Exercises

1. Дайте британские эквиваленты. (Пользуйтесь словарём)

drug-store; fall (n.); truck; campus; faucet; elevator; sidewalk; food-store; candy; can (n.); gasoline; baggage; beauty-parlor; street-car; corn; cigar-store; apartment; store

2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальное сказуемое.

1. You should have put more sugar in the pie. It isn’t sweet enough. 2. You needn’t have troubled. 3. It must have been raining when you left in the morning. 4. They don’t answer their telephone. They may have gone away some­where. 5. You shouldn’t have done that. It is stupid. 6. She needn’t have opened the door. 7. You could have helped your little brother to solve that difficult problem. 8. He was to have had a music lesson in the morning but the teacher called up to cancel it. 9. The responsibility is entirely mine. I ought not to have let this relationship. 10. We needn’t have waited for her because she never came at all. 11. You oughtn’t to have laughed at his mistakes. 12. You may have been joking, but he for sure wasn’t. 13. I wonder where you can have met him. 14. He hasn’t brought the book back, though he should have brought it last week.15. From afar the house might have been taken for a small inn. 16. The students ought to have done their tasks by Monday.

2. Замените сложноподчиненные предложения простыми, употребив сложное дополнение. Устно переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. She thinks that her son is very good at physics.

2. We noticed that she entered the laboratory.

3. They expect that we shall solve all problems.

4. We noticed that she was writing something.

5. Our specialists expect that this new device will show high accuracy.

3. Употребите инфинитив, данный в скобках, в составе сложного дополнения. Устно переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. We watched them (to install) the equipment.

2. We heard the engineer (to speak) about this experiment.

3. We want this problem (to be solved) with the help of the new method.

4. They wanted the device (to be examined) carefully by experts.

5. I noticed them (to leave) the room.

4. Устно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните сложное подлежащее.

1. Many new houses are planned to be built in our city.

2. The experiment was supposed to have been completed.

3. He is likely to be given this work.

4. The solution of this problem is said not to be easy.

5. Tsiolkovsky is known to have developed the theory of rocket flying.

6. This important problem is sure to be settled very soon.

7. Electric current is known to flow in metal parts.

5. Замените придаточные предложения герундиальным оборотом, употребив предлоги, данные в скобках:

1. When I complete my work, I shall inform you of the fact. (on)

2. When we were testing the machine, we found that it needed improvements. (on)

3. While I was solving these problems, I paid much attention to the correct computations.(while)

4. You will never know mathematics well unless you work hard at it. (without)

5. Before the students graduate from the institute, they write their diplomas. (before)

6. Устно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, подчеркните независимый причастный оборот

1. There being an extensive system of free evening and correspond­ence education in the Russian Federation, a great number of people are part-time or correspondence students.

2. The translation having been done, we went for a short walk.

3. There is always water vapour in the air, the amount depending upon various conditions.

4. Technical and scientific problems having been solved, the first space flight could be realized.

5. It being very late, we had to return home.

7. Замените следующие предложения восклицательными, употребляя what, what a, how

Образцы: 1) She plays the piano well. – How well she plays the piano! 2) It is a beautiful day. – What a beautiful day!

1. She has good taste in everything

2. Mike speaks English very well.

3. We are having beautiful weather now.

4. St. Petersburg is a beautiful city.

5. They have learned English very quickly.

8. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму причастий. Письменно определите форму причастия

1. Having arrived two days before the opening of the conference, they had enough time to do the city.

2. Having seen so little of the country, he could not give full answers to all your questions.

3. Holiday accommodation and facili­ties being cheap, all the students can spend their vacation in camps and rest homes.

4. And laughing happily she left the room.

5. The workers having refused to return to work, the manager dis­missed them from the plant.

6. Knowing how fond he is of good music, I brought him a few records.

9. Поставьте частицу to, где это необходимо.

