- •Contents
- •Ecology. Introduction.
- •I. The terms “environmrnt, ecology, ecosystem”
- •1. Enrich your vocabulary:
- •2. Read and translate the text :
- •2. My future profession is an ecologist
- •1.2. Read the text and translate it into Russian:
- •2.1 Answer the following questions.
- •2.2 Fill in the table and translate.
- •3 Join the words to combination and enumerate environmental problems.
- •2.3 Join the words to combination and enumerate environmental problems.
- •2.4 Explain the meaning of the following:
- •2.6 Аrе you аn environmentally-minded person?
- •2.7 Retell the text.
- •3. Risk Assessment
- •1. Vocabulary
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •Unit I ecological problems. Pollution
- •What is pollution?
- •1.Vocabulary
- •2. Read the text:
- •Read the text and study the vocabulary.
- •Write the summary of the text in English and try to retell it.
- •Natural Resources and Environment.
- •2. Read the text
- •4.Ecological problems across the globe
- •Unit II. Air pollution
- •1.Warm up.
- •1.1Read and learn the following new words.
- •1.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •The usa law on clean air - the "arcane" for pollution
- •Sources of air pollution
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 4. Acid Rain.
- •Read the text and study the vocabulary.
- •Complete the sentences and translate them:
- •Find in the text the sentences describing the following problems, translate them and retell the text in English:
- •4. Do you know anything about acid rains? Study the scheme:
- •Unit III water pollution
- •1.Warm up.
- •1.1Read and learn the following new words
- •2 Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •2.1 Answer the following questions
- •2.2 Match these words from the text with their meanings:
- •2.3Complete the following sentences.
- •2.4 Agree or disagree with the statements below. Begin your sentence with one of the following :
- •2.5 Retell the text using the scheme:
- •3.Read the text. Pay attention to the words after the text:
- •Sea or Sewer?
- •3.1. Translate the following words into Russian and analyze the parts of speech:
- •3.2. Give derivatives of the following verbs and translate them:
- •Comprehension
- •1. Paraphrase the italicized words and word-combinations:
- •2. Pick out from the text sentences or parts of sentences showing:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •4. Retell the text using the plan below:
- •Dioxides launch а new attack on our nature
- •Ecology of the Caspian Sea region - the last line of defense before the beginning of the " big" oil
- •Unit IV. Chemicals in the environment
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 2 Hazards and chemical fertilizers
- •Unit V radioactivity
- •Vocabulary:
- •The burial of radioactive wastes
- •Text 2 Norway fury at uk nuclear waste floods
- •Chernobyl’s deadly legacy
- •1. The accident
- •2. Lingering effects
- •3. Environmental effects
- •I. Highlight the following words and in the article and provide their definitions:
- •II. Explain the meaning of the following words and word-combinations:
- •III. Make a list of:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Choose the correct definition for each word:
- •I. Work in pairs to discuss:
- •II. Make up a list of actions one should undertake in case such an accident occurs. Text 4
- •The time "cures", but there is no safe spot
- •Unit VI. Overpopulation
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •1. Join these split sentences and translate them:
- •2. Complete these word combinations with verbs used in the text:
- •3. Write questions to these answers:
- •4.Translate into English:
- •Unit VII. Noise pollution
- •2.2 What other sources of the noise pollution do you know ?
- •2.3 Complete the following sentences:
- •Unit VIII rubbish live life, do not waste it.
- •1.Read and learn the following new words:
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •2.2 Complete the following sentences.
- •2.3 Agree or disagree with the statements below. Begin your sentence with one of the following:
- •2.4 Match the synonyms:
- •2.Тне throw-away society
- •1. Warm up.
- •1.1Read and learn the following new words:
- •1.2 Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •2.6 Agree or disagree with the statements below. Begin your sentence with one of the following:
- •2.7 Join these split sentences and translate them.
- •3.Тне green answers
- •2.5 Complete the following sentences.
