- •Content
- •Сontent module 11: blood system physiology
- •Lesson 31
- •Blood physical-chemical features investigation
- •2. Study aims:
- •3.1.Basic knowledge, skills, experiences, necessary for study the topic:
- •3.2.Topic content
- •Introduction
- •Variations in plasma protein level
- •Increase in all fractions
- •Materials for auditory self-work.
- •Task 1. To get acquainted with blood taking technology for analysis performance.
- •Task 2. To determine erythrocytes osmotic resistance.
- •Task 3. Velocity sedimentation rate (vsr) determining.
- •2. Literature recommended:
- •Materials for self-control:
- •Lesson 32
- •Erythrocytes number and hemoglobin concentration investigation
- •Introduction and normal value
- •Variations in number of red blood cells
- •Variations in size of red blood cells
- •Variations in shape of red blood cells
- •In postnatal life and in adults
- •2. Hormones:
- •1. Vitamin b12 (Cyanocobalamin)
- •2. Intrinsic Factor of Castle
- •3. Folic Acid
- •Neural-humoral erythropoiesis regulation
- •Erythropoiesis inhibitors
- •Iron metabolism
- •Task 1. To determine erythrocytes amount in blood.
- •Task 2. Hemoglobin content determining in blood.
- •Task 3. To estimate blood color index.
- •Lesson 33
- •Blood groups belonging investigation
- •2. Study aims:
- •Table 2. The blood groups with their genotypes and their constituent agglutinogens and agglutinins
- •Materials for auditory self-work
- •4.1. List of study practical tasks necessary to perform at the practical class.
- •Task 2. To determine rhesus-factor while express-method usage.
- •Task 3. To perform probe on individual compatibility.
- •Literature recommended:
- •Materials for self-control:
- •Lesson 34
- •Leucocytes number, leucocytic formule investigation
- •2. Study aims:
- •Variations in the count of white blood cells
- •Innate immunity
- •Introduction
- •Immunization
- •1. Interleukins
- •2. Interferons
- •Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)
- •Differentiated leucocytes ageing changing in children
- •Leucocytes functions significance in dentistry
- •Materials for auditory self-work
- •Task 1 Leucocytes estimation in Goryaev’s chamber
- •5. Literature recommended:
- •Lesson 35
- •Platelets and vascular-platelet hemostasis investigation
- •1. The topic studied actuality.
- •Complications after teeth extraction in patients with microcirculative hemostasis disorders
- •2. Study aims:
- •Error: Reference source not found
- •4 Forms of platelets:
- •Hemostasis
- •Platelet plug formation
- •Vascular-platelet hemostasis
- •Vessels temporary spasm:
- •Vessels injury
- •Adhesion
- •Platelets
- •Releasing reaction
- •4. Materials for auditory self-work
- •4.1. List of study practical tasks necessary to perform at the practical class.
- •Task 1. Bleeding duration determining (by Duke).
- •Task 2. Aggregatogram analysis principle.
- •5. Literature recommended:
- •6. Materials for self-control:
- •Lesson 36
- •Blood coagulation investigation
- •Physiological bases of measurements at prolonged bleeding after tooth extraction
- •Physiological basement of patients preparation to tooth extraction at blood diseases
- •Complications occurring after tooth extraction in patients with blood coagulation disorders
- •2. Study aims:
- •3.1.Basic knowledge, skills, experiences, necessary for study the topic:
- •Topic content
- •Plasma blood coagulation factors
- •Materials for auditory self-work
- •Task 1. To study thromboelastogram.
- •5. Literature recommended:
- •6. Materials for self-control:
- •Lesson 37
- •Differentiated coagulogram. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) syndrome
- •2. Study aims:
- •3.1.Basic knowledge, skills, experiences, necessary for study the topic:
- •Topic content
- •Main pathological processes and influences accompanied by dic-syndrome development (dic ethiology)
- •Dic types:
- •4. Materials for auditory self-work
- •4.1. List of study practical tasks necessary to perform at the practical class.
- •Task 1. Coagulogram for dic-syndrome (disseminated intravascular coagulation) diagnostics
- •Task 2. To assess hematomic hemorrhagia type.
- •Task 3. To assess microcirculative (petekchio-spotted) haemorrhagia type
- •Task 4. To assess mixed (microcirculative-haematomic) bleeding type
- •Task 5. To get acquainted to doctor tactics at vasculite-purpure and microangiomatose bleedings types
- •5. Literature recommended:
- •6. Materials for self-control:
- •Lesson 38
- •Fibrinolysis and anticoagulants. Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis regulation
- •2. Study aims:
- •3.1.Basic knowledge, skills, experiences, necessary for study the topic:
- •3.2. Topic content
- •Table 5. Main primary physiological anticoagulants
- •Plasminogen
- •Hageman-dependent
- •Hageman-independent
- •Plasmin
- •Task 1. Blood fibrinolytic activity determining.
- •Task 2. Fibrinolytic bleeding laboratory diagnostics principles.
- •Task 3. Getting acquaintance with some tests characterizing hemostasis anticoagulant link
- •5. Literature recommended:
- •6. Materials for self-control:
- •Lesson 39
- •Total blood
- •2. Study aims:
- •3.1.Basic knowledge, skills, experiences, necessary for study the topic:
- •3.2. Topic content
- •Coagulogram changes in children
- •In mature new-borned
- •In immature new-borned:
- •Total blood
- •4. Literature recommended:
- •Lesson 40
- •Practical skills on blood system physiology
- •Glossary
- •Blood system physiology
- •Tests on blood physiology
HIGHER STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF UKRAINE
“UKRAINIAN MEDICAL STOMATOLOGICAL ACADEMY”
PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
ZAPOROZHETS T.N., TKACHENKO E.V.
