- •1. Explain electrodeposition technology of tungsten
- •2. Discraibe the electrodeposition technoly of molybdenum.
- •3. Explain electrodeposition technoly of rhenium
- •4. Explain electrodeposition technoly of platinium.
- •6. Explain electrodeposition technoly of rhodium
- •7. Explain electrodeposition technoly of osmium.
- •10. Give a certificate of electrochemical methods of Thallium
- •11. Explain electrochemical deposition methods Iridium
- •12. Give an explanation about Electrochemical methods of obtaining germanium.
- •13. Tell about electrochemical methods of producing niobium
- •14. Give an explanation about Electrochemical obtaning methods of vanadium
- •16. Explain about the technology of electrochemical production of bismuth
- •17.Tell about the technology of electrochemical production of titanium
- •18. Tell about the technology of electrochemical production of gold
- •19.Tell about the technology of electrochemical production of silver.
- •20. How to prepare electrolyte for electrodeposition of niobium from organic solution
- •21. How to prepare alkaline glycerol electolyte for electrodeposition of antimony.
- •22. How to prepare alkaline electolyte for electrodeposition of Gallium
- •24. Explain Kazarov, Loshkarev and chloride electrolyte solution for obtain indium.
- •25. Discribe about Marchenko, Ionychev and cyanide electrolyte solution for obtain indium.
- •26.Discribe about sulforic acid and hbf4 electrolyte solution for obtain indium.
- •27. Iurev and Icakova Elctrolyte for obtain ruthenium.
- •28. How to prepare chloride or Kadaner electrolyte for electrodeposition of ruthenium
- •29. How to prepare electrolyte solution for electrodeposition of ruthenium
- •30.Discribe about electrolyte solution for electrodeposition of platinium.
- •31. How to prepare chloride electrolyte for electroreduction of paladium
- •32. How to prepare chloride electrolyte for electroreduction of paladium
- •33.How to prepare nitrite electrolyte for electroreduction of paladium
- •34. How to prepare sulfamine and monoethanolamine electrolyte for electroreduction of paladium
- •35. How to prepare amino chloride electrolyte for electroreduction of rhodium
- •36. Tell about electrolyte composition for obtain of osmium
- •37. Explain chloride electrolyte for obtain Iridium by electrochemical process.
- •38. Tell about nitrite electrolyte solutions for deposition of platinium.
- •39. How to prepare nitirc electrolyte for electrodeposition of bismuth
- •40. How to prepare organical electrolyte for electrodeposition of bismuth.
- •41. How to prepare electrolyte solution for electrodeposition of arsenium
- •42. Explain cyanide electrolyte solution forelectro deposition of silver.
- •43. Explain cyanide electrolyte solution for electro deposition of gold.
- •44. How to prepare sulfamine and monoethanolamine electrolyte for electroreduction of palladium
- •45. How to prepare amino chloride electrolyte for electroreduction of rhodium
16. Explain about the technology of electrochemical production of bismuth
For the deposition of bismuth used chloride, nitrate and fluoboric electrolyte.Composition and operation of electrolyte based on sodium bismuthate:
Sodium bismuthate, g / l 70-100
Hydrochloric acid, ml / l 200-300
Clay joiner, g / l 2
Temperature, ° C 15-25
The current density DK, A / dm2Up 2
Current efficiency 100% ....
The electrolyte is prepared by dissolving in hydrochloric acid NaBiO3 forming NaBiCl4 and chlorine release. Dissolution produce under the hood with heating and stirring. Adjustment electrolyte made mainly of hydrochloric acid. Covers up to 30 microns thickness are obtained smooth and shiny.
The electrolyte is based on nitric acid bismuth has the following composition and mode of operation:
Bismuth nitrate Bi (N03) 3.5H20, g / l 15
As anodes used metallic bismuth,
Nitric acid HN03, ml / l 15-20
Temperature, ° C 15-20
The current density DK, A / dm2 0.2
Current efficiency of 100%
As insoluble anodes used platinum. At the beginning of the process should be given a "push" current. Coatings are obtained smooth and finely crystalline. With increasing cathodic current density to 0.6-0.7 A / dm2 coating quality is maintained, but the current efficiency drops to 90%. There is a good diffusing capacity of the electrolyte.
To obtain bismuth thick coatings (about 100 microns) developed electrolyte based on organic compounds. The electrolyte for the original components composed of bismuth citrate, trisodium citrate, sodium sulfate and polyethylene polyamine. The following concentration of components is recommended for thick coatings (g / l):
Bismuth citrate 60
Sodium citrate. 325
Sodium sulphate. 20
7.5 polyethylene polyamines
For the preparation of electrolyte for calculating predetermined amount of sodium citrate is dissolved in half the volume of water, after which the resulting solution was heated to 50 ° C and a solution of sodium hydroxide pH value was adjusted to 14. A weighed amount of bismuth citrate is introduced into the solution with stirring until dissolved. Then introducedSodium sulphate and polyethylenepolyamine, separately preparing a solution of citric acid, pH value of the electrolyte was adjusted to 7.5, the electrolyte is poured to water displacement and start to work. The working temperature of the electrolyte of 25 ° C and a cathodic current density of 0.5 A / dm2, under stirring. The resulting bismuth layer of dense, fine-grained and semi-bright. The cathodic current efficiency of 94%. The microhardness of the coating 60 kgf / mm2. Coupling with solid copper base. There electrolyte stability in operation. Adjustments are made according to the analysis, and polyethylene polyamine additives are added every 50 Ah / work.
On the basis of organic compounds designed electrolyte with the following composition (g / l) and the mode of operation:
Bismuth nitrate 16-20
Trilon B 150-170
20-25 ammonium citrate
Clay joiner 2.5-3
Temperature, ° C 15-25
pH 9-9,5
The current density DK, A / dm2 0.5-1