a train listed on the railroad time-table. Regular trains have definite times for arrival and departure. All regular trains may be both freight and passenger ones. Passenger trains are subdivided into fast expresses which have long runs and make few stops and local trains which stop at all stations. Freight trains are used for carrying goods. Some freight trains make few stops during their runs and some freight trains stop at small stations to load and unload freight. «Extra» trains are not scheduled in the railroad timetable.

Задание 5 Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на слово for.

1 Railroads are used for transportation of freight and for travelling.

2.On every railroad division a train dispatcher is responsible for train movement.

3 Regular trains have definite time for arrival and departure.

4 The efficiency of work is obtained if freight trains run at higher speeds for long distances.

5 The work of the yard-master is very difficult, for cars come into a yard both day and night.

6. For many years this hump yard was under construction.

Содержание отчета

1 Тема и цель занятия.

2 Выполненное задание 3.

3 Вывод о проделанной работе.

Контрольные вопросы

1. Назовите особенности употребления и перевода на русский язык глаголов во временах Simple.

2. Назовите особенности употребления и перевода на русский язык глаголов во временах Continuous.

3. Назовите особенности употребления и перевода на русский язык глаголов во временах Perfect.

4. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения: На прошлом занятии студенты перевели несколько текстов. Через неделю наша группа сдаст два экзамена. В данный момент студенты пишут контрольную работу. Студенты нашей группы сдали все экзамены. Вчера в 6 часов они смотрели интересный фильм.