The verb (глагол)

SIMPLE TENSES

Present Simple	Past Simple	Future Simple
V1/Vs (3 л. ед.ч.) Do…V1? Does … V1? … don’t + V1 …doesn’t + V1 Always, usually, generally, sometimes, from time to time, occasionally, every (day, week…), often, seldom, rarely	V2/Ved Did … V1? … didn’t +V1 Yesterday, ago, last (month, year)	will V1 Will … V1? … will not (won’t) + V1 Tomorrow, next (week, month), soon, in 5 minutes (hours, days)

The Present Simple Tense

Exercise 1. Read and learn.

Where’s Mary?

Where’s Mary?

Mary who?

Mary Brown.

She’s out of town.

Where’s Bill?

He’s very ill.

Where’s Sue?

She has the flu.

Where’s Ted.

He’s home in bed.

Where are Bob and Ray?

They’re absent today.

Exercise 2. Make these sentences negative and interrogative, and then give short answers.

1. She is my aunt. 2. My parents are at home. 3. His nephew is young. 4. I am a student. 5. A ticket is in the bag. 6. It is an interesting story. 7. Children are in the park. 8. He is a good speaker. 9. The house is close to the lake. 10. No news is good news. 11. Everything is good in its season. 12. The rooms are comfortable. 13. I am still at college. 14. Her papers are here.

Exercise 3. Read and learn.

Checklist

Are the light on?

Yes, they are.

Is the blackboard clean?

Yes, it is.

Is there a chalk on the blackboard?

Yes, there is.

Are the students here?

Yes, they are.

Is it time to begin?

Yes, it is.

Exercise 4. Give short answers.

1. Is the work difficult? 2. Is your uncle in town? 3. Are her children in the yard? 4. Is your grandmother old? 5. Are parks green in spring? 6. Is Brazilian coffee horrible? 7. Are ham sandwiches expensive? 8. Are you often late for classes? 9. Is Lake Baikal deep? 10. Is the book on sale?

Exercise 5. Translate the expressions with the verb to be. Make up your own sentences with them.

Example: When I’m tired, I relax.

When I’m ill, I go to see a doctor.

To be absent to be angry with to be tired of

To be present to be hungry to be upset

To be ill to be thirsty to be late for

To be healthy to be interested in to be ready for

To be afraid of to be mistaken to be bored

To be hot to be sorry to be glad

To be cold to be proud of to be busy with

Exercise 6. Match the expressions and responses.

1. I’m bored.	What’s the matter?
2. I’m late for work.	Calm down.
3. I’m tired.	Read a magazine.
4. I’m hungry.	Take some medicine.
5. I’m thirsty.	Go to bed.
6. I’m ill.	Go to the café.
7. I’m angry.	Have a drink.
8. He’s absent	Take a taxi.

Exercise 7. Translate the sentences with the verb to be in the Present Simple Tense.

1. Мы рады их видеть. 2. Ты ошибаешься. 3. Он рад сделать это для вас. 4. Вы сердитесь на меня? 5. Извините, но вы ошибаетесь. 6. Я голоден. Давай пойдем в кафе. 7. Ей никогда не бывает скучно. 8. Они здесь по делу. 9. Его нет дома, он на работе. 10. Время – деньги. 11. Какой твой адрес? 12. Почему он здесь? 13. Вы часто опаздываете? 14. Это не моя тетрадь. 15. Ее тетя не медсестра, она врач.

Exercise 8. The Present Simple endings s/es have three pronunciations. Put the verbs in the correct columns.

s	Z	iz
asks	Reads	watches

Meets, tells, visits, stands, discusses, gives, finishes, takes, closes, lasts, receives, studies, plays, thanks, goes, puts, finds, answers, repeats, washes, returns, teaches, sits, looks.

Exercise 9. Read and learn.

Habits

Bob gets up at six o’clock.

He never wakes up late.

He always gets up early.

He never sleeps till eight.

He always drinks his coffee black.

He never uses cream.

He rarely has a sleepless night.

He never has a dream.

He does his breakfast dishes,

then puts them on the shelf,

walks around the kitchen

humming to himself.

Exercise 10. Answer the questions according to the model.

Example: I play tennis once a week. What about her? → She plays tennis once a week, too.

They don’t ask many questions. What about her? → She doesn’t ask many questions, either.

1. I always talk too much when I am nervous. What about him? 2. I sometimes play computer games for two hours a day. What about Fred? 3. My uncle never misses a train. What about his children? 4. I understand what you mean. What about your friend? 5. We never go to work by bus. What about your colleagues? 6. You go to the gym three times a week. What about your friend? 7. She speaks English and French. What about his parents? 8. I never have coffee in the morning. What about her?

Exercise 11. Read and learn.

Couch Potato

Do you like to swim?

Do you like to ski?

I’m a couch potato.

I like TV.

Does he like to swim?

Does he like to ski?

He’s a couch potato.

He likes TV.

He doesn’t like to swim.

He doesn’t like to ski.

He’s a couch potato.

He likes TV.

Exercise 12. Make these sentences negative and interrogative, and then give short answers.

