4. Nutrition.

***) Colostrum has all of the following properties, except:

1. It has higher fat content than mature milk

2. It has higher protein content than mature milk

3. It has less sugar content than mature milk

4. Sodium and potassium content are higher than in mature milk

5. It contains protective antibodies and leukocytes

Answer: A* It has a higher fat content than mature milk

***) Regarding colostrum all are true, except:

1. Daily secretion is 10 to 40 ml

2. It has an alkaline reaction

3. Contains less fat than mature breast milk

4. Contains less carbohydrates than mature breast milk

5. Contains less protein than mature breast milk

Answer: E* Contains less protein than mature breast milk

***) Concerning breast feeding all of following are true, except:

1. It should be initiated immediately following child birth

2. Repeated feeding increases the flow of milk

3. Consuming fluids helps the mother to maintain breast feeding

4. Breast feeding is not recommended after introducing solid food

5. Colostrum contains antibodies that are useful to the newborn

Answer: D* Breast feeding is not recommended after introducing solid food

***) In breast milk feeding all is true, except:

1. Less allergic symptoms than bottle feeding

2. Less incidence of gastroenteritis

3. Less incidence of URTI

4. Increased incidence of obesity than bottle feeding

5. Increased emotional attachment

Answer: D* Increased incidence of obesity than bottle feeding

***) Human milk is relatively low in one of the following:

1. Carbohydrates

2. Proteins

3. Fat

4. Calcium

5. Iron

Answer: E* Iron

***) All of the following regarding breast feeding is true, except:

1. Breast milk contains IgA which protects against gastrointestinal infections

2. Breast milk is relatively low in iron

3. The bioavailability of iron in human milk is very high

4. Breast feeding enhances the emotional bond between the mother and her infant

5. Breast feeding is not advisable in case of twins

Answer: E* Breast feeding is not advisable in case of twins

***) Regarding human breast milk all are true, except:

1. Iron of human milk is poorly absorbed

2. Breast feeding should start as soon as possible after birth

3. Lactose content in human milk is higher than in cow's milk

4. Sodium content in human milk is lower than in cow's milk

5. Proteins are lower than in cow's milk

Answer: A* Iron of human milk is poorly absorbed

***) The advantages of breast milk include all of the following, except:

1. Always fresh and ready

2. Always at right temperature

3. Establishes healthy mother-child relationship

4. Contains less carbohydrate per 100 ml than cow's milk

5. Protects against infections

Answer: D* Contains less calories per 100 ml than cow's milk

***) Compared to cow's milk with human milk, one of the following is true:

1. Sodium content is less in cow's milk

2. Carbohydrate content is more in cow's milk

3. Caloric content is almost the same

4. Unsaturated fatty acids are more in cow's milk

5. Folate content is less in cow's milk

Answer: C* Caloric content is almost the same

***) The protein content of cow’s milk is:

1. 1.5 g

2. 2.5 g

3. 3.5 g

4. 5 g

5. 7 g

Answer: C* 3.5 g

***) Human milk (breast milk) contains all of the following, except:

1. Vitamin A

2. Vitamin C

3. Vitamin B₁₂

4. Vitamin B₂

5. Vitamin D

Answer: C* Vitamin c

***) Regular infant formulas are modified from cow's milk to resemble human milk. One of the following statements is correct regarding these formulas:

1. They are safe to be used by infants with cow's milk allergy

2. They are supplemented by the daily requirements of vitamins

3. They are specifically indicated in patients with galactosemia

4. Their fat concentration is less than that of cow's milk

5. They do not contain lactose

Answer: B* They are supplemented by the daily requirements of vitamins