- •С.В. Иванова
- •Ббк 81.2 Англ
- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Preface to the second edition
- •Major trends in Theoretical Grammar of the English language
- •Classical English grammar
- •Transformational grammar
- •Functional Communicative Approach
- •Cognitive Grammar and Cognitive Linguistics
- •Supplementary literature:
- •2. Major grammatical notions
- •Language as a system
- •Chart 1. Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations
- •Chart 2. Paradigmatic patterns of a clause by m.A.K. Halliday
- •Interrogative→ “wh”
- •Indicative→ declarative→
- •Imperative → jussive38 →
- •Inclusive
- •Grammatical meaning, grammatical form and grammatical category
- •E.G. Work –worked
- •The notion of opposition in Theoretical Grammar
- •Synthetic and analytic forms
- •Morphology and Syntax as two main parts of grammar
- •Chart 3. The scope of morphology
- •Inflection word-formation
- •3. The notion of a morpheme
- •The idea and the definition of the morpheme
- •Types of morphemes
- •Problems connected with the notion of a morpheme
- •Characteristic features of inflectional morphology and types of word-form derivation
- •4. The parts of speech system
- •In foreign linguistics
- •Introduction to the problem
- •Classification of parts of speech suggested by Henry Sweet
- •3. O. Jespersen’s classification of parts of speech
- •4. Principles of the classification of words suggested by Charles Fries
- •Woggles ugged diggles
- •Uggs woggled digs
- •5. Classifications of parts of speech developed within structuralist linguistics
- •6. R. Quirk’s approach to the problem in his
- •Verb Preposition
- •Interjection
- •Modern grammars of contemporary English
- •5. The parts of speech system
- •In russian linguistics
- •The main criteria for the classification of parts of speech in Russian Linguistics
- •The concept of notional and formal words
- •6. The article
- •1. The status of the article in English
- •2. The number of articles in English
- •3. The categorial meaning and the functions of the article
- •7. Noun and its grammatical categories
- •Introduction. The categories of gender and number
- •The category of case
- •The syntactic function of the noun
- •8. The verb. General characteristics
- •The verb. General overview
- •2. The categories of person and number
- •3. The category of tense
- •9. The category of aspect
- •In modern english
- •The definition of aspect as a verbal category
- •Different approaches to the interpretation of aspect
- •The connection of the aspect interpretation with other lexicological issues: terminative and durative verbs
- •The correlation of the English aspect forms and Russian aspect forms
- •10. The category of retrospective coordination
- •The problem of the Perfect forms in the system of the English language
- •2. Different approaches to the interpretation of perfect forms
- •Interpretation of perfect forms as an independent grammatical category
- •11. The category of mood in modern english
- •1. The category of mood and its semantic content
- •Debatable issues connected with the interpretation of the category of mood
- •12. The category of voice
- •In modern english
- •The nature of the grammatical category of voice
- •2. Debatable problems within the category of voice
- •He told me a story.
- •3. The notion of transitivity
- •13. Syntax
- •Syntax as a branch of grammar
- •Units of syntactic description
- •The theory of phrase
- •Types of syntactic relations (linkage)
- •14. The sentence
- •The sentence: the problem of its definition
- •2. The sentence. Its major categories
- •3. Typology of the sentence
- •15. Sentence as an object of syntactic studies
- •Major features of the sentence as a syntactic unit
- •Syntactic structure of the sentence as an object of linguistic studies
- •Immediate constituents of the sentence: ic analysis
- •Adjoinment - the use of specifying words, most often particles: He did it – Only he did it.
- •The utterance. Informative structure of the utterance
- •Basic notions of pragmatic linguistics
- •Speech act theory. Direct and indirect speech acts. Types of speech acts
- •Discourse analysis as the study of language in use
- •Implicatures of discourse
- •Implicatures and indirectness
- •It is only due to making an assumption about the relevance of b’s response that we can understand it as an answer to a’s question.
- •A List of Selected Bibliography
- •List of reference and practice books
- •Terminological dictionaries
- •Seminars in theoretical grammar
- •Contents
3. Typology of the sentence
Linguists classify sentences according to different principles:
according to the thought expressed (declarative, interrogative, imperative);
according to their structure (one-member and two-member);
whether the S-P structure is complemented or not (extended and unextended);
whether the sentence contains other independent S-P structures (simple and composite) [Бархударов, Штелинг 1965: 280-281].
The complexity of language, the existence of border-line cases, ambiguity of definitions, broad headings and groupings, intrinsic connection of different syntactic structures entail further discussion and diversity of opinions in reference to each group. On the other hand, linguists do not feel quite satisfied with these separate criteria and, consequently, unmatched classifications. G.G. Pocheptsov made an attempt to combine the structural, informational, and communicative aspects and advanced a classification comprising the existing variety of sentence types. In the proposed classification sentences are divided into sentences proper and quasi sentences. Sentences proper contain some information and have the S-P structure. They are further subdivided into declarative (John came.), interrogative (Did John come?), optative (If John came.), and imperative (Come!). On the contrary, quasi sentences do not contain information, they do not have the S-P structure, but they have the status of a sentence because they substitute for it. They do not have any nominative content; they only imply it. Quasi sentences may be vocative (John!), exclamatory (Oh!), and meta communicative (Good day!) [Иванова, Бурлакова, Почепцов 1981: 174].
Recommended literature:
1. Бархударов Л.С. Структура простого предложения современного английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 1966. – С. 15-16, 20-28, 141-145, 172-180.
2. Блох М.Я. Практикум по теоретической грамматике английского языка / М.Я. Блох, Т.Н. Семенова, С.В. Тимофеева. – М.: Высшая школа, 2004. – С. 309—311, 328-332, 353-357.
3. Блох М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 2008. – С. 255-302.
4. Иванова И.П., Бурлакова В.В., Почепцов Г.Г. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 1981. – С. 164-183.
5. Ильиш Б.А. Строй современного английского языка. – Л.: Просвещение, 1971. – С. 182-190.
6. Иофик Л.Л., Чахоян Л.П., Поспелова А.Г. Хрестоматия по теоретической грамматике английского языка. – Л.: Изд-во «Просвещение», 1981. – С. 117-126, 133-137, 139-144, 150-167.
7. Кобрина Н.А. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка: Учебное пособие / Н.А. Кобрина, Н.Н. Болдырев, А.А. Худяков. – М.: Высшая школа, 2007. – С. 209-219.
8. Хаймович Б.С., Роговская Б.И. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 1967. – С. 220- 223, 233-246.
9. Худяков А.А. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. – М.: Издат. центр «Академия», 2005. – С. 56-72.
Supplementary literature:
1. Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков. – М.: ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2000. – С. 174-176.
2. Блох М.Я. Теоретические основы грамматики. – М.: Высшая школа, 2004. – С. 144-167.
3. Гак В.Г. Теоретическая грамматика французского языка. – М.: Добросвет, 2000. – С. 542-543, 547-556.
4. Гуревич В.В. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2003. – С. 39-41.
5. Смирницкий А.И. Синтаксис английского языка. – М.: Изд-во литературы на иностранных языках, 1957. – С. 100-107, 134-137, 258-261.
6. Современный русский язык / В.А. Белошапкова, Е.А. Брызгунова, Е.А. Земскова и др.; Под ред. В.А. Белошапковой. – М.: Азбуковник, 1999. – С. 685, 772.
7. Хлебникова И.Б. Основы английской морфологии. – М.: «ЧеРо», 2001. – С. 7-12.
8. Штелинг Д.А. Грамматическая семантика английского языка. Фактор человека в языке. – М.: МГИМИ, ЧеРо, 1996. – С. 180-186.