1. He is a good swimmer. 2. I do my work carefully. 3. Richard walks to his college. 4. It is a rainy day today. 5. We live in the country. 6. The train always stops at this station. 7. The exercise is long and difficult. 8. I learn to write English. 9. My little daughter misses home badly. 10. It snows hard. 11. My friends and I like sunbathing on the beach. 12. Their brother usually drives to his office. 13. They are fond of hiking. 14. Miss Smith has parties every month. 15. Our neighbours spend a lot of money on paintings.

Exercise 13. Use the verb in brackets in the Present Simple Tense.

1. We (learn) English at the University. 2. I (like) music and pictures. 3. She (play) chess very well. 4. They (live) in London? 5. My friend (work) at an office. 6. He (not walk) much. 7. Harry (climb) big mountains. 8. I (not have) an answer to the question. 9. His wife (make) very good coffee. 10. Our friend (speak) three foreign languages. 11. He (have) a key for the room. 12. He (swim) in the afternoon? 13. Her uncle generally (wear) a grey suit. 14. You (drink) much tea? 15. It (not rain) a lot where I live. 16. Your sister (go) to work by bus? 17. He (have) a car but he (not drive) very often. 18. I often (meet) him at the bus stop. 19. Our classes (begin) at eight o’clock. 20. Our University (train) engineers.

Exercise 14. Answer the questions using sometimes, always, usually, generally, occasionally, from time to time, often, rarely, seldom.

1. What time do you usually get up? 2. What time do you usually have breakfast? 3. Do you have it alone or with the family? 4. What do you have for breakfast? 5. Who cooks breakfast for you? 6. What time do you leave home? 7. Where do you study? 8. How do you get to the university? 9. How long does it take you to get to the university? 10. What do you do at the university? 11. Where do you have your lunch? 12. Who do you have your lunch with? 13. When are your classes over? 14. What do you do after lessons? 15. What time do you arrive home? 16. What do you do in the evening? 17. Do you have a bath or a shower in the evening? 18. What time do you go to bed? 19. Do you fall asleep immediately? 20. How often do you go to the cinema? 21. What do you do at weekends?

Exercise 15. Think of a job. Students will ask you questions. You can only say ‘yes’ or ‘no’.

Example: Do you… (build things, help people, use a computer)?-Yes I do.

Do you work …( inside, outside, in an office)? - No, I don’t.

Exercise 16. Make the sentences true for you using words and phrases given. Then make questions from the sentences. Begin: How often do you…? Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.

Adverbs: always, usually, often, sometimes, never

once twice three times	a	day week month year
every

1. I get up late in the morning. 2. I go for a walk in the afternoon. 3. I’m tired in the evenings. 4. I have dinner in a café. 5. I read a book before I go to bed. 6. I visit my friends at the weekend. 7. I go to the theatre. 8. I switch my mobile off before my English class. 9. I go on holidays. 10. I do the cooking. 11. I am calm before exams. 12. I gossip about other people. 13. I give up my seat for old people in transport. 14. I ask people before I borrow their things.

Exercise 17. Translate the sentences with the Present Simple Tense.

1. Это фотография нашей семьи. 2. Их дети на каникулах. 3. Медсестра носит форму. 4. Ее родители живут в деревне. 5. Аня не говорит по-французски. 6. Вы понимаете итальянский язык? 7. Мой племянник хорошо водит машину. 8. Когда прибывает поезд? 9. Мои любимые актеры играют в этом фильме. 10. Я не сержусь на Вас. 11. Бабушка присматривает за детьми днем. 12. Он часто опаздывает на занятия? 13. Где они живут? 14. Она не читает газеты вечером. 15. Он занят докладом по астрономии. 16. Мне не нравится этот журнал. 17. Мы рады встретить Вас здесь. 18. Он не интересуется новыми теориями. 19. Журналисты знакомятся со многими интересными людьми.

Exercise 18. Find the Russian equivalents to the following proverbs and quotations.

1. The appetite comes with eating. 2. The early bird catches the worm. 3. Youth comes but once in a lifetime. (H.W. Longfellow) 4. God helps those who help themselves. 5. Haste makes waste. 6. Every cook praises his own broth. 7. Every dog has its day. 8. All’s well that ends well. 9. A bad workman always blames his tools. 10. Walls have ears. 11. Every medal has two sides. 12. Clothes do not make the man. 13. When one door shuts another opens. 14. The young man knows the rules, but the old man knows the exceptions. 15. Every family has a skeleton in the cupboard. 16. God heels, and the doctor takes the fees. 17. Life is a mirror: if you frown at it, it frowns back; if you smile, it returns the greeting. (W. Thackeray) 18. Tastes differ.

Exercise 19. Speak on:

• your usual working day;

• your usual weekend;

• your usual summer (winter) holiday

The Past Simple Tense

Exercise 1. Read and learn.

I Was There

I was there.

Where were you?

I was there.

Where was Sue?

Sue was there.

Where was Bill?

He was there.

Where was Jill?

She was there.

Where was Joe?

Where was Joe?

I don’t know.

Exercise 2. Use the verb to be in the Past Simple Tense.

