- •1. Describe current state of processing of mineral resources of Kazakhstan.
- •2. Specify main minerals and ores of rare metals and their methods of enrichment in Kazakhstan.
- •Methods of enrichment
- •3. Give general principles of study of rare metal raw material
- •Describe and give examples of methods of decomposition of rare metal materials.
- •Example. The decomposition tungsten concentrates with sodium hydroxide solution
- •5. Give examples of methods of processing tungsten concentrates
- •6. Give examples of methods of processing molybdenum concentrates
- •7. Describe modern technologies of processing of mineral raw materials containing gallium
- •Preparation of gallium concentrate from aluminate solutions
- •8. Show differences modern technology of processing of mineral raw materials containing molybdenum and tungsten.
- •9. Describe methods of waste-free processing of molybdenum.
- •10. Describe the main problems flotation of minerals and loss of useful components in the flotation mineral processing
- •11. Describe modern technologies of processing of mineral raw materials containing rhenium.
- •12. Describe modern technologies of processing of mineral raw materials containing germanium
- •13. Describe production of high purity germanium compounds
- •Describe modern technological scheme of processing of vanadium
- •Explain differences of purification methods of gallium.
- •Explain technological schemes of rhenium from Zhezkazgan ore, sources loss of rhenium and methods to reduce losses
- •Methods of increasing the extraction of rhenium
- •18.Compare and describe modern technologies of processing of mineral raw materials containing titanium.
- •19. Show the differences in modern technology in the processing of zirconium and hafnium containing rare metal raw materials.
- •20. Explain the differences extraction of selenium and tellurium from waste of industry
- •Roasting with sodium carbonate
- •Roasting
- •21. Compare methods of decomposition of tantalum and niobium containing rare metal raw materials.
- •Decomposition of tantalite-columbite with hydrofluoric acid
- •Decomposition of Tantalite and columbite concentrate with sodium hydroxide
- •Explain production of high purity gallium.
- •23. Explain processing of thallium containing rare metal raw materials.
- •Tl production
- •24. Explain differences of extractions methods of indium from waste of industry.
- •In production from Zinc Circuits
- •25. Critically evaluate production of high purity indium and thallium.
- •Chemical methods
- •Electrolytic refining
- •Thallium refining
- •26. Explain production of lithium metal.
- •27. Create a modern technological scheme of processing of mineral raw materials containing lithium.
- •The sulfuric acid method (пишите любо текс, либо рисуйте схему)
- •28. Create a modern technological scheme of processing of mineral raw materials containing beryllium.
- •30. Critically evaluate modern technology in the processing of rubidium and cesium containing rare metal raw materials.
- •Sintering
- •Rubidium Alums, Extraction
- •32. Propose technological processes without waste and low-waste processing.
- •Evaluate modern physical and chemical methods of analysis of rare and rare earth metals.
- •34. Develop general framework for the study of rare metal raw materials by different physical and chemical methods of analysis.
- •Create a modern technological scheme of processing of mineral raw materials containing scandium.
- •43. Analyze contribution of scientists of Kazakhstan in the development of technology of mineral processing, waste-free and low-waste technologies.
- •Critically analyze current non-waste technologies in production of rare metals.
- •Analyze and choose extraction methods of obtaining of rare metals.
- •Evaluate electrochemical methods of extraction of rare metals in Kazakhstan.
- •41. Develop of waste free and low-waste technological processing scheme of rare metals.
- •42. Create a modern technological scheme of recycling of rare metals from waste of industry
- •Critically evaluate of methods of purification to obtain pure rare metals.
- •45. Evaluate the current problems in mineral processing technologies in Kazakhstan.
- •1. Describe current state of processing of mineral resources of Kazakhstan.
1. Describe current state of processing of mineral resources of Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan - the world's largest producer of beryllium (1-4 seats), niobium, gallium, technical thallium, titanium sponge (3rd place), rhenium (1-5 seats), uranium (7th place), coal and silver (9th place) zinc and alumina (10th place). We have concentrated 45% of proven reserves of uranium. In reserves of tantalum, niobium Republic is ranked 1st among the CIS countries.
The reduction in the production capacity of the mining industry (except oil and gas) of the CIS countries is not due to an excess of production, and with the lack of demand in the domestic and low competitiveness on foreign markets. The main reasons for the reduction in outputs are aging funds (ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy of Kazakhstan, respectively, 36.8 and 41.5%), a significant reduction in recent years of investment in these sectors. The current state of the mining industry in Kazakhstan is characterized by a backlog of development of mineral resources base, the lack of significant capital investment in the sector, the deterioration of geological and mining conditions of field development. The increase in production and processing is possible only through the development of new deposits and the involvement of the complex testing of off-balance ores, dumps and tailings re-pillar mining. To date, the country has accumulated more than 20 billion tons of industrial waste, including waste of man-made (off-balance ore dumps, tailings), non-ferrous metallurgy is 10.1 billion tons, and black -8.7 billion tonnes. In the period mining ore deposits in Rudny Altai now accumulated 360 million tons of solid waste of mining and metallurgical production, which contain about 2 million tons of copper, lead, zinc and approximately 120-130 tonnes of gold. The low level of utilization of solid waste in the country due to lack of:
• Equipment for the processing of many types of wastes and their preparation for processing at the enterprises of other industries;
• economically reasonable methods of calculating the efficiency of waste management, taking into account environmental requirements, as well as economic incentives for companies;
• timely information on volumes of waste, their physicochemical properties and methods of use.
Inventory of waste mining and metallurgical complex would provide a more complete and accurate information for the analysis of their impact on the ecological environment.
To involve technogenic waste in material production is necessary for them to establish a specific list of requirements to identify the relationship between the properties of the waste, their possible areas of use and necessary for their preparation and processing technologies and equipment. Efficiency of the waste must be greater than that of primary production.
2. Specify main minerals and ores of rare metals and their methods of enrichment in Kazakhstan.
Main minerals and ores in KZ: wolframite (Fe,Mn,Mg)WO4, molybdenite MoS2, tantalite (Nb, Ta,Ti)2O6, beryl Al2[Be3(Si6O16)], spodumene LiAl[Si2O6]. We know other groups of minerals of rare elements (sulphates, hydroxides, phosphates).
Element |
Minerals and ores |
Rhenium |
Molybdenite, bornite, chalcopyrite
|
Gallium |
Bornite, chalcopyrite, enargite, germanite
|
Germanium |
Bornite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, enargite, tetrahedrite, sulvanite |
Thallium |
Galenite, colloformic pyrite, molybdenite |
Selenium |
chalcopyrite, galenite, arsenopyrite, gray ores, molybdenite |
Tellurium |
Native gold, bismuthine, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite
|
Вecause of the small concentration of rare metals in the ore are important processes of ore enrichment and concentration of rare elements in the processing of raw materials.
None of rare metal is not reduced directly from the raw ore. Previously, pure chemical compounds (oxides, salts), serving raw material for the production of pure metal, are obtained from raw material
Main peculiarities are primary enrichment (after grinding to the optimal size corresponded to average grain size of rare metal minerals) with gravity methods using jigging machines, spiral separators and concentration tables, final processing of gravity concentrates using magnetic and electrical separation.