Create a modern technological scheme of processing of mineral raw materials containing scandium.
Processing of thortveitite. There are the following methods:
Acid (opening HCl, H2SO4, NH4HF2, hydrofluoric acid)
Alkali (alloying with NaOH, sintering with Na2CO3)
Carbide
Chlorination
Acid
opening
requires multiple repetition of the process. At the high temperature
opening with alkaline or soda
scandium remains after water leaching спек in the precipitation. The precipitate dissolved in HCl; with ammonium precipitated hydroxide of scandium. Hydroxide dissolved in HCl and extracted with ether, the separated iron. The other impurities are separated and extracted with ether scandium thiocyanate. After distillation ether scandium precipitated as ammonium tartrate; extracting is 96%.
Carbide method is form a carbide by heating at 1800-2100 ° C a mixture of mineral and charcoal (ratio 1: 1.2). When processing carbides with hydrochloric acid Sc, Al, Fe, Ti, Zr transferred in solution. Silicon carbide with hydrochloric acid hardly decomposes. The oxalate scandium was precipitated from a solution, after repeated reprecipitation obtain rich scandium concentrate,containing 10% rare earth elements. Further purification lead with fractional precipitation of hydroxides and ion exchange.
When processing of chlorination tortveytite in mixture with carbon is heated in a current of chlorine at 900-1000°C. The temperature difference between boiling and condensation of chlorides of elements constituting the mineral, allows to separate them in the condensation process. Chlorides of Si, Zr, Al, Fe, Ti condensed below 400 ° C, ScCl3 - at 600-900 ° C, the yield was 87.5%. In the zone of chlorination in the melt remain chlorides of rare earths.
43. Analyze contribution of scientists of Kazakhstan in the development of technology of mineral processing, waste-free and low-waste technologies.
The beginning of the 21st century was marked by a sharp increase in fundamental geological research on a global level with the aim of creating a modern scientific base for further development of the mineral sector of the global economy. The territory of Kazakhstan is a unique geological polygon in which large concentrated deposits of ferrous, nonferrous, noble, radioactive and hydrocarbon materials, many minerals (Al,Ti, W,Mo, etc.). On their basis created a powerful industrial infrastructure – mining and metallurgical complexes and plants: JSC "Kazzinc", "Kazakhmys" Corporation, JSC "Ust-Kamenogorsk titanium-gnicely plant, OJSC "Ulba metallurgical plant" and others, many private companies and enterprises that built large cities and towns. Created over many years, decades, generations of geologists and miners of the mineral resource base remains the backbone of the economy of Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstan school of geologists, founded by academician K. I. Satpayev, maintains high level of scientific research that indicated foreign geological society. Kazakhstan participated in five international conferences: Kyoto(1992), Beijing(1996), Rio de Janeiro(2000), Florence(2004), Oslo(2008), also in the exhibitions "GEOEXPO" -1996,2000,2004 and 2008. which was shown To be an academician and Satpayev, has been widely recognition in the CIS countries and abroad. A great contribution to the development of prognostic-metallogenic area has made Kayupov A. K., G. N. Szczerba, E. Sh. Yessenov, And A. A. Abdulin, R. G. Bekzhanov, M. A. Abdulkhabirova, L. A. Miroshnichenko, V. A. Narseev, H. A. Bespaev, M. B. Rakishev, and many others. Actively contributed to establishing the basis of the mineral resource base of Kazakhstan, which was awarded state awards and prizes.
Geochemical trend in the last decade, is being actively developed and is now acquiring special importance in connection with the sharp increase in the demand of industry and market on rare earth and trace elements, the advent of new highly sensitive analytical methods for the study of natural minerals (micro - and nanolevels) and the need to identify new, hidden in the deep, buried and non-traditional types of deposits. Geochemical researches at the modern level make a significant contribution to the theory and practice of metallogenic forecast of the work is a part at the geological and genetic modeling of ore-forming systems and fields. Therefore, the development of new technologies for prediction, identification and evaluation of a new well-known geological-industrial types of deposits should be carried out on the basis of modern geologic concepts of ore formation, leading ore petrological, mineralogical and geochemical criteria and evaluation assumptions using high-precision laboratory studies.
In Kazakhstan scientific school in Geology was created in a long time at the state level and included academic institutions (Institute of geological Sciences named after K. I. Satpayev, Institute of hydrology), branch institutes ( Katims, Kaznigri, KAZ NIG Geophysics) and University science. As a result of concentration of scientific and productive forces had created a large resource base for many types of minerals. Currently leading Scientic schools support the worthy image of Kazakhstan and, to some extent, reached the world level.
Research work in GII, AMR RK and industrial organizations (W. L. Moose, M. B. Rakishev, A. B. Garbade, etc.) Main results: mapping of geochemical anomalies territories of Kazakhstan and separate ore areas, studying the distribution of chemical elements, the study of the distribution of chemical elements in zone of the ore column and the development of geochemical criteria of the search and evaluation of ore deposits.
Kazakhstan national IAGOD group, operating since the second half of 90-ies of the last century to the present, includes the leading specialists of the geological industry of Kazakhstan. Team leaders: in 1995-1999 D. P. V. Ermolov, 2000 Present – Professor M. S. Rafailovich. They have co-authored more than 100 published reputable scientific works are known not only in Kazakhstan but also outside, including the "Big Altai", "Complex processing of mineral raw materials of Kazakhstan and others.