Lesson 4 урок 4 Задания по формированию компетенций Phonetics Фонетика

Звуки Правила чтения

[ ɔ ] буква Oo [ ou ] в закрытом слоге:

box [bɔks], got [gɔ t], soft [sɔft ], ox [ɔks], odd [ɔd],

[ɔ: ] буквосочетания:

-or – orbit [ ɔ:bit], order [ɔ:de], organ [ɔ:gen]

-ou – court [ kɔ:t], course [ kɔ:s], poured [pɔ:d]

-aw – [ lɔ:], raw [ rɔ:], sqaw [skwɔ:]

-ore – store [stɔ:], pore [pɔ:], more [mɔ:]

-au – naught [nɔ:t], daughter [dɔ:te]

-al – all [ɔ:l], tall [t ɔ:l], walk [w ɔ:k],

[ oi ] буквосочетания -oi, -oy:

oil [oil],voice [vois], boy [ boi], spoil [ spoil]

Task. Practice to pronounce the sounds [ɔ], [ɔ: ], [ oi ]. Words are written in transcription. Потренируйтесь в произношении звуков [ɔ], [ɔ: ], [ oi ]. Дана транскрипция слов.

[ɔ] [ɔ: ] [ oi ]

[pɔt, hɔt, spɔt dɔ:, kɔ:sɔt, tɔ:t, spoil, moist, toimen,

tɔk, ɔfis, dɔg kɔ:n, stɔ:ri, nɔ:mal destroy, vois, point]

Task. Practice to pronounce the sounds [ o ], [ o: ], [ oi ]. Words are written in letters. Потренируйтесь в произношении звуков [ o ], [ o: ], [ oi ].

[ o ] ox, box, Oxford, on, office, orange, what, spot, want

[ o: ] order, court, fort, bore, four, Shaw, sport, law, warm

[ oi ] oil, point, coil, boy, envoy, joy, destroy, choice

Exercise. Complete the chart with the words given. Заполните таблицу , выбирая слова со звуком, указанным в транскрипции.

roy, lawyer, court, pause, naughty, poison, shaw, oyster, spot, sport, soil, bottle, because, short, cock, board, office, pork, moss, moist, object

[ o ] _______________________________________________________________

[ o: ] _______________________________________________________________

[ oi ] _______________________________________________________________

Exercise. Read the following sentences, paying attention to the sounds in transcription. Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на звуки, указанные в транскрипции.

[ɔ ] Ron’s got a cough.

It’s a bother to get to the office

This is the spot where Tom lost his rod.

[ɔ: ] Your daughters are all tall.

I adore her more and more.

I caught a cold when I walked on the shore.

[ oi ] The boy spoiled the toy.

Small boys like noisy toys

Most coins are made of alloys.

Grammar Грамматика

To have/to have got

To have/to have got – иметь (у меня есть … ) Вы можете сказать:

I have got (I’ve got) a flat или I have (I’ve) a flat. – У меня есть (я имею) квартира.

Jane has got (Jane’s got) a sister или Jane has (Jane’s) a sister.

I have got a headache. или I have a headache (У меня головная боль).

Возможны три варианта вопросительных и отрицательных предложений:

Have you got a car? No, I have not got (haven’t got) . – Yes, I have got (I’ve got).

Do you have a car? No, I do not have. (don’t have). – Yes, I do.

Have you a car? No, I have not (haven’t). – Yes, I have.

Exercise. Answer the questions.

Model: Have you got a computer? – Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t

Do you have a car? – Yes, I do. / No I don’t.

1. Does he have any children? – ______________________________________________

2. Has she got a big flat? – __________________________________________________

3. Do they have an old house? – ______________________________________________

4. Have you got a bike? – ___________________________________________________

5. Do they have many English books? – ________________________________________

6. Does he have a good job? – ________________________________________________

Запомните некоторые устойчивые выражения:

have breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper – завтракать/2-ой завтрак/обедать/ужинать I have dinner at 2 o’clock. – Я обедаю в 2 часа. have a bath/a shower/a rest/a holiday, etc. – принимать ванну/душ, отдыхать Have a rest! – Отдохни. I have a shower every morning – Я принимаю душ каждое утро. have difficulty/problems/fun – сложность/проблемы/веселье He has problems with the health. – У него проблемы со здоровьем. Have fun. – Посмейтесь/Повеселитесь

Pre-reading

Vocabulary

meal / to have a meal – еда/кушать

to have a cup of tea/coffee – выпить чашку чая/кофе cereal – овсянка, кукурузные хлопья to prepare – готовить to consist of – состоять из light – легкий

meat dish – мясное блюдо lamb – баранина

Task. Read, compare and analyze the English and Russian texts. Прочитайте перевод и сравните его с английским текстом. Обратите внимание на структурные особенности построения фраз в английском и русском вариантах.

