Eurasian Technological University

REPORT

Theme : Automobile

Done by: Ualikhanov E.

Checked by: Novikova S. V.

Contents

Introduction

The main part

Types of heat engine.

The principle of operation of the thermal engine.

The development of tires (tires)

Petrol (new fuels)

The contribution of scientists in the study of the thermal engine.

Problems encountered in the implementation of the thermal engine.

Conclusions.

Glossary.

REFERENCES.

1. Introduction

Probably none of the creators of the first cars did not think that their creations would become so popular - at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the number of cars in the world crossed the mark of 600 million copies.. Economists predict that in 15 - 20 years the number of cars will cross the mark of 1.5 billion in the world.

We must accept, as a fact, that the number of cars in the world will grow and grow very quickly. And we need to understand where it leads. Will the increase in the number of cars good or harm?

Our task will be to consider the impact of the automotive industry on the environment and the problems associated with it, to society, to establish the impact on the development of the automotive industry for science and industry as a whole.

Mankind throughout its history has sought to use energy sources to solve their problems. At the dawn of history, man began to use the energy of falling water, and later in the Middle Ages mankind learned to use wind energy. Over time, this was not enough for the development of the industry, because the wind is not always strong enough to rotate the wings of windmills and water freezes in the winter. But at the end of the eighteenth century it was invented the steam engine. With the invention of the steam engine made possible the further development of technology and industry.

But the steam engine has a very low efficiency, most of the energy produced by the combustion of fuel, he simply throws into the air. Therefore, research began on the construction of internal combustion engines.

Each of the steps we have considered the development of mankind had its own source of energy. And each subsequent source was more powerful and provide a large amount of energy at a lower cost. Therefore, we can conclude that the development of technology and industry depends on the level of utilization of the internal energy of bodies. Mankind has learned to use more energy-dense fuels and it really was a learning process, because to create the steam engine, you must have knowledge of mechanics, metallurgy, properties of gases and vapors. Mankind has gradually mastered those energy sources that he could learn while staying at their level of development.

2. The main part

During his appointment heat engines can be divided into three types: heat engines, heat pumps and chillers. Thermal machine transforms heat into work. The heat engines in the performance of work heat from a warmer body is transferred to a less heated.

2.1 Types of heat engine.

Modern technology uses three types of heat engines: the piston, turbine and jet. The gas turbine provides high capacity with a relatively small size. They are widely used in aviation, naval installations on the railways and gradually implemented in thermal power plants.

Reciprocating engines are also divided into three groups: engines that operate Otto (Otto), Diesel cycle (diesel) and cycle Trinklera using nozzles.

Each of these engines has its own positive and negative qualities. Diesel engines, for example, have higher efficiency and greater power than the engine carburettor.