1. He ___ there before me. 2. The translation ___ easy. 3. There ___ a beautiful park behind our house. 4. The plan ___ complete. 5. Where ___ you last year? 6. Mary and I ___ in the library yesterday. 7. Our town ___ small many years ago. 8. Kitty’s sisters ___ students last year. 9. There ___ a beautiful cathedral on this square. 10. His letters ___ in the box. 11. I ___ in the garden all the afternoon. 12. Their children ___ in the country last summer. 13. The teacher ___ in the classroom when I came. 14. We ___ hungry so we went to the café. 15. He ___ healthy and energetic because he played tennis.

Exercise 3. Ask questions according to the model.

Example: - I went to the cinema. (good)

- Was the film good?

1. The picture was nice. (expensive) 2. He took the exam. (difficult) 3. There were cups on the table. (clean) 4. They were our neighbours. (friendly) 5. There was a good singer at the party. (famous) 6. It was a long conversation. (important) 7. We were in the museum. (interesting) 8. She liked listening to music. (classic) 9. Our group went to the theatre. (play/wonderful) 10. I saw him only yesterday. (with his girlfriend)

Exercise 4. The past tense ending –ed has three different pronunciations. Put the verbs in the correct column.

[t]	[d]	[id]
asked	loved	landed

Protected, boiled, tied, played, developed, studied, walked, washed, depended, kissed, moved, stopped, noted, turned, mixed, contained, divided, prepared, relied, passed, added, crossed, offered, invited, produced, performed, watched, wanted.

Exercise 5. Read and learn.

What’s the Matter with Bob?

What’s the matter with Bob?

He lost his job.

What’s wrong with Sue?

She got the flu.

What’s the matter with Jack?

His check came back.

What’s wrong with Bill?

He got a chill.

What’s wrong with Peg?

She broke her leg.

What happened to Rose?

She bumped her nose.

Exercise 6. Change the verbs according to the model.

Example: to ask

asked

Did I ask?

I didn’t ask

To borrow, to change, to clean, to finish, to hate, to want, to retire, to check, to give, to practice, to break, to go, to smell, to translate, to take, to know, to use, to type, to write, to feel, to improve, to dance, to bring.

Exercise 7. Use the verbs in the Past Simple Tense.

1. I (play) tennis yesterday. 2. It (be) a nice day. 3. It (not rain) last Monday. 4. He (drink) two cups of coffee for breakfast. 5. Why you (do) it? 6. Tom (see) Helen in the garden. 7. My brother (drive) a car when he (be) sixteen. 8. Ann (not ask) any questions. 9. How long they (stay) in Moscow? 10. The group (go) to the museum yesterday. 11. Where you (spend) your summer holidays? 12. I (not sleep) well last night. 13. The story (not be) interesting. 14. They (be) at school yesterday? 15. She (visit) her sick friend yesterday.

Exercise 8. Make these sentences negative and interrogative, and then give short answers.

1. We stayed in this hotel last summer. 2. I started work at nine o’clock yesterday. 3. They were in the cinema a month ago. 4. We bought a camera yesterday. 5. My sister could use a computer when she was seven. 6. They visited many countries last holiday. 7. He was born five years ago. 8. She had many cousins. 9. His sons found an old record. 10. He got up late last week. 11. Kate was afraid to be alone. 12. They worked seven hours a day. 13. My brother went to school when he was six. 14. Mr. Black played chess in the evening. 15. He was alone in the big family. 16. Grandmother looked after my younger sister. 17. There were many guests at the party. 18. It took ten hours to get to the place. 19. Jane came from Spain three days ago. 20. Roger woke up at six yesterday.

Exercise 9. Tell about your favourite school teacher.

1. What was the teacher’s name? 2. What subject did she/he teach? 3. How often did you have lessons with her/him? 4. What did she/he look like? 5. Why did you like her/him? 6. Do you remember a particular moment with this teacher? 7. What happened?

♫Exercise 10. Fill in the missing words. Listen to the song and check your answers.

troubles be me play came say away stay yesterday (x3)

Yesterday

Yesterday,

All my ___ seemed so far away,

Now it looks as though they’re here to ___,

Oh, I believe in ___.

Suddenly,

I’m not half the man I used to ___,

There’s a shadow hanging over ___,

Oh, yesterday ___ suddenly.

Why she had to go I don’t know, she wouldn’t ___,

I said something wrong, now I long for ____.

Yesterday,

Love was such an easy game to ___,

Now I need a place to hide ___,

Oh, I believe in ___.

What does the song mean?

1. Yesterday life was great. Then she left me. Now I feel awful.

2. Yesterday life was awful. So I left her. Now I feel great.

Exercise 11. Answer the questions according to the model.

Example: Did you take my pencil? (No/ your pen)

No, I didn’t. I took your pen.

1. Did they find her at home? (No/ in the library). 2. Did he go by train? (No/by plane) 3. Did she have tea for breakfast? (No/ coffee) 4. Did they read the text in class? (No/at home) 5. Did you swim in the lake? (No/ in the river) 6. Did we meet them on Wednesday? (No/ on Sunday) 7. Did they eat meat for dinner? (No/ fish) 8. Did he leave his car in the street? (No/in the yard) 9. Did John buy a newspaper yesterday? (No/a magazine) 10. Did mother bring any apples? (No/ some oranges)

Exercise 12. Complete the sentences with the verb in the negative form. Example: We traveled by rail but we ___ by air. →

We traveled by rail but we didn’t travel by air.