- •2.6 Resume the text, using the following expression:
- •4.Incineration
- •W aste
- •Incineration recycling reuse decomposition
- •1.Read and learn the following new words:
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •2.5 Agree or disagree with the statements below. Begin your sentence with one of the following:
- •2.6 Join the words to combinations used in the text. Use them in the sentences.
- •Unit IX
- •Indoor pollution
- •1.Don’t miss your chance to enrich your vocabulary.
- •1.1.Read and learn the following new words:
- •2. Read and translate the text
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Find in the text sentences containing the words:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •5. Using the information from the text, try to make up a short report.
- •Unit X wildlife and animals protection warm up
- •1. Huge wildlife rescue operation launched
- •2.Read and translate the text:
- •Word study
- •Explain what the following proper names mean:
- •Match the names of species and their habitats:
- •Make up a list of phrases used in the text to say:
- •Answer the question:
- •Discuss in small groups:
- •What species are threatened with extinction in other parts of the world?
- •3. The last thousand polar bears.
- •4. The tropical forests
- •Ecological problems should be solved together
- •The chips are down for fast-food wrappers
- •1. Don’t miss your chance to enrich your vocabulary:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •3. Find words in the text that mean:
- •4. Underline these things in the text:
- •5. Choose the right variant:
- •6.Talk to your partner.
- •A first step in solving the planet’s pollution problems.
- •1. Don't miss your chance to enrich your vocabulary:
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian
- •5. Friends of the earth
- •Organisation
- •I. Discuss with a partner/partners (make up dialogues):
- •You are members of Friends of the Earth. Organize a campaign the purpose of which make more people environmental-minded.
- •7. Environmental protection - nationwide concern
- •I. Use the dictionary to check the pronunciation of the following words:
- •IV. Match the words from the first column with the words from the second one:
- •V. Write the correct combination of the verb and the particle. Insert particles and prepositions where necessary.
- •I. Explain the meaning of the following:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •How green are you?
- •Interview
- •I: Oh, good!
- •Test How green are you?
- •Score: one point for every “yes”
- •B) Discuss which of the ways of being “green” listed in the quiz you think are the most important and the most difficult. Give your reasons.
- •Learn to solve problems
- •1. Analyze the scheme. Think about the measures suitable for each kind of pollution:
- •Project: Join our conference
- •Make your reports argumentative and informative. Use additional sources of information such as magazines and newspapers or the Internet. Take photos if possible.
- •Try to conduct a poll among 10 people on your topic. Use the results of the poll in your report at the conference.
- •Design a t-short with a message corresponding to the environmental problems e) Write an essay “ How to make our planet greener?”
- •Unit XII
- •Industrial ecology
- •Industrial Ecology: a Coming of Age Story
- •1. Warm up.
- •1.1Read and learn the following new words:
- •1.1 Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •2.2 Complete the following sentences:
- •2 .3 Match the synonyms:
- •Fill in the table and translate.
- •2.5 Match the word expressions:
- •Industrial Ecology and the Building Environment
- •2.1 Translate the following word expressions:
- •2.3 Join these split sentences and translate them:
- •2.4 Resume the sentences from the text:
- •2) Provision of....
- •3) Description of...
- •2) Offering of… texts for supplementary reading
- •1. Degradation of the ozone layer
- •2.Oil and Fish(1)
- •3. Oil and Fish (2)
- •4. How weeds clean water
- •5. Clean water – can it be clean entirely?
- •6.The radioactive wastes of the mining industry
- •7. How to Make Man Environment-Conscious?
- •8.The Netherlands
- •9.Cleaning up Canada
- •10. Mllitary space installation’s pollution
- •11. The Ecological problems in the Galapagos Islands(Equador)
- •5.Scandinavia
- •6.Underground waters in Kazakhstan
- •Check yourself
- •3.Complete the text using the modal verbs from the box: How to be a friend of Earth.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form. Some of the verbs should be in the active and some in the passive. Animals on the road
- •1.Fill in the missing information about the problem or its description or give definitions to some words:
- •2. Which word is correct?
- •3.Read the text and decide which answer a, b, c or d best fits each space: The doomed planet
- •4. Fill in the blanks in the text using a word given above the text:
- •Save it!