Meals in Britain Еда в Британии

Traditionally English people have three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. For breakfast they usually have cereal, toast with marmalade, juice and yogurt, a cup of tea or coffee. Lunch is a light meal. Most people have no time to go back home for lunch so they eat at school, cafes, pubs or restaurants. The main meal is dinner, which is usually between 6 and 7 p.m. For dinner they usually have a meat dish with vegetables and dessert. The most important meal of the week is the Sunday dinner, which they usually have at 1 p.m. The traditional Sunday dish is roast beef, but nowadays pork, chicken or lamb are more common

Традиционно англичане едят три раза в день: завтрак, ленч и обед. На завтрак у них обычно овсянка, тост с мармеладом, сок и йогурт, чашка чая или кофе. Ленч (2-й завтрак) – легкая пища. Боль-шинство не возвращается домой на ленч из-за нехватки времени, а едят в школьных столовых, кафе, барах или ресторанах. Основная еда – обед, обычно между шестью и семью вечера. На обед обычно подают мясное блюдо с овощами и десерт. Основная еда недели – воскресный обед, который обычно бывает в час дня. Традиционное воскресное блюдо – жареная говядина, но сейчас свинина, цыпленок или баранина более распространены

Task. Translate into Russian.

On Sunday evenings people have supper or high tea. The famous British afternoon tea (five o’clock) is becoming rare, except at weekends.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Task. Answer the questions to the text:

1. How many meals a day do English people have? __________________________________

2. What do they usually have for breakfast? ________________________________________

3. Is lunch a large meal? _______________________________________________________

5. Where do English people usually have lunch? ____________________________________

6. What do they have for dinner? ________________________________________________

7. What is the most important meal of the week? ____________________________________

8. Is British afternoon tea still popular? ___________________________________________

Task. Write about your meals answering these questions. Use the new words and expressions. Напишите о себе, ответив на вопросы. Используйте новые слова и выражения.

1. How many meals a day do you usually have? ___________________________________

2. What do you usually have for breakfast? ______________________________________

3. Where do you usually have lunch? ___________________________________________

4. When do you have your dinner? _____________________________________________

5. What do you have for the first course? ________________________________________

6. What do you have for the second course? ______________________________________

7. What is the most important meal of the week in your family? ______________________

first course первое блюдо

soup/chicken soup/vegetable soup – суп/куриный суп/овощной суп

second course – второе блюдо

mashed/fried potatoes – картофельное пюре/жареный картофель

chops – отбивные

chicken – цыпленок/курица

fish and chips – рыба с жареным картофелем

Основные формы глагола

Английский глагол имеет четыре основные формы:

1) инфинитив (the Infinitive), неопределенная, базовая (Basic Form) – неличная форма глагола (с частицей to), которая не имеет ни лица, ни числа, ни времени – отвечает на вопрос что делать? (to go – идти)

He came to speak to you. Он пришел (что делать) поговорить с тобой.

личная форма базового глагола выражает лицо, число, время, залог. Употребляется для обозначения настоящего простого времени. (Present Simple)

He lives in London. Он живет в Лондоне. (3 лицо, ед. число, наст. время)

I go to the museum. Я хожу в музей.

2) вторая форма – прошедшее простое время (Past Simple):

She lived in Moscow. Она жила в Москве.

3) третья форма – причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle):

He has lived in London. Он жил в Лондоне. (Группа перфектных времен)

The cup is broken. Чашка разбита. (Страдательный залог)

4) четвертая форма – причастие настоящего времени (Present Partciple) -ing форма базового глагола:

I’m reading a book. Я читаю книгу (группа продолженных времен).

The Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense. Прошедшее простое (неопределенное) время используется, когда речь идет об обычных действиях, совершенных в прошлом.