1. We went to the cinema but we ___ to the theatre. 2. He had some paper but he ___ a pen. 3. They worked on Tuesday but they ___ on Saturday. 4. She bought some meat but she ___ any bread. 5. I lost my tickets but I ___ my driving license. 6. Tom saw Mary but he ___ Jane. 7. They revised the text but they ___ grammar rules. 8. Henry spoke French but he ___ Italian. 9. The firm received a lot of letters but it ___ any telegrams. 10. She took English lessons but she ___ German lessons.

Exercise 13. Number the times in chronological order then write sentences about you. Use each expression once.

this morning 6

last winter __

in 2002 __

the day before yesterday __

yesterday evening __

ten years ago. __

Exercise 14. Put these pictures into the correct order to tell a story. Begin like this:

Last night Frank woke up (c).

He heard a noise (i)

switch on the light go upstairs wake up

get into bed take off his dressing gown open the door

see a cat open the bedroom door hear a noise

put on his dressing gown switch off the light go to sleep

go downstairs listen at the door get out of bed

Exercise 15. Use the verbs in the Present Simple or Past Simple Tense.

1. Egypt (grow) a lot of cotton. 2. The boys (go) to the party yesterday? 3. Mr. Green (drive) to work every day. 4. John (see) me four days ago. 5. Bill often (lose) his keys. 6. She usually (go) home on foot? 7. He (be) always late for his classes. 8. He (not/take) English lessons every day. 9. The roses (grow) very well last year. 10. I (phone) you yesterday but you (not/be) at home. 11. Yesterday we (wait) for the bus but it (not/come). 12. Tom (not/speak) English well when he (be) ten years old. 13. She (take) the train to work every morning. 14. It rarely (get) very hot in Britain. 15. Mike (win) more than twenty medals when he (be) an athlete. 16. Leonardo da Vinci (be) a painter, a sculptor, an architect, an engineer, and a scientist. 17. Many of my groupmates (be) from other cities. 18. I (phone) my parents a few days ago.

Exercise 16. Use the correct word from the box to complete each question.

Do Is Am Did Does Were Are Was

1. ___ you in the office last Monday? 2. ___ your new boss know your name? 3. ___ the new product on sale yesterday? 4. ___ the computer system down yesterday? 5. ___ you go to the conference last week? 6. ___ you work on any special projects last year? 7. ___ I late for the meeting? 8. ___ you belong to any professional organizations?

Exercise 17. Read and learn.

Solomon Grundy

Solomon Grundy Worse on Friday,

Born on Monday Died on Saturday,

Christened on Tuesday, Buried on Sunday.

Married on Wednesday, That was the end

Fell ill on Thursday Of Solomon Grundy.

Exercise 18. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Мы купили пирожные к чаю. 2. Они много работали на прошлой неделе. 3. Я подождал своих друзей. 4. Погода вчера была холодной, но солнечной. 5. В котором часу вы пришли домой? 6. Они не хотели идти на собрание. 7. У него была дорогая машина. 8. Мы жили в деревне два года назад. 9. Где вы были вчера вечером? 10. Писатель рассказал нам о своей книге. 11. Она не опоздала на автобус. 12. Когда вы обсуждали этот вопрос?

Exercise 19. Find the Russian equivalents to the following proverbs and quotations.

1. Curiosity killed the cat. 2. He that never climbed never fell. 3. I came, I saw, I conquered. (J. Caesar) 4. God made the country and man made the town.

Exercise 20. Speak on:

- your activities yesterday;

- your last holiday;

- your last birthday party

The Future Simple Tense

Exercise 1. Read and learn.

Don’t Worry, I’ll Do It

Don’t worry, I’ll do it.

That’s a promise.

You will?

Of course I will.

I’ll do it. You’ll see.

That’s a promise.

Don’t forget!

Don’t worry, I won’t

That’s a promise. You’ll see.

You can count on me.

Exercise 2. Use the verb in the Future Simple Tense.

1. I (be) an engineer. 2. We (discuss) the example later. 3. John (come) if you ask him. 4. My uncle (give) me a bicycle for my birthday. 5. We (not allow) him to open the box. 6. He (carry) your bag for you. 7. Your friends (come) and have a game? 8. They (lend) you some money. 9. He (work) hard to get a job. 10. They (paint) the house next week? 11. She (not recognize) him. 12. You (have) one of these cakes? 13. The Smiths (leave) France tomorrow. 14. Jack (be) at home at 3o’clock tomorrow. 15. We (not go) to the beach tomorrow morning.

Exercise 3. Make these sentences negative and interrogative, and then give short answers.

1. My friends will come to see me tomorrow. 2. He will meet his brother on Tuesday. 3. They will do the work at once. 4. My sister will be a doctor. 5. I will be at home at 4 o’clock. 6. Mary will study English next year. 7. We will receive a lot of letters. 8. Our lesson will be over soon. 9. They will spend the weekend in the country. 10. The traffic will be very heavy here in rush hour.

