II. The introduction.

1. Essential things in an introduction.

a) greet the audience;

b) introduce yourself;

c) give the title of your talk;

d) give the structure of your talk;

e) say how long your talk will be;

f) say what your policy on questions is.

2. Прочитайте вступительную часть презентации на тему “HVDC VSC Technology For Offshore Wind Farm Applications”.

Good afternoon, everyone! The subject of my talk is “HVDC VSC Technology For Offshore Wind Farm Applications”. My talk will be in three parts. First I am going to speak about Offshore Wind Farms. Second I’ll describe HVDC VSC technology. Third I’ll explain the performance of HVDC VSC Converter Station in short. My talk will take about five minutes. After my talk there will be time for any questions.

3. Задание для работы в группе под контролем преподавателя. Выпишите из упражнения пять речевых моделей, использованных во вступительной части презентации. Предложите иные речевые модели (1-2 варианта) для вступительной части. Запишите их в таблицу.

Greeting	1. 2. 3.
Subject	1. 2. 3.
Structure	1. 2. 3.
Timing	1. 2. 3.
Questions	1. 2. 3.

III. The middle of the presentation.

1. Read the passage about the main part of the presentation.

The body is the main part of your presentation. This is where all your information is presented. The organization of the body is critical because the audience needs to be able to follow what you are saying. Illustrated talks or speeches are usually organized by arranging major points and discussing them. You should limit these major points to three to five. If you have more than five, the audience can get lost or confused. If you have fewer than three, you probably don’t have enough information or your topic is too simple and narrow. Arrange your points in a logical order and then give information to support each point. Examples of ways to organize points are to number them (1, 2, 3....); put them in a time frame (past, present, future); use narration (tell a story from beginning to end), or present them as a problem-effect-solution form. No matter how you organize the body of your presentation, you must have clear transitions from point to point or step to step. There are many ways you can help the audience identify these transitions. Count the steps: step 1, step 2, etc. Use transition or signaling words such as then, next, finally, or one reason, another reason, or first, second, third. Short pauses are good between the parts of a presentation. They are the way to emphasize transitions. Movement can also indicate a transition. Try changing your position in front of the audience. All information you present in the body of your presentation must be accurate and understandable. You need to offer enough information to cover your topic thoroughly while eliminating any unnecessary information.

2. Identify at least four recommendations to make your talk clear and write these recommendations down in the form of a list.

3. Work in a group. Make a list of signaling or transition words given in exercise 1 above and then add 5 or 6 of your own.

4. The structure of the main body with the introduction included. Look at the chart and describe it with the help of transition words.

5. Read and remember the key points about the main body.

The body should be well structured, divided up logically, with plenty of carefully spaced visuals. Remember these key points while delivering the body of your presentation:

• do not hurry,

• be enthusiastic,

• give time on visuals,

• maintain eye contact,

• modulate your voice,

• look friendly,

• keep to your structure,

• use your notes,

• signpost throughout,

• remain polite when dealing with difficult questions.

6. Read the example of the main body of the presentation “HVDC VSC Technology for Offshore Wind Farm Applications”. Identify listing, linking and sequen­cing words that provide coherence.

So that concludes the introduction. Now let’s move to the first part of the talk which is about Offshore Wind Farms. There are three things to consider. First since the wind farm requires a lot of space and adequate amount of wind, it’s much challenging to find out such a place in shore because of increasing population and civilization needs in general. And that compel us to make use of offshore wind farms. So then a substantial amount of energy is being generated by harnessing the power of offshore wind. Finally, there are still challenges in bringing the power from the offshore wind farm to the shore and then to the utilities. That completes the first part.

Now we come to the second part which is about HVDC VSC technology. There are two facts to mention. Firstly HVDC transmission based on VSC is a relatively new technology since it uses IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor). Secondly, major companies that promote HVDC VSC are ABB and Siemens. By the way, HVDC VSC is prompted as HVDC light by ABB and as HVDC Plus by Siemens. That’s all I want to say for now on HVDC VSC technology.

So now let’s talk about the performance of HVDC VSC Converter Station as one of the major components of HVDC VSC based transmission for offshore wind farms. I’ll describe the process. First in VSC unit AC converts to DC and vice-versa. It uses IGBT so that it can reach high level of converted power due to evolution of semiconductor technology. Next as the switching frequency increases the number of harmonics also reduces thus the number of filters. Then a transformer connects the AC system to the converter in order to step up the voltage to the level of the VSC input inside. Also the transformer provides an reactance in between AC system and VSC system so that the zero frequency current flow is prevented between AC system and Converter. That ends the third part of my talk.