По способу образования прошедшего простого времени (Past Simple) и причастия прошедшего времени (Pas Participle) глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные.

Past Simple (Indefinite) правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления окончания -ed к форме инфинитива (во всех лицах без исключения):

I live – I lived. He lives. – He lived.

Past Simple (Indefinite) неправильных глаголов образуется различными способами, которые необходимо запоминать (существует таблица неправильных глаголов):

I speak/He speaks. – I/he spoke.

Вопросительная форма как правильных, так и неправильных глаголов образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did) и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без частицы to). Вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

He lived in Canada. – Did he live in Canada?

Отрицательная форма как правильных, так и неправильных глаголов образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени did, частицы not и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без частицы to). Not ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

He did not (didn’t) live in Canada.

Примечание: с Past Simple (Indefinite) часто употребляются обстоятельства времени:

yesterday вчера. the other day на днях, the day before yesterday позавчера

last year/month/week – в прошлом году//месяце/неделе

ago – a month/a week /two days ago – месяц/неделя/два дня назад

Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense.

Правильные глаголы (действие совершалось в прошлом)

I worked. He worked. She worked. It worked. We worked. You worked. They worked

Did I work? Did he work? Did she work? Did it work? Did we work? Did you work? Did they work?

Yes, I did. Yes, he did. Yes, she did. Yes, it did. Yes, we did. Yes, you did. Yes, they did

No, I did not (didn’t). I didn’t work. No, he did not (didn’t). He didn’t work. No, she did not (didn’t). She didn’t work. No, it did not (didn’t). It didn’t work. No, We did not (didn’t). We didn’t work. No, you did not (didn’t). You didn’t work. No, they did not (didn’t). They didn’t work

Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense.

Неправильные глаголы (действие совершалось в прошлом)

I wrote. He wrote. She wrote. It wrote. We wrote. You wrote. They wrote

Did I write? Did he write? Did she write? Did it write? Did we write? Did you write? Did they write?

Yes, I did. Yes, he did. Yes, she did. Yes, it did. Yes, we did. Yes, you did. Yes, they did

No, I did not (didn’t). I didn’t write. No, he did not (didn’t). He didn’t write. No, she did not (didn’t). She didn’t write. No, it did not (didn’t). It didn’t write. No, We did not (didn’t). We didn’t write. No, you did not (didn’t). You didn’t write. No, they did not (didn’t). They didn’t write

Глагол to be в прошедшем времени имеет две формы:

– форма единственного числа was:

I/she/he/it was at home. – Was I he/she it at home? – Yes, I/she/he/it was. – No I/she/he/it was not (wasn’t).

– форма множественного числа – were:

You/we/they were at home. – Were you/we/they at home? – Yes, you/we/they were. – No, you/we/they were not (weren’t)

The Past Continuous Tense. Прошедшее продолженное время:

а) используется, когда речь идет о действиях, совершаемых в прошлом в определенный момент времени.

I was working from 5 to 6 o’clock. – Я работал с 5 до 6 часов (я был в процессе работы именно в это время);

б) указывает на незаконченность действия. Сравните:

She was cooking dinner. – Она готовила обед. = Она была в процессе приготовления (Мы не знаем, приготовила она его ли нет).

She cooked dinner. – Она приготовила обед. = Обед готов.

в) Past Continuous (I was doing) часто употребляется одновременно с Past Simple (I did), чтобы показать, что одно действие происходило (длилось) в процессе другого:

He was writing a letter when I came in. Он писал письмо (ее не закончил), когда я вошел.

It was raining when left us. Шел дождь (продолжал идти), когда она ушла от нас.

Спряжение глагола to read

Past Continuous Tense

Affirmative	Interrogative	Affirmative	Negative
I was reading. He was reading. She was reading. It was reading. We were reading. You were reading. They were reading.	Was I reading? Was he reading? Was he reading? Was he reading? Were we reading? Were you reading? Were they reading?	Yes, I was. Yes, he was. Yes, she was. Yes, it was. Yes, we were. Yes, you were. Yes, they were.	No, I was not. Iwas not reading. No, he was not. He was not reading. No, she was not. She was not reading. No, it was not. It was not reading. No, we were not. We were not reading. No, you were not. You were not reading. No, they were not. They were not reading.