Exercise 4. Say these sentences in the Future Simple.

1. They sold their cottage last year. 2. Did you go to see him yesterday? 3. I wrote to her three weeks ago. 4. What time does Mrs. Green have lunch? 5. They built a new house five years ago. 6. Mr. Brown drives the car to his office. 7. They did not stay with us last Christmas. 8. We usually take a plane to the seaside. 9. It snows in January a lot. 10. He doesn’t help his younger brother to do his homework. 11. They told us about their work. 12. Ann is glad to see you. 13. Students got a lot of experience at the plant. 14. She doesn’t cook breakfast for us. 15. Did you phone your friends yesterday?

Exercise 5. Ask about the time of the action.

Example: We are going to meet him next Sunday.

When will you meet him?

1. He is going to arrive home late. 2. Tom is going to visit his grandparents. 3. We are going to watch TV tonight. 4. She is going to ring Nick tomorrow. 5. They are going to join us tomorrow. 6. The train is going to leave soon. 7. Father is going to come home for lunch. 8. I am going to ask them for help. 9. My friend is going to buy a new car. 10. They are going to make a trip around Europe.

Exercise 6. Say, what you will do in the following situation.

1. When I have my own car I’ll ___. 2. When I am free I’ll ___. 3. When I am old ___. 4. If I win one thousand dollars ___. 5. If my parents have holidays in summer ___. 6. When I have a large cottage ___. 7. When I arrive in New York ___. 8. As soon as I get to the Cyprus ___. 9. If I know English well ___. 10. When I marry ___.

Exercise 7. Answer the questions according to the model. Begin your answer with No, but I think…

Example: Is it raining this morning? (this afternoon)

- No, but I think it will rain this afternoon.

1. Are there any cakes for lunch? (for dinner) 2. Are your parents at home now? (in the evening) 3. Did you discuss this topic yesterday? (tomorrow) 4. Has she already come? (in an hour) 5. Did he see them last week? (next week) 6. Is she through with her work? (in ten minutes). 7. Did you ring him in the morning? (in the afternoon). 8. Did he return you the books? (next week) 9. Did they show you photos? (next time) 10. Did you book tickets yesterday? (tomorrow).

Exercise 8. What will you do if …

1. you are lost in the city? 2. you don’t know anyone at the party? 3. it rains and you don’t have an umbrella? 4. you don’t like the food in the restaurant? 5. you lose your money? 6. you don’t buy tickets to the cinema? 7. you find one’s wallet? 8. you have a high temperature and there is no one at home? 9. there is nowhere to go in the evening? 10. you can’t translate the text?

Exercise 9. What do you usually say in these situations?

Example: You are at the cinema with a friend. Offer to buy the tickets.

I’ll buy the tickets.

1. You are going on holidays. Promise to send your friend a postcard.

____________________________________________________

2. It’s a sunny morning. Predict the weather for the afternoon.

_____________________________________________________

3. You can’t do your homework. Ask your English teacher to help you.

_____________________________________________________?

4. Your mother can’t find her car keys. Offer to help her look.

_____________________________________________________

5. You are in a café. Order a cup of coffee and a cheese sandwich.

_____________________________________________________

Exercise 10. Complete the sentences so that they are true for you.

Example: Next weekends, I’ll meet my friends for a chat.

1. From time to time, I’ll ___. 2. For lunch, I’ll ___. 3. In the evening, I’ll ___. 4. If ever I’m bored, I’ll ___. 5. If I can, I’ll ___.

Exercise 11. Complete the dialogues with will or won’t.

1. A: Please try to be on time. I don’t want to wait too long.

B: I/ not/ late

2. A: I’m really worried about the test next Monday.

B: Everything/ fine

3. A: I don’t understand this question. It’s so difficult.

B: I/ help

Make your own dialogues

Exercise 12. Use the verbs in the Present Simple, Past Simple or Future Simple Tenses.

1. We usually (write) questions at home. 2. My parents (be) at home on Sunday. 3. They (stay) in the hotel last summer? 4. They (not discuss) many articles last lesson. 5. We (go) to France next holiday. 6. He (have) dinner in the restaurant yesterday. 7. Our lesson (be) over soon. 8. The group (make) an interesting experiment last lesson. 9. She always (go) to the university by bus. 10. He (not play) tennis every day. 11. All students (pass) exams last session? 12. I (be) at work till eight tomorrow. 13. She (be) ill and (not go) to the party yesterday. 14. They often (meet) their friends. 15. We (study) English next year. 16. Our team (win) the game in the last competition. 17. Birds (fly) to the South in autumn. 18. They (do) this work in a week? 19. We (receive) letters from our friends a week ago. 20. Children always (go) to bed early. 21. They (not be) ready in an hour. 22. My grandfather (retire) last year. 23. The shop (start) work tomorrow. 24. He usually (watch) TV in the evening? 25. You (be) a worker or an engineer? – I (be) a worker. 26. They (buy) a video last year. 27. The sun (rise) in the East.

