Exercises

1. Соедините соответствующие словосочетания

1. base a) could no longer be seen (hidden, p.p. of hide)

2. rear base b) that can be carried about; not heavy

3. summit c) French word for pass, narrow way over or through mountains.

4. fortnight d) that which is farthest from the point which the expedition hopes to reach

5. glacier e) place at which large supplies are kept

6. Col f) highest point; top

7. portable g) fourteen days

8. were hidden from view h) river of ice, formed by snow, moving slowly along a valley

2. Употребите инфинитив, данный в скобках, в составе сложного дополнения. Пере­ведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Nobody noticed us (to leave) the room.

2. We heard the professor (to speak) about that student’s progress.

3. They wanted the device (to be examined) carefully by experts.

4. He asked the worker (to show) him the instruments.

5. I want this problem (to be solved) as quick as possible.

3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. William is likely to be given this work. 2. The match proved to be final. 3. Electric current is known to flow in metal parts. 4. The solution of this problem is said not to be easy. 5. Many new houses are planned to be built in our city. 6. This important problem is sure to be settled very soon. 7. Tsiolkovsky is known to have developed the theory of rocket flying

4. Письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, обратите внимание модальное сказуемое.

1. Granddad must have been working since morning. 2. They might have forgotten to send us a telegram. 2. We needn’t have done all the work. 3. Your shoes are wet. You should have stayed at home. 4. No one could have done more than you did. 5. He needn’t have stayed there for the night. 6. Mike was to have finished everything yesterday, but he was called away to London unexpectedly. 7. The students must have been writing the composition for three hour already. 8. Could he have done it? 9. “Ann is my sister.” “I should have guessed. You take after her.” 10. Surely I ought to have been aware of that simple fact. 11. “You needn’t have stayed up, waiting for me,” said Angela. 12. You needn’t have troubled. 13. There was no one meeting me at the station as I was to have arrived two days before. 14. She must not have taken the magazine with her. 15. They should never have married. They are so unhappy.

6. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму герундия:

1. This scientist achieved great results by working hard at the problem. 2. Solving difficult problems is his favourite occupation. 3. We remember having been told about the different points of view on this theory. 4. I remember having obtained these data in our previous experi­ments. 5. There are two different methods of solving this problem. 6. I remember having seen this device at our plant. 7. We were surprised at hearing that he had refused to take part in the scientific conference.

7. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните независимый причастный оборот:

1. The translation having been done, we went for a short walk. 2. College courses finished, all the Russia’s graduates hope to get work according to their speciality. 3. The new methods having been introduced, the productivity of labour at the plant went up. 4. There is always water vapour in the air, the amount depending upon various conditions. 5. Technical and scientific problems having been solved, the first space flight could be realized. 6. It being very late, we had to return home.

8. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму причастий:

1. The workers having refused to return to work, the manager dis­missed them from the plant. 2. Holiday accommodation and facili­ties being cheap, all the students can spend their vacation in camps and rest homes. 3. The man reading near the window is our teacher of English. 4. Having seen so little of the country, he could not give full answers to all your questions. 5. And saying so he left the room. 6. Having arrived two days before the opening of the conference, they had enough time to do the city. 7. Knowing how fond he is of good music, I brought him a few records.

9. Замените следующие предложения восклицательными, употребляя what, what a, how

Образцы: 1) She plays the piano well. – How well she plays the piano! 2) It is a beautiful day. – What a beautiful day!

1. They have learned English very quickly. 2. She has good taste in everything. 3. We are having beautiful weather now. 4. It must have been a very interesting experience.

10. Поставьте частицу to, где это необходимо.

