- •Contents
- •Ecology. Introduction.
- •I. The terms “environmrnt, ecology, ecosystem”
- •1. Enrich your vocabulary:
- •2. Read and translate the text :
- •2. My future profession is an ecologist
- •1.2. Read the text and translate it into Russian:
- •2.1 Answer the following questions.
- •2.2 Fill in the table and translate.
- •3 Join the words to combination and enumerate environmental problems.
- •2.3 Join the words to combination and enumerate environmental problems.
- •2.4 Explain the meaning of the following:
- •2.6 Аrе you аn environmentally-minded person?
- •2.7 Retell the text.
- •3. Risk Assessment
- •1. Vocabulary
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •Unit I ecological problems. Pollution
- •What is pollution?
- •1.Vocabulary
- •2. Read the text:
- •Read the text and study the vocabulary.
- •Write the summary of the text in English and try to retell it.
- •Natural Resources and Environment.
- •2. Read the text
- •4.Ecological problems across the globe
- •Unit II. Air pollution
- •1.Warm up.
- •1.1Read and learn the following new words.
- •1.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •The usa law on clean air - the "arcane" for pollution
- •Sources of air pollution
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 4. Acid Rain.
- •Read the text and study the vocabulary.
- •Complete the sentences and translate them:
- •Find in the text the sentences describing the following problems, translate them and retell the text in English:
- •4. Do you know anything about acid rains? Study the scheme:
- •Unit III water pollution
- •1.Warm up.
- •1.1Read and learn the following new words
- •2 Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •2.1 Answer the following questions
- •2.2 Match these words from the text with their meanings:
- •2.3Complete the following sentences.
- •2.4 Agree or disagree with the statements below. Begin your sentence with one of the following :
- •2.5 Retell the text using the scheme:
- •3.Read the text. Pay attention to the words after the text:
- •Sea or Sewer?
- •3.1. Translate the following words into Russian and analyze the parts of speech:
- •3.2. Give derivatives of the following verbs and translate them:
- •Comprehension
- •1. Paraphrase the italicized words and word-combinations:
- •2. Pick out from the text sentences or parts of sentences showing:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •4. Retell the text using the plan below:
- •Dioxides launch а new attack on our nature
- •Ecology of the Caspian Sea region - the last line of defense before the beginning of the " big" oil
- •Unit IV. Chemicals in the environment
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 2 Hazards and chemical fertilizers
- •Unit V radioactivity
- •Vocabulary:
- •The burial of radioactive wastes
- •Text 2 Norway fury at uk nuclear waste floods
- •Chernobyl’s deadly legacy
- •1. The accident
- •2. Lingering effects
- •3. Environmental effects
- •I. Highlight the following words and in the article and provide their definitions:
- •II. Explain the meaning of the following words and word-combinations:
- •III. Make a list of:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Choose the correct definition for each word:
- •I. Work in pairs to discuss:
- •II. Make up a list of actions one should undertake in case such an accident occurs. Text 4
- •The time "cures", but there is no safe spot
- •Unit VI. Overpopulation
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •1. Join these split sentences and translate them:
- •2. Complete these word combinations with verbs used in the text:
- •3. Write questions to these answers:
- •4.Translate into English:
- •Unit VII. Noise pollution
- •2.2 What other sources of the noise pollution do you know ?
- •2.3 Complete the following sentences:
- •Unit VIII rubbish live life, do not waste it.
- •1.Read and learn the following new words:
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •2.2 Complete the following sentences.
- •2.3 Agree or disagree with the statements below. Begin your sentence with one of the following:
- •2.4 Match the synonyms:
- •2.Тне throw-away society
- •1. Warm up.
- •1.1Read and learn the following new words:
- •1.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •2.6 Agree or disagree with the statements below. Begin your sentence with one of the following:
- •2.7 Join these split sentences and translate them.
- •3.Тне green answers
- •2.5 Complete the following sentences.