Exercise 13. Find the Russian equivalents to the following proverbs.

1. When the cat is away, the mice will play. 2. Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl. 3. A small leak will sink a great ship. 4. He that will eat the kernel must crack the nut. 5. Don’t make yourself a mouse or the cat will eat you. 6. Give us the tools and we will finish the job. 7. If you run after two horses you will catch none.

Exercise 14. Speak on:

- your plans for the next holiday;

- your plans for the next weekend

TO BE GOING TO

Exercise 1. Read and learn.

What Are You Going to Do at Two?

What are you going to do at 2?

What are you going to do?

Where are you going to be at 3?

Where are you going to be?

Who are you going to see?

What are you going to say?

How are you going to go?

Where are you going to stay?

What are you going to do?

Who are you going to see?

When are you going to leave?

Where are you going to be?

Exercise 2. Here are the plans of various members of a family. Put the sentences together, using to be going to.

Beginnings	Ends
Jane/ study She/ try to become But first, she/ spend Max/ do maths and science Then he/ train Jennifer’s eight, and she doesn’t know One day she says And the next day she says she/ This summer, Jane/ Max/ spend Their parents/ spend Then they/	a professional pianist. a year learning German. as a pilot. decorate the house. for his final exam. music in Vienna. she/ be a dancer. the summer learning to fly. start her own business. stay with her aunt in America. two weeks walking in Scotland. what she/ do.

Exercise 3. Look at the pictures and say what is going to happen.

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

Exercise 4. Use the following phrases to make good resolutions for the future, using to be going to.

1. spend more /less time 2. spend more/less money on 3. do more 4. study 5. stop 6. arrive on time 7. give up 8. try to be 9. keep in touch 10. pass exams. 11. to keep fit

THERE + TO BE

There is/are there was/were there will be There is/are going to be there has/have been there had been

We use there is to say that something exists (or doesn’t exist) somewhere.

Exercise 1. Read and learn.

Is There Anybody Here from Thailand?

Is there anybody here from Thailand?

Are there any students here from Peru?

Is there anybody here from Tahiti?

Is anyone from Katmandu?

Is there anybody here from Bali?

Are there any students here from Rome?

Is there anybody here from Quito?

Are there any students from Nome?

There’s one student from Thailand.

There are two students here from Peru.

There are three students here from Tahiti.

There’s no one here from Katmandu.

Exercise 2. Put in the correct form of there + to be.

1. ___ no water on the moon. 2. ___ no railways in the 18th century. 3. Once upon a time ___ a beautiful princess. 4. Tomorrow ___ snow. 5. ___ some soup, if you are hungry. 6. ___ any potatoes? 7. ___ wars all through the history. 8. ___ many tigers left in the wild world. 9. ___ an accident. Can I phone? 10. I’m afraid ___ time to see Granny.

Exercise 3. Make these sentences negative and interrogative, and then give short answers.

1. There are English books in my bag. 2. There was a telegram on the table. 3. There will be many changes in the text. 4. There were boxes on the floor. 5. There is a cat in the window. 6. There’ll be a cinema near our house. 7. There is a ghost in this castle. 8. There were a lot of mistakes in your test. 9. There will be an interesting show on TV tomorrow. 10. There are my friends on the photo. 11. There will be plenty of people at the stadium. 12. There was somebody in the room.

Exercise 4. Use the correct form of the verb to be.

1. Look! There ___ her address in the letter. 2. There ___ a hospital, a park and a cinema near our house. 3. How many students ___ there in your group? 4. There ___ seven days in a week. 5. There ___ my aunt, my uncle and a sister on the photo. 6. There ___ a football match on TV last night. 7. There ___a party in the club tonight. 8. There ___ four rooms in my flat. 9. There ___ an English club in our school next year. 10. When I came into the room, there ___ a lot of people there.

Exercise 5. Translate the sentences into English.

1. В нашем городе много университетов. 2. В зале два окна. 3. На этой улице были дома? 4. В комнате никого не было. 5. Возле этой стены будет стоять стол. 6. Сколько статей в этом журнале? 7. В вазе стояли розы. 8. На столе лежит книга и несколько журналов. 9. В театре было много детей. 10. Рядом с бассейном будет парк. 11. Здесь поблизости есть автобусная остановка?

Exercise 6. Compare the following pictures using there is / there are. Make affirmative and negative sentences.

Example: There is no river in picture 2.

There are two mountains in picture 1.

Picture 1 Picture 2

Exercise 7. Find the Russian equivalents to the following proverbs.

1. There is a black sheep in every flock. 2. There is many a slip between the cup and the lip. 3. There is no place like home. 4. There is no rose without a thorn. 5. There is no smoke without fire. 6. There is nothing new under the sun. 7. There is a will there is a way.

Exercise 8. Limericks are humorous poems. They begin by introducing a person and a place. They rhyme AABBAA, and have a strong rhythm. Practice saying the limericks. Remember to keep to the strong rhythm.

There once was a man from Harare

Who bought a brand new Ferrari.

Now the buck and the gnu

And the elephants too

Hide away when he goes on safari.

***

There was this old man from France

Who did nothing else but dance.