1. I felt her … shiver with cold. 2. Will you help me … move the table, please? 3. You needn’t … ask for permission, I’ll let you … take my books whenever you like. 4. He is expected … arrive in a few days. 5. You seem … know these places very well. 6. I heard the door … open and saw a shadow … move across the floor. 7. He told me … try … do it once again. 8. I’d rather … walk a little before going to bed. 9. I’ll have … go there. 10. He was heard … say so. 11. Why not … wait a little longer? 12. You had better … make a note of it. 13. Mother made me … repeat it all again. 14. I’m not … blame. 15. You are not … mention this to anyone. 16. We got Mother … cut up some sandwiches. 17. Rose wanted them ... stop laughing, wanted the curtain … come down. 18. There is nothing … do but … wait till somebody comes … let us out. 19. There doesn’t seem … be anything wrong with you. 20. She helped me … get over my fear. 21. Look here, Jane, why .. be cross? 22. You ought not … show your feelings. 23. What made you … deceive me? 24. She was not able … explain anything. 25. We should love you … stay with us.

ПЯТЫЙ ВАРИАНТ КОНТРОЛЬНОГО ЗАДАНИЯ №4

Text

Parliamentary Chambers

Part 2

In many European legislatures members vote by a show of hands, or by standing up. This is a simple matter when every member has a reserved seat. Nowadays in many other countries an electric system of voting is used. Members have only to press a button. In the House of Commons members have to leave their benches and walk out into two corridors (called the Lobbies). As they pass out they are counted by four persons — two for each side — and it may take ten or fifteen minutes before the figures are announced.

It has often been said that the people of Great Britain are fond of tradition, that they dislike revolutionary changes. This is true, but there are other reasons why the shape of the House of Commons was not changed after the war, and why its members keep to other practices that may seem, to Europeans, old-fashioned.

Speaking on 28 October 1943, Mr. Churchill (as he then was) said: “The characteristic of a Chamber formed on the lines of the House of Commons is that it should not be big enough to contain all its members at once without overcrowding, and that there should be no question of every member having a separate seat reserved for him. The reason for this has long been a puzzle to uninstructed outsiders, and has frequently excited the curiosity and even the criticism of new members.

If the House is big enough to contain all its members, nine-tenths of its debates will be conducted in the depressing atmosphere of an almost empty or half-empty Chamber. The essence of good House of Commons speaking is the conversa­tional style, the facility for quick, informal interruptions and interchanges … But the conversational style requires a fairly small space, and there should be, on great occasions, a sense of urgency. There should be a sense of the importance of much that is said, and a sense that great matters are being decided, there and then by the House.”

Those words referred to the size of the Chamber. Sir Winston Churchill also spoke about its shape. Its shape, he said, should be oblong, not semi-circular. The semi-circular assembly made it too easy for members to move to the right or to the left; it caused political parties to break up into small groups. He preferred political parties to political groups. The party system, he said, was much favoured by the oblong form of Chamber. The semi-circular form of Chamber had often been harmful to parliamentary government as known in the House of Commons and in the land of its birth.

The problems of how a Chamber should be shaped and of how members should be seated and how they should vote have often been discussed. They were discussed in the House of Commons in 1930. Another Prime Minister, Mr. Stanley Baldwin, said then, speaking of the method of voting, that the British system had much in its favour. When members left their seats to walk out of the Chamber into the Lobbies, they came back much cooler and much quieter! The ten or fifteen minutes needed for a division gives time for passions to cool and for tempers to become calm.

The people of Great Britain find that the British system suits them, but other peoples may find it unsuitable. Methods of government are not export articles like bicycles and motor-cars. In Sweden and Norway members of the political parties, instead of sitting separate as in Britain and France, sit mixed together. Their seating arrangements depend not upon political parties, but upon the part of the country that the members represent. Every country must have the arrangements that are best suited to its needs.

The people of Great Britain seem to believe that the two-party system suits them best. At the beginning of the last century there were two great parties, the Liberals and the Conservatives. When members of the new Labour Party were returned to Parliament, it seemed likely at first that there would be a change from the two-party system. Since 1945, however, Britain has returned to the two-party system. The number of Liberal members in the House of Commons is small, and neither the Conservative nor the Labour Party depends upon their support.

Questions

1. How do they vote in the House of Commons?

2. Do the traditions in Great Britain seem old-fashioned to Europeans?

3. What did Sir Winston Churchill say about the size of a Chamber in 1943?

4. Why, in Winston Churchill’s opinion, the shape of the Chamber should be oblong, not

semi-circular?

5. What happens to the members of the House of Commons when they come back from

the Lobbies?

6. Can methods of government be export articles like bicycles and motor-cars?

7. In Sweden and Norway members of the political parties, instead of sitting separate as

in Britain and France, sit mixed together. What is better in your opinion?

8. What kind of party system suits the people of Great Britain best?