- •2.6 Resume the text, using the following expression:
- •4.Incineration
- •W aste
- •Incineration recycling reuse decomposition
- •1.Read and learn the following new words:
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •2.5 Agree or disagree with the statements below. Begin your sentence with one of the following:
- •2.6 Join the words to combinations used in the text. Use them in the sentences.
- •Unit IX
- •Indoor pollution
- •1.Don’t miss your chance to enrich your vocabulary.
- •1.1.Read and learn the following new words:
- •2. Read and translate the text
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Find in the text sentences containing the words:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •5. Using the information from the text, try to make up a short report.
- •Unit X wildlife and animals protection warm up
- •1. Huge wildlife rescue operation launched
- •2.Read and translate the text:
- •Word study
- •Explain what the following proper names mean:
- •Match the names of species and their habitats:
- •Make up a list of phrases used in the text to say:
- •Answer the question:
- •Discuss in small groups:
- •What species are threatened with extinction in other parts of the world?
- •3. The last thousand polar bears.
- •4. The tropical forests
- •Ecological problems should be solved together
- •The chips are down for fast-food wrappers
- •1. Don’t miss your chance to enrich your vocabulary:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •3. Find words in the text that mean:
- •4. Underline these things in the text:
- •5. Choose the right variant:
- •6.Talk to your partner.
- •A first step in solving the planet’s pollution problems.
- •1. Don't miss your chance to enrich your vocabulary:
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •5. Friends of the earth
- •Organisation
- •I. Discuss with a partner/partners (make up dialogues):
- •You are members of Friends of the Earth. Organize a campaign the purpose of which make more people environmental-minded.
- •7. Environmental protection - nationwide concern
- •I. Use the dictionary to check the pronunciation of the following words:
- •IV. Match the words from the first column with the words from the second one:
- •V. Write the correct combination of the verb and the particle. Insert particles and prepositions where necessary.
- •I. Explain the meaning of the following:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •How green are you?
- •Interview
- •I: Oh, good!
- •Test How green are you?
- •Score: one point for every “yes”
- •B) Discuss which of the ways of being “green” listed in the quiz you think are the most important and the most difficult. Give your reasons.
- •Learn to solve problems
- •1. Analyze the scheme. Think about the measures suitable for each kind of pollution:
- •Project: Join our conference
- •Make your reports argumentative and informative. Use additional sources of information such as magazines and newspapers or the Internet. Take photos if possible.
- •Try to conduct a poll among 10 people on your topic. Use the results of the poll in your report at the conference.
- •Design a t-short with a message corresponding to the environmental problems e) Write an essay “ How to make our planet greener?”
- •Unit XII
- •Industrial ecology
- •Industrial Ecology: a Coming of Age Story
- •1. Warm up.
- •1.1Read and learn the following new words:
- •1.1 Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •2.2 Complete the following sentences:
- •2 .3 Match the synonyms:
- •Fill in the table and translate.
- •2.5 Match the word expressions:
- •Industrial Ecology and the Building Environment
- •2.1 Translate the following word expressions:
- •2.3 Join these split sentences and translate them:
- •2.4 Resume the sentences from the text:
- •2) Provision of....
- •3) Description of...
- •2) Offering of… texts for supplementary reading
- •1. Degradation of the ozone layer
- •2.Oil and Fish(1)
- •3. Oil and Fish (2)
- •4. How weeds clean water
- •5. Clean water – can it be clean entirely?
- •6.The radioactive wastes of the mining industry
- •7. How to Make Man Environment-Conscious?
- •8.The Netherlands
- •9.Cleaning up Canada
- •10. Mllitary space installation’s pollution
- •11. The Ecological problems in the Galapagos Islands(Equador)
- •5.Scandinavia
- •6.Underground waters in Kazakhstan
- •Check yourself
- •3.Complete the text using the modal verbs from the box: How to be a friend of Earth.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form. Some of the verbs should be in the active and some in the passive. Animals on the road
- •1.Fill in the missing information about the problem or its description or give definitions to some words:
- •2. Which word is correct?
- •3.Read the text and decide which answer a, b, c or d best fits each space: The doomed planet
- •4. Fill in the blanks in the text using a word given above the text:
- •Save it!
