Task 3. Velocity sedimentation rate (vsr) determining.

To wash capillary pipette of Panchenkov with 5% solution of citrate sodium. To fetch this solution till the mark 75/25 mm³ and to blow it to the clock glass.

To prepare the finger, to prick it and to fetch blood till the mark 100 mm³. To blow blood to the clock glass and to mix it with citrate sodium in correlation of 1:4. To fill the pipette with this citric blood exactly till the mark “K” and to put it into support vertically for 1 hour. In 1 hour to determine the highland in mm of plasma column above formed elements.

2. Literature recommended:

1. Lecture course.

2. Mistchenko V.P., Tkachenko E.V. Methodical instructions for dental students (short lecture course).-Poltava, 2005.-P.38-39.

3. Mistchenko V.P., Tkachenko E.V. Methodical instructions for medical students (short lecture course).-Poltava, 2005.-P. 60-62.

4. Mistchenko V.P., Tkachenko E.V. Blood system Physiology //Methodical recommendations to practical classes for students of medical and dental departments.-Poltava, 2005.-20 p.

5. Kapit W., Macey R.I., Meisami E. The Physiology Colouring Book: Harpers Collins Publishers, 1987.-P. 135.

6. Guyton – Ganong – Chatterjee. Concise Physiology /Ed. By Dr Raja Shahzad Gull: M.B.B.S., F.C.P.S., King Edward Medical College.-Lahore, 1998 (1^st Edition).-P.170-171, 203-204.

7. Stuart Ira Fox. Human Physiology.-8^th Ed.-McGrawHill, 2004.-P.367-368, 377-378.

8. Seeley R.R., Stephens T.D., Tate P. Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology.-The 3^rd Ed.-McGraw Hill, 1999.-P.286-288.

2. Materials for self-control:

Control questions:

1. Blood system.

2. Blood content, its amount.

3. Blood functions.

4. Blood constants and their significance in clinical practice.

5. Blood main components, hematocrit.

6. Blood buffer systems, acidosis, alkalosis.

7. Erythrocytic osmotic resistance.

8. Velocity sedimentation rate, factors, influencing on it, diagnostic value.

9. Osmotic pressure.

10. Oncotic pressure.

11. Blood viscosity.

12. Blood temperature, blood color, factors they depend on.

0. Lesson 32

1. Erythrocytes number and hemoglobin concentration investigation

1. The topic studied actuality.

Erythrocytic stability to hemolysis is decreased at some diseases. Erythrocytes indexes determining is widely used all over the world for anemias differential diagnostics. Dentists can deal with anemias connected with salivary glands (for instance, parotid) pathology.

Erythrocytes morpho-functional indexes can be changed at oral cavity diseases in part of salivary glands, at phlegmons and abscesses.

2. Study aims:

To know: erythrocytes and hemoglobin structure, functions and normal value, representation about color index, erythrocytes hemolysis and influenced factors as well as erythropoiesis and its regulation.

To be able to: count Er and Hb level in blood as well as color index.

Pre-auditory self-work materials.

3.1.Basic knowledge, skills, experiences, necessary for study the topic:

Subject	To know	To be able to
Medical biological chemistry	Data about hemoglobin structure
Biophysics	Data about erythrocytes hemolysis	Assess osmotic hemolysis of erythrocytes
Medical Biology	Data about microscope main structural parts	Work with microscope, investigate hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic state in sodium chloride different-concentrated solutions
Histology, Cytology and Embryology	Data about microscope main structural parts, representations about erythropoiesis and its regulation	Work with microscope, recognize preparations of erythropoiesis at its different stages, tell about erythropoiesis on Chertkov-Vorobiyev scheme
Pathophysiology	About anemias reasons, types, main developmental mechanisms	Assess anemias types on the base of given indexes of erythrocytes number, hemoglobin concentration, colour index

3.2. Topic content

It is interesting to know

• If to put one erythrocyte on another one than one can receive the “column” more than 60 km in height.

• All erythrocytes surface is equal to 4000 m² in one human being.

• To count all erythrocytes in one human being one needs 475000 years if to count them with the velocity equal to 100 red blood cells in 1 min.

• There exists plant hemoglobin – legoglobin or leghemoglobin. It is present in the legumes (beans). Hem is produced by plant, while proteinic part – by bacterias that live on these plants and convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrogen-containing fertilizations. It is an example of double symbiosis in alive nature.

• Current research is being conducted in an attempt to develop artificial hemoglobin. One chemical that has been used in clinical trials is a perfluorochemical emulsion called Fluosol DA, a white liquid with a high oxygen affinity. Although the usefulness of hemoglobin substitutes is currently limited because artificial hemoglobin is destroyed fairly quickly in the body, future work may uncover more successful substitutes that can provide long-term relief for patients with blood disorders. The use of artificial hemoglobin could eliminate some of the disadvantages of using blood for transfusions. With artificial hemoglobin, transfusion reactions would not occur because of mismatched blood, and transferring diseases such as hepatitis or AIDS would be eliminated. In addition, artificial hemoglobin could be used when blood is not available.