PHYSIOLOGY
METHODICAL INSTRUCTIONS TO PRACTICAL CLASSES FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL PROPHILES
PART 2. VISCERAL SYSTEMS: “BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY”
МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ'Я УКРАЇНИ
ВИЩИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ЗАКЛАД УКРАЇНИ
“УКРАЇНСЬКА МЕДИЧНА СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНА АКАДЕМІЯ”
КАФЕДРА ФІЗІОЛОГІЇ
ЗАПОРОЖЕЦЬ Т.М., ТКАЧЕНКО О.В.
ФІЗІОЛОГІЯ
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНОГО ТА СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТІВ
ЧАСТИНА 2. ФІЗІОЛОГІЯ ВІСЦЕРАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ:
«ФІЗІОЛОГІЯ КРОВІ»
ПОЛТАВА 2009
Approved by
the Central methodical commission
the protocol N.4 from 19.02.2009
It has been composed by Zaporozhets T.N., d.med.sci., prof., Tkachenko E.V., cand.med.sci., assistant
Reviewers:
The doctor of medical sciences, professor Kostenko V.A., the head of pathological physiology department of higher state educational institution of Ukraine “Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy”, Poltava.
Cand.Phil.Sci Znamenskaya I.V., the higher lecturer of foreign languages department of higher state educational institution of Ukraine “Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy”, Poltava.
The manual contains theoretical material and material for practical classes, questions for students' self-preparing as well as tests and tasks (with answers) for training to Krok-1. It is illustrated by figures and tables.
Затверджено Центральною
методичною комісією
Протокол № 4 від 19.02.2009 р.
Склали: Запорожець Т.М., д.мед.н., професор. Ткаченко О.В., к.мед.н., асистент
Рецензенти:
Доктор медичних наук, професор Костенко В.О., завідувач кафедри патологічної фізіології Вищого державного навчального закладу України “Українська медична стоматологічна академія”, м.Полтава
Кандидат філологічних наук Знаменська І.В., старший викладач кафедри іноземних мов Вищого державного навчального закладу України “Українська медична стоматологічна академія”, м.Полтава
Посібник містить теоретичний матеріал та практичні завдання, питання до самопідготовки студентів, а також навчальні тести та задачі (із відповідями) для підготовки до ліцензійного іспиту з “Крок-1”. Посібник вдало ілюстрований тематичними малюнками і таблицями.
Content
СONTENT MODULE 11: BLOOD SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY 5
LESSON 31 5
BLOOD PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL FEATURES INVESTIGATION 5
LESSON 32 18
ERYTHROCYTES NUMBER AND HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION INVESTIGATION 18
11. LESSON 33 39
BLOOD GROUPS BELONGING INVESTIGATION 39
LESSON 34 48
LEUCOCYTES NUMBER, LEUCOCYTIC FORMULE INVESTIGATION 48
LESSON 35 80
PLATELETS AND VASCULAR-PLATELET HEMOSTASIS INVESTIGATION 80
LESSON 36 91
BLOOD COAGULATION INVESTIGATION 91
LESSON 37 101
DIFFERENTIATED COAGULOGRAM. DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION (DIC) SYNDROME 101
LESSON 38 112
FIBRINOLYSIS AND ANTICOAGULANTS. BLOOD COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS REGULATION 112
LESSON 39 122
TOTAL BLOOD 122
LESSON 40 133
PRACTICAL SKILLS ON BLOOD SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY 133
GLOSSARY 133
BLOOD SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY 133
TESTS ON BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY 139
Сontent module 11: blood system physiology
“Blood reflects like in mirror
all processes taking place
in alive organism”.
Lesson 31
Blood physical-chemical features investigation
1. The topic studied actuality. Blood is characterized by lots of constants that can be either very stable or hard (so, their change even a bit can lead to serious, irreversible changes or even to death – pH, plasma ionic content, osmotic and oncotic pressures, plasma proteinic content, oxygen partial pressure, glucose content et al.) or unstable (they can vary in wide ranges and these variations do not lead to any serious results in organism functioning – circulating blood volume, formed elements content, hemoglobin level, blood viscosity, velocity sedimentation rate et al.). Blood system belongs to one of the most sensitive indicators testifying about organism state both under norm and pathology. Oral cavity also can suffer at blood pathological conditions.
2. Study aims:
To know: blood content and its functions in organism, blood constants and their significance in clinics, in part, in stomatological one; blood main components, hematocrit, blood buffer systems, acidosis, alkalosis, erythrocytes osmotic resistance, velocity sedimentation rate and affecting factors.
To be able to: estimate erythrocytes osmotic resistance, velocity sedimentation rate and assess the results received.
3. Pre-auditory self-work materials.
3.1.Basic knowledge, skills, experiences, necessary for study the topic:
Subject |
To know |
To be able to |
Bioinorganic, bioorganic, physical-colloid chemistry |
Data about buffer systems, blood proteins, osmotically-active substances |
|
Medical biological chemistry |
Data about buffer systems, blood proteins |
Assess given indexes of acid-alkaline equilibrium and make a conclusion about possible reasons and developmental mechanisms |
Biophysics |
Data about oncotic and osmotic pressure, hematocrit, velocity sedimentation rate, blood viscosity, erythrocytes osmotic resistance |
Count hematocrit, velocity sedimentation rate and blood viscosity, erythrocytes osmotic resistance |
Medical Biology |
Data about osmosis, osmotic pressure |
|
Pathophysiology |
About metabolic and respiratory alkalosis and acidosis reasons and developmental mechanisms |
Assess given indexes of acid-alkaline equilibrium and make a conclusion about possible reasons and developmental mechanisms |