- •1. Ecological nouns
- •Study the word-building chart. Use different suffixes to form “ecological “ nouns from the verbs in the left column.
- •Now complete these sentences using appropriate forms of the nouns in ex. 1a
I. Highlight the following words and in the article and provide their definitions:
maxim (n) erupt (v) irradiation (n) haunt (v) f fallout (n) ghostly (ad j)
overshadow (v) livestock (n) thrive (v)
decommission (v) half-life (n) aquatic (adj) manually (adv) linger (v) moratorium (n)
aftermath (n) reproductive (adj) phase out (v)
II. Explain the meaning of the following words and word-combinations:
the Group of Seven (G7)
death toll
RBMK-1000
'hotspots'
to increase tenfold
to conform to international safety standards
cooling ponds
to have a design flaw
'Red Book'
political implications
phase-out plan
III. Make a list of:
a) radionuclides injected as a result of the Chernobyl disaster
b) diseases caused by people's exposure to radioactive substances.
COMPREHENSION
I. Answer the following questions:
1. Was the Chernobyl catastrophe the first accident of its kind?
2. What hindered the closure of the Chernobyl power plant?
3. Under what circumstances did the reactor explode?
4. Which countries fell victim to the disaster?
5. Who got victimized in the first turn and why?
6. What does the long-term aftermath consist in?
7. In what way does the environment benefit form the consequences of the accident?
8. How did the Chernobyl catastrophe effect political decisions made worldwide?
II. Choose the correct definition for each word:
Catastrophe, nucleus, atom, reactor, hectare, to evacuate
measure of area in the metric system;
smallest unit of an element that can take part in a chemical change;
sudden happening that causes great suffering and destruction;
apparatus for the controlled production of nuclear energy; atomic pile;
central part of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons;
to remove( a person) from a place or district.
FOLLOW-UP
I. Work in pairs to discuss:
- the various aspects of the accident at Chernobyl
- the way you feel about the disaster and its 'deadly legacy
- the measures that ought to be taken in order to diminish its devastating consequences.
II. Make up a list of actions one should undertake in case such an accident occurs. Text 4
Read the text and make resume of it:
The time "cures", but there is no safe spot
While people create radioactive elements, they do not have any methods to reduce their radioactivity. Only time is capable of doing so. For example, he period of semi-disintegration of carbon - 14 is 5900 years. The period of semi-disintegration of strontium - 90 is 28 years. But some parts of radiation remain forever. And it is not possible to do anything with this, except to bury the radioactive substances in а safe place. But where is it possible to find this safe place for the huge amounts of radioactive wastes, produced as а result of the production activities of the people?
No place on Earth can be considered safe enough for such kind of activity. Some time ago people thought that it was possible to place these wastes into the deepest places of the oceans, suggesting that life is not possible in those areas. But then this idea was refuted by deep underwater research done by Soviet scientists. Everywhere, where life is present radioactive substances join the biological cycle. А few hours after these materials were placed under water it is possible to trace them in living organisms. Sea-weeds and many sea animals accumulate radioactive substances in- concentrations, which are thousands of times higher than concentrations of the same substances in the surrounding water. And since some of the organisms serve as food for other ones, radioactive substances gradually come back to humans.
Some scientific and research centers study the "maximum limits of concentration" (MLС) and "maximum admissible levels" (MAL) of various radioactive elements. MLС implies certain amounts of the given radioactive substance, which may be accumulated inside human bodies without causing any harm to the health of the person. But it is well-known that any accumulation eventually causes damage. In Western countries attempts were made to determine, which dozes of radiation are tolerable and even the "maximum admissible levels" were developed, but they did not by any means solve the problem.
The international agreement on radioactive wastes burial has not yet been reached. The 1959 Monaco Conference of the International Nuclear Energy Agency lead only to disagreements among countries. "Highly radioactive" wastes are continuously thrown into the ocean, "moderately" and "low" radioactive wastes are dumped into rivers or just on the ground.