Пятый вариант контрольного задания №2 Tasks

1. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за текстом.

Law

One of the earliest systems of law of which we have knowledge is the collection of laws, known as the Code of Hammurabi, the Babylonian king, which was carved in stone about 1900 B.C. and which can be seen in the British Museum in London. Another early code is the code of Hebrew law, contained in the Book of Exodus in the Bible.

In Greece each city state had its own law. Some laws were common to many states, such as the laws relating to family life. In the seventh century B.C. the Greek, began to put their laws into writing. About 594 B.C. Solon, the famous Athenian law-giver, provided a new code of law. The Athenians did not consider it necessary to have legal experts for non-criminal cases. In a civil case the verdict was given by a jury, which might number anything from 201 to 2,500. The members of the jury listened to speeches made by the persons who had brought the case before them, and by their friends. Barristers were not allowed, but speeches were sometimes prepared by professional speech-writers.

Roman law is one of the greatest systems that have ever existed. It was based upon custom, and by A.D. 528 the quantity of Roman Law had become so immense that the Emperor Justinian in Constantinople ordered a clear, systematic code of all the laws to be made.

Roman law has had a deep influence upon the law of the world. The law of most European countries is based upon it, and it has had some influence on Anglo-Saxon law, which is the other great law system of the world. For many years Roman law seemed to be lost or forgotten, but it reappeared in the eleventh century, when there was a great revival of learning.

Many European countries began to use Roman law in their courts. In France, however, until Napoleon codified the law in 1804, each province had its own laws. The Napoleonic Code was a splendid achievement, and has been copied in many countries in Europe and South America.

Questions

1. What are the earliest systems of law of which we have knowledge?

2. When was the first collection of laws carved in stone?

3. In Greece each city state had its own law, didn’t it?

4. Who did not consider it necessary to have legal experts for non-criminal cases?

5. Is Roman law or any other law one of the greatest systems that have ever existed?

6. Why did Roman Law reappear in the eleventh century?

Exercises

1. Найдите соответствующие словосочетания

1) code a) put into the form of a code

2) relating to b) non-criminal

3) civil c) rebirth

4) revival d) concerned with, referring to

5) codify e) collection of laws arranged in a system

2. Заполните пропуски глаголами must или may в зависимости от степени вероятности, возможности выполнить действие. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Don’t worry, mother. Things … turn out better than you think. 2. Robert … still come. He … have been detained at the office. 3. What a smell! The milk … have boiled over again. 4. You … think I’m made of money. I gave you thirty dollars on Monday, didn’t I? 5. One never knows with her, she … feel offended if you don’t ask her advice. 6. I tell you I left the keys right here. I always do. Somebody … have taken them. 7. She … not know about it. She … have been out when they phoned. 8. Only a few charred stones remained after the fire. The heat … have been terrific. 9. It … be later than we thought, the metro isn’t running any longer. 10. There’s just a chance if we hurry. We … catch the 8:15 train. 11. George … be still here. Here is his coat. 12. After all it’s his job. He … know what he is thinking about

3. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Perfect, Past Perfect или Future Perfect

1. I am sure they (complete) the new road by June. 2. He knew that he (make) a serious mistake.

3. He (make) that same mistake several times. 4. If you don’t make a note of that appointment, you (forget) it by next week. 5. She said she (look) everywhere for the book. 6. We (speak) to him about it several times. 7. I asked him why he (leave) the party so early. 8. The teacher corrected the exercises which Paul (prepare).

4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на местоимения one (ones), that (those)

1. This text is more difficult than that one. 2. One of the students is absent today. 3. One must always try to speak English at our lessons. 4. There is only one way to do it. 5. Those present at the meeting were the teachers from our school. 6. I like to read English books as well as Russian ones. 7. The students of the first group study better than those of the second one. 8. These pictures are better than those. 9. This film is more interesting than that I saw last week. 10. I don’t like this book. Give me another one.

5. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива

1. To understand is to forgive. 2. Mike stopped to smoke. 3. They wanted to cross the river in that place. 4. To take him seriously would be absurd. 5. Betty strained her ears to catch the words. 6. To study is important. 7. To err is human. 8. They always help to perform all the task. 9. I think I will go to England to improve my English. 10. To occupy her mind, however, she took the job given to her. 12. You’ll soon learn to read, sonny.

6. Выразите то же самое значение предложения при помощи атрибутивного словосочетания, т.е. при помощи “цепочки существительных”.

Example: We took a tour that lasted five weeks. – We took a five-week tour.

1. He has a subscription to that magazine for two years. 2. That student wrote a report that was ten pages long. 3. We saw a play in three acts last night. 4. She made a call to California that lasted ten minutes. 5. Sam lives in a building which has twelve storeys. 6. John bought a tool set containing 79 pieces. 7. Mary has a bookcase with five shelves. 8. I need two cans of tomatoes that weigh 16 ounces each. 9. I’m looking for a pressure cooker that holds six quarts. 10. Mrs. Johnson bought her daughter a bicycle with ten speeds.

7. Определите место главного предложения и придаточного обстоятельственного предложения времени в следующих сложноподчинённых предложениях. Укажите способ связи между главным и придаточным предложениями, подчеркните союзное слово. Устно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. After the agreement had been signed, the delegation left Moscow. 2. As soon as we received your telegram, we instructed our head-office to prepare the goods for shipment. 3. While you are having dinner I’ll be reading the newspaper. 4. I’ll have finished the letter by the time you come back. 5. More than thirty fatalities had been reported before the year’s rainy season started in earnest. 6. Tommy lay until he did not feel the pain any longer. 7. When the cat is away, the mice will play. 8. When there is life, there is hope. 9. When the cat is away, the mice will play. 10. When there is life, there is hope. 11. When I come back, I’ll call you. 12. When he has finished his work, he’ll go for a walk.

8. Вставьте суффиксы –s, –’s, –s’ вместо точек, где необходимо. Объясните их значение.

1. This is a new book of Pushkin… poem… . 2. This man was Paul… and Kate… teacher… of music. 3. These people are Sam… and Frank… parent… .4. They spent a week… holiday at the Barton… . 5. My relatives spent a holiday with the Barton… . 6. This writer… life was short but bright. 7. There was a moment… silence between them. 8. We couldn’t explain the young girl… behaviour at yesterday… dinner. 9. The boy… got their first week… salary and were very happy. 10. Bob… friend… live in his parent… house. 11. What was the car… number? 12. The ship… crew consisted of foreign sailors. 13. I live in Milano with my parent… and two sister… . 14. When in Rome, do as Roman… do.

9. Соедините предложения при помощи сравнительной конструкции the … the … .

1. Wendy called. Her voice got hoarse. (loud) 2. They worked with this woman. They liked her. (long) 3. He walked. He became exasperated. (slow) 4. Nick comes. The students can go home soon. (soon) 5. The meeting ends. They can go home early. (early) 6. The cat climb. It can fall far. (high) 7. He worked. He became depressed. (late) 8. We listened to his story. We became sympathetic. (long) 9. I wrote. My writing became illegible. (fast) 10. It snowed. The cars moved slowly. (hard) 11. We waited. We became impatient. (long) 12. It rained. He drove fast. (hard)