1. Look here, Jane, why .. be cross? 2. You seem … know these places very well. 3. Will you help me … move the table, please? 4. He is expected … arrive in a few days. 5. You needn’t … ask for permission, I’ll let you … take my books whenever you like. 6. I heard the door … open and saw a shadow … move across the floor. 7. He told me … try … do it once again. 8. I’d rather … walk a little before going to bed. 9. She was not able … explain anything. 10. You ought not … show your feelings. 11. Why not … wait a little longer? 12. He is not … blame. 13. I felt her … shiver with cold. 14. We should love you … stay with us. 15. You are not … mention this to anyone. 16. We got Mother … cut up some sandwiches. 17. Rose wanted them ... stop laughing, wanted the curtain … come down. 18. I’ll have … go there. 19. There doesn’t seem … be anything wrong with you. 20. She helped me … get over my fear. 21. The teacher made me … repeat it all again. 22. He was heard … say so. 23. What made you … deceive me? 24. There is nothing … do but … wait till somebody comes … let us out. 25. You had better … make a note of it.

ЧЕТВЁРТЫЙ ВАРИАНТ КОНТРОЛЬНОГО ЗАДАНИЯ №4

Tasks

1. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте по-английски на вопросы, следующие за текстом.

Text

Differences between the British and the American

Variants of English

Differences in pronunciation between British English and Amer­ican English are numerous though nearly all the British peculiar­ities have their counterpart in one section or another of the United States. King’s English gives a broad [a:] sound to words like bath and dance, but so do several New England varieties. The flat [æ] sound in bath and dance is common in General American. The sound given by most Englishmen to words containing so-called “short” [o] (pot, lot) is more like a shortening of the [a:] in father in American English. The diphthong [ou] exists in both languages, but in Eng­lish pronunciation the sound is much narrower [әu].

Differences in the pronunciation of individual words are quite numerous, ['∫edju:l], [kla:k], ['da:bi] are the British pronun­ciation of schedule, clerk, derby, while Americans use ['skedju:l), [klә:k], ['dә:bi]. The British Army pronounces lieutenant [lәf'tenәnt] while Americans generally say [lju:'tenәnt], though a pronun­ciation similar to American is used for the rank in the British Navy.

The primary difference between English and American is in the rhythm and intonation of speech.

Vocabulary differences between British and American usage as well as differences in shade of meaning in the common stock of words are also numerous. In Britain an information bureau is an inquiry office, a ticket agent is a booking clerk; a freight car is goods-waggon. Dessert in Britain means fruit, and you must use sweet if you want a dessert, while if you ask for biscuits you will get crackers. The British equivalent of a cigar-store is a tobacconist’s. The British billion is American trillion, and milliard should be used to signify American billion.

There also are differences between US and British usage in spell­ing. So many words ending in -bre, -tre, in Britain (centre, thea­tre, metre, fibre) are spelled -er in the U.S. (center, theater, meter, fiber). Words ending in -our in Britain (honour, colour, vigour, la­bour) are usually spelled -or in the U.S. (honor, color, vigor, labor). Most verbs ending in -ize or -ise are spelled -ize in the U.S. with the exception of a small number of verbs like advertise, devise and surprise having different origin.

The words ending in -ce or -se are spelled in American use -se: defense, offense, while in British use they are more often spelled defence, offence. In British use, words of more than one syllable end­ing in -l and forming derivative double the -l before a vowel (trav­elled, paralelled, quarelled, medallist, woollen, woolly, councillor, etc.), whereas in American use –l is not doubled in these words.

There also is a tendency of simplifying the spelling of some words containing the mute gh, so one comes across plow (for British, plough) and thru (for British, through), the latter being used mostly in adver­tisements, business letters and notices. For advertising purposes night also comes to be occasionally spelled as nite.

Questions

1. Are differences in pronunciation between British English and Amer­ican English numerous?

2. In what way do Americans pronounce a broad [a:] sound to words like bath and dance?

3. What is the difference in pronunciation of lieutenant in British and American English?

4. Are the expressions information bureau, a ticket agent, a booking clerk; a freight car, tobacconist’s British or are they American?

5. What will you get in Britain if you ask for dessert or biscuits?

6. Will it be always a mistake to write the words honour, colour, vigour, la­bour and the like without “u”, that is honor, color, vigor, labor?

7. Where is the letter –l not doubled?

8. When one can find such words as nite, lite? What do they stand for?