7. Conclusion

There are different ways to evaluate the effectiveness of a speech. Ultimately, the

audience’s reaction is the best measurement of success. In most cases, however, this

reaction is closely tied to the thoroughness of preparation and the use of the public

speaking techniques. To briefly summarize the guidelines of this chapter, here is a checklist of the most important features.

Checklist of Effective Public Speaking Techniques

___ Planned speech with audience in mind.

___ Researched topic thoroughly.

___ Collected suitable support material.

___ Organized speech well.

___ Consciously selected effective language.

___ Rehearsed speech sufficiently.

___ Practiced techniques for reducing communication anxiety in case of

nervousness.

___ Before delivering speech, took time setting up.

___ During speech, maintained constant eye contact with all parts of the

audience.

___ Supported verbal message through appropriate nonverbal behaviors

(including gestures and body movement).

___ Varied pitch, rate, and volume.

___ Used attractive and professionally prepared audiovisual support.

___ During the question-and-answer session, repeated or paraphrased questions

before answering them.

___ At the end of the question-and-answer session, reemphasized message and

thanked the audience for listening.

Further Readings

Guidelines for Public Speaking is based on the professional experience of the author and represents content commonly discussed in public speaking textbooks. There are many books that cover public speaking techniques in great detail. Some examples of excellent texts are listed below.

Bryden, S. R., & Scott, M. D. (latest edition). Between one and many: The art and

science of public speaking. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Jaffe, C. (latest edition). Public speaking: Concepts and skills for a diverse society. New York: Wadsworth.

Lucas, S. (latest edition). The art of public speaking. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Osborn, M., & Osborn, S. (latest edition). Public speaking. New York: Houghton

Mifflin, Elisabeth Gareis Department of Communication Studies Baruch College/CUNY New York, USA