He could foxtrot and tango

While eating a mango.

But get on TV? Not a chance.

Exercise 9. This Limerick has no rhymes. Supply, instead of fork, and quick, words that rhyme with Danoon [d∆nu:n], and instead of flesh a word that rhymes with eat.

There was an old man from Danoon

Who always ate soup with a fork,

For he said, “As I eat

Neither fish, fowl nor flesh,

I should finish my dinner too quick.

CONTINUOUS TENSES

To be + Ving (PI)

Present Continuous	Past Continuous	Future Continuous
am is + Ving are Am…. Is…. Ving ? Are …. … am not … is not (isn’t) Ving … are not (aren’t) Now, at the moment, at present, still	was + Ving were Was … Ving? Were … … was not (wasn’t) Ving … were not (weren’t) 1) from … to … yesterday 2) the whole (evening) 3) when mother came	will be + Ving Will … be Ving? … will not (won’t) be Ving 1)from … to … tomorrow 2) when mother comes 3) the whole (morning) tomorrow

The Present Continuous Tense

Exercise 1. Read and learn.

What’s She Doing?

What’s she doing?

She’s writing a book.

What’s he doing?

He’s learning to cook.

What are you doing?

I’m learning to drive.

What are they doing?

They’re learning to dive.

What’s Dan doing?

He’s writing a letter.

What’s Fran doing?

She’s knitting a sweater.

Exercise 2. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Continuous Tense.

1. He (think). 2. We (eat) our dinner. 3. Helen (greet) a visitor. 4. The journalist (interview) someone. 5. I (speak) on the phone. 6. He (read) a report. 7. The children (drink) milk. 8. Where the children (play)? 9. The man (stand) near the window. 10. The students (plan) their holidays. 11. It (rain) outdoors. 12. Tourists (look for) a hotel. 13. The pupil (do) his lessons. 14. The horses (run) fast. 15. What she (learn)?

Exercise 3. Make these sentences negative and interrogative, and then give short answers.

1. He is packing his things. 2. I am waiting for my friend. 3. The girls are smiling. 4. She is going to the hospital. 5. My uncle is mending his car. 6. The birds are singing in the trees. 7. Children are playing with a dog. 8. I am looking for a pet for my daughter. 9. We are trying to find Christmas presents. 10. The family is drinking coffee. 11. The student is writing on the blackboard. 12. It is snowing hard. 13. Mary is helping her mother. 14. The boys are riding bicycles. 15. They are driving along the road.

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences. Use the verb in brackets in the Present Continuous Tense.

1. Hi. Yes. I’m on the train. We ___ (come) into Central Station. 2. Excuse me! I ___ (try) to work! 3. I ___ (tell) you the truth. I promise. 4. Let’s stay here. It ___ (rain) outside. 5. And three players ___ (speak) to the referee who ___ (hold) up a red card.

Exercise 5. Agree with the statement, but say that the action is not taking place at the moment.

Example: Mary speaks French.

- She does. But she is not speaking French at the moment.

1. Helen sometimes goes to the firm by taxi. 2. Nick always gets ready for work. 3. The sun shines brightly in June. 4. They usually attend a conference once a month. 5. We often wait for her after classes. 6. The secretary usually airs office in the morning. 7. Chris often works with a computer. 8. The market sometimes expands. 9. He always takes messages. 10. They usually meet foreign delegations.

Exercise 6. Answer the questions according to the model.

Example: Are the girls very busy just now?

Yes, they are. They are reading for their exams.

1. Is John very busy just now? (write a letter) 2. Is Susan very busy just now? (have breakfast) 3. Is Miss Green very busy just now? (type) 4. Is Fred busy tonight? (go to the concert) 5. Is the boss very busy just now? (call to London) 6. Are the students very busy just now? (conduct experiments) 7. Is Mary very busy just now? (check the correspondence) 8. Are the engineers very busy just now? (draw a scheme) 9. Is Pete busy today? (organize tomorrow’s meeting) 10. Are Sue and Ted busy today? (meet the delegation)

Exercise 7. Put questions to these sentences.

Example: The train is coming from Glasgow. (Where?)

- Where is the train coming from?

1. The bus is going to Moscow. (Where?) 2. They are speaking about the conference. (What?) 3. She is looking at the picture. (What?) 4. The boys are laughing at his jokes. (What?) 5. The granny is looking after her grandchildren. (Who?) 6. He is pointing at the picture. (What?) 7. We are listening to the radio. (What?) 8. Children are thinking about their vacations. (What?) 9. They are coming from the journey. (Where?) 10. The boy is running after the bus. (What?) 11. I am thinking about my mother. (Who?) 12. They are giving it to Nick. (Who?) 13. She is chatting with her friend. (Who?) 14. Tom is waiting for Helen. (Who?) 15. We are having lunch with a group of businessmen. (Who?)

Exercise 8. Answer the questions in the Present Continuous Tense.