- •1. Ecological nouns
- •Study the word-building chart. Use different suffixes to form “ecological “ nouns from the verbs in the left column.
- •Now complete these sentences using appropriate forms of the nouns in ex. 1a
3.1. Translate the following words into Russian and analyze the parts of speech:
immensity, immensely, perfectly, inability, disastrous, disappearance, harmless, reproduction, immediately, wreckage, dispersive, dispersion.
3.2. Give derivatives of the following verbs and translate them:
to research, to appear, to be able, to benefit, to wreck, to pollute, to harm, to develop, to establish.
Comprehension
1. Paraphrase the italicized words and word-combinations:
1. Now that rivers and lakes have become clogged with our garbage, we begin to use the sea as a receptacle for everything from the raw sewage of cities to the wastes of industry.
2. If 54 000 tons of any substance were thrown into the North Sea and thoroughly disseminated; it would show up in a concentration only one part per billion.
3. Investigators have found that the most immediate danger to the ocean are pesticides which are present in sea water in very small quantities and are unevenly diluted.
4. To prevent the danger of water pollution we must learn more about the ocean and the life it contains to enable us to discover changes both disastrous and useful.
2. Pick out from the text sentences or parts of sentences showing:
1) why the sea has a limited capacity to hide anything we might throw into it;
2) why water pollution is especially dangerous for the Arctic environment;
3) why scientists consider pesticides to be the most immediate danger to the ocean;
4) what measures have been undertaken to avert marine pollution.
3. Translate into English:
1. Учёные считают, что море становится огромной сточной трубой.
2. Озёра, реки и моря засоряются нашими отходами.
3. Северное море используется как хранилище для городских и промышленных отходов.
4. 117 000 тонн неочищенной нефти попало в море и при взаимодействии с 10 000 тоннами очищающих средств убило большую часть морской жизни.
5. Пестициды присутствуют в море в незначительных количествах, но они распределены неравномерно.
6. Чтобы предотвратить мировое загрязнение океана, следует постоянно проводить контроль загрязнения воды.
4. Retell the text using the plan below:
1.The sea is not the sewer.
2. Oil pollution of the sea.
3. Pesticides.
4. Monitoring marine pollution.
Read the texts 3, 4 and 5 and express the main idea of each text in 2-3 sentences.
Text 3
Dioxides launch а new attack on our nature
Dioxides are especially dangerous when they enter the environment together with metallurgical wastes, while chlorine is added to drinking water, while sewage is cleaned using biological methods; when herbicides and defoliants are used. Dioxides act in the same way as AIDS virus destroying the immune system of various organisms and causing genetic faults and deviations of embryos. High concentration of chlorine organic pesticides in the surrounding environment and addition of chlorine into the drinking water (especially high dozes of chlorine in water pipes during the periods-of floods) raise the issue of strict control over the concentration of dioxides in raw materials, food and industrial products. Ву this time, developed countries of the West gradually re equipped dangerous dioxide-using production lines and were able to dramatically decrease the injection of dioxides into the environment, however it has not been possible to to neutralize the consequences of their influence on the immune system.
Oxidized water absorbs poisonous metals from the upper layer of soil and dissolves them in the tubes polluting the drinking water. The problem is made more difficult by ozone pollution - reaction of nitrogen oxides and organic pollutants results in the appearance of the specific "smog". Ozone is а form of molecular oxygen, presence of which in the stratosphere (upper layer of the atmosphere) is important because it blocks dangerous ultra-violet sun rays. The danger is that the same molecules in the troposphere {lower layer of the atmosphere) represent dangerous elements destroying living tissues including human lungs. Destruction of forests is а result of the combined influence of the acid rains and ozone pollution. Ten thousand lakes in Sweden, Norway, Canada, Great Britain and the United States can not support water types of life as а result of acid precipitation. Fish was extinguished in thousands of these lakes. More than 1/5 of all forests in Europe are sick including half of the forests in West Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands.
Note:
tissues -ткани
Text 4