- •1. Describe current state of processing of mineral resources of Kazakhstan.
- •2. Specify main minerals and ores of rare metals and their methods of enrichment in Kazakhstan.
- •Methods of enrichment
- •3. Give general principles of study of rare metal raw material
- •Describe and give examples of methods of decomposition of rare metal materials.
- •Example. The decomposition tungsten concentrates with sodium hydroxide solution
- •5. Give examples of methods of processing tungsten concentrates
- •6. Give examples of methods of processing molybdenum concentrates
- •7. Describe modern technologies of processing of mineral raw materials containing gallium
- •Preparation of gallium concentrate from aluminate solutions
- •8. Show differences modern technology of processing of mineral raw materials containing molybdenum and tungsten.
- •9. Describe methods of waste-free processing of molybdenum.
- •10. Describe the main problems flotation of minerals and loss of useful components in the flotation mineral processing
- •11. Describe modern technologies of processing of mineral raw materials containing rhenium.
- •12. Describe modern technologies of processing of mineral raw materials containing germanium
- •13. Describe production of high purity germanium compounds
- •Describe modern technological scheme of processing of vanadium
- •Explain differences of purification methods of gallium.
- •Explain technological schemes of rhenium from Zhezkazgan ore, sources loss of rhenium and methods to reduce losses
- •Methods of increasing the extraction of rhenium
- •18.Compare and describe modern technologies of processing of mineral raw materials containing titanium.
- •19. Show the differences in modern technology in the processing of zirconium and hafnium containing rare metal raw materials.
- •20. Explain the differences extraction of selenium and tellurium from waste of industry
- •Roasting with sodium carbonate
- •Roasting
- •21. Compare methods of decomposition of tantalum and niobium containing rare metal raw materials.
- •Decomposition of tantalite-columbite with hydrofluoric acid
- •Decomposition of Tantalite and columbite concentrate with sodium hydroxide
- •Explain production of high purity gallium.
- •23. Explain processing of thallium containing rare metal raw materials.
- •Tl production
- •24. Explain differences of extractions methods of indium from waste of industry.
- •In production from Zinc Circuits
- •25. Critically evaluate production of high purity indium and thallium.
- •Chemical methods
- •Electrolytic refining
- •Thallium refining
- •26. Explain production of lithium metal.
- •27. Create a modern technological scheme of processing of mineral raw materials containing lithium.
- •The sulfuric acid method (пишите любо текс, либо рисуйте схему)
- •28. Create a modern technological scheme of processing of mineral raw materials containing beryllium.
- •30. Critically evaluate modern technology in the processing of rubidium and cesium containing rare metal raw materials.
- •Sintering
- •Rubidium Alums, Extraction
- •32. Propose technological processes without waste and low-waste processing.
- •Evaluate modern physical and chemical methods of analysis of rare and rare earth metals.
- •34. Develop general framework for the study of rare metal raw materials by different physical and chemical methods of analysis.
- •Create a modern technological scheme of processing of mineral raw materials containing scandium.
- •43. Analyze contribution of scientists of Kazakhstan in the development of technology of mineral processing, waste-free and low-waste technologies.
- •Critically analyze current non-waste technologies in production of rare metals.
- •Analyze and choose extraction methods of obtaining of rare metals.
- •Evaluate electrochemical methods of extraction of rare metals in Kazakhstan.
- •41. Develop of waste free and low-waste technological processing scheme of rare metals.
- •42. Create a modern technological scheme of recycling of rare metals from waste of industry
- •Critically evaluate of methods of purification to obtain pure rare metals.
- •45. Evaluate the current problems in mineral processing technologies in Kazakhstan.
- •1. Describe current state of processing of mineral resources of Kazakhstan.
41. Develop of waste free and low-waste technological processing scheme of rare metals.
Waste must not interfere with the functioning of natural systems. In other words, we must develop criteria for the undisturbed state of nature. Create a waste-free production refers to a very complex and lengthy process, which is the intermediate stage of low-waste production. Under a low-waste production to be understood such production, the results of which under the influence of them on the environment do not exceed levels acceptable sanitary standards, ie. E. MAC. At the same time due to technical, economic, organizational or other pri¬chinam of the raw materials can go into waste and sent to long-term storage or disposal.
1. Criteria for non-waste.
However, the question arises, which allowed part of raw materials at low-waste production can be directed at long-term storage or disposal? In this regard, a number of industries in Russia are already quantitative assessment of disposability. Thus, in the non-ferrous metallurgy is widely used complex coefficients defined share of mineral substances (%), extracted from the feedstock relative to the entire quantity. In some cases it exceeds 80%.
It is known that coal mining is one of the most material-intensive and environmentally challenging in the national economy protses¬sov. For the industry found that production is waste-free (more correctly - low-waste)
Waste-free technology - this is the perfect model of production, which in most cases is currently being implemented is not fully but only partially (here is clear, and the term "low-waste technology"). However, now there are examples of completely non-waste production.
The principles of non-waste and low-waste technology:
When you create a waste-free production is necessary to solve a number of complicated organizational, technical, technological, economic, psychological and other problems. For the development and introduction of non-waste production mozh¬no identify a number of interrelated principles.
The basic principle is systemic. In accordance with each individual process or production rassmatri¬vaetsya as part of a dynamic system - total industrial production in the region and at a higher level as part of eco-economic system as a whole, except vklyuchayu¬schey material production and other economic and human economic activities, environment (population of living organisms, the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biogeocoenoses, landscapes), as well as man and his environment. Thus, the systems principle underlying the creation of waste production, should take into account the existing and the increasing interconnection and interdependence of industrial, social and natural processes.
Another important principle is to create zero waste comprehensive utilization of resources. This principle requires the maximum use of all raw materials and components of potential energy. As is known, almost all raw materials is complex, and its average over a third amounts are related elements that can be removed only when its complex processing. Thus, even at the present time almost all the silver, bismuth, platinum and platinum group metals as well as more than 20% of gold is obtained simultaneously with the processing of complex ores.