1. What are you doing in the shop? (choose a jacket) 2. What is Kate doing in the kitchen? (cook dinner) 3. Why are the children so quiet? (listen to an interesting story) 4. Why are they tired? (work hard) 5. Why is she working so late? (read for exams) 6. Where are you hurrying? (run to college) 7. Why is Fred making such a terrible noise? (play football) 8. Why are you leaving so soon? (go to the University) 9. What is Jack doing here? (wait for his girlfriend) 10. Why is she so busy today? (type the letters)

Exercise 9. Open the brackets, using the verb in the Present Simple or Present Continuous Tenses.

1. I (read) now. 2. He (sleep) now. 3. We (drink) tea now. 4. They (go) to the university now. 5. They (not carry out) experiments now. 6. He (not translate) the text now. 7. You (work) now? 8. He (play) now? 9. She (go) to the library now? 10. What (do) now? 11. Where (stay) now?

I (read) every day. He (sleep) every night. We (drink) tea every morning. They (go) to the university every day. They (not carry out) experiments every week. He (not translate) texts every lesson. You (work) every day? He (play) in the afternoon? She (go) to the library every month? What (do) every evening? Where (stay) usually?

Exercise 10. Choose the correct form of the verb. Which sentences are true for you? Which sentences are not true? Write some more sentences about yourself using the ideas.

1. I’m learning/learn to drive at the moment. 2. I’m speaking/speak more than two languages. 3. I’m not liking/don’t like football. 4. I’m never reading/read fashion magazines. 5. At the moment, I’m reading/read a very interesting book. 6. I’m wearing/wear black shoes today. 7. I’m going/go to the gym every day. 8. I’m usually spending/spend weekends with my family. 9. I’m looking/look for a job at the moment. 10. I’m trying/try to give up smoking right now.

Exercise 11. Use the verb in brackets in the Present Simple or the Present Continuous Tense.

1. Why you (smile)? – I (smile) because I’m happy. I always (smile) when I’m happy. 2. Kate (play) the piano well. She (play) the piano now. 3. The sun (set) in the West. 4. I (not understand) this exercise. 5. The telephone (ring). Answer it. 6. She is a vegetarian. She (not eat) meat. 7. Look! The boy (climb) the tree. 8. John (smoke) ten cigarettes a day. 9. Mother (make) toasts in the kitchen. She usually (make) toasts for breakfast. 10. That is my sister over there. She (sit) in the armchair. 11. Mr. Brown is a businessman. He (work) all over the world. 12. I (not hear) you. Speak louder, please. 13. Tom is tired, so he (have) a short shower. 14. She (hate) big cities. 15. We (look) for a new house. Could you help us? 16. He (remember) that holiday quite well. 17. Can you be quiet? I (try) to read. 18. Look out! Our daughter (come). 19. Can you explain why you always (stay) in this hotel? 20. What you (do) at the moment? Shall we go for a walk?

Exercise 12. Translate into English. Use the Present Continuous or Present Simple.

1. Майк ремонтирует свою машину в гараже. Он всегда ремонтирует ее сам. 2. Том примеряет костюм в примерочной. 3. Я не могу дать тебе эту книгу, потому что я ее читаю. 4. Вы много читаете? - Да. Я беру книги в библиотеке каждую неделю. 5. Куда ты бежишь? - Я бегу на 9 часовую электричку. 6. В следующую субботу я уезжаю в Италию. 7. Меня кто-нибудь ждет? - Несколько человек ждут вас в вестибюле. 8. Он сейчас не говорит по телефону, он читает газету. 9. Дети не ходят в бассейн по понедельникам, они ходят туда по воскресеньям. 10. Она принимает душ. Пожалуйста, позвоните позже. 11. Я много работаю, поэтому не смотрю телевизор очень часто. 12. Смотрите! Том и Энн идут к нам. 13. Каждые выходные мы катаемся на велосипедах в парке. 14. Извините, я должен идти. Такси ждет меня.

Exercise 13. Use the verbs in the Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple Tenses.

1. Excuse me. You (stand) on my toe. – Oh, sorry. 2. You can’t see Nick now. He (have) a bath. 3. What (you/do) in the evenings? – I just (relax). 4. What (you/do) in my room? – I (look for) a pen. 5. What (you/do) yesterday evening? – I (visit) my friend. 6. Usually he (speak) so quickly that I (not/understand) him. 7. Yesterday I (ask) you to tidy up your room but you (not/listen) to me. 8. Look! It (rain) again. Take the umbrella. 9. You needn’t do the washing up. Mary (do) it when we finish breakfast. 10. He can’t give me this book because he (read) it. 11. (you/go) swimming last Sunday? – Yes, I always (go) swimming at weekends. 12. Mr. Brown is busy at the moment. He (talk) to his partner. 13. Usually we go walking in the evenings but now we (stay) at home because the weather is nasty. 14. What are your plans for the summer? - My friend and I (go) to Egypt. 15. Your sister (speak) French? – No, she learnt English at school.

Exercise 14. Translate into English. Use the Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple Tenses.

1. Вчера я сходил в билетную кассу и купил два билета до Москвы. 2. Наши друзья катаются на лыжах каждое воскресенье. Они редко остаются дома. 3. Что ты сейчас делаешь? – Я упаковываю чемодан. Завтра я еду в отпуск. 4. Где Анна? - она на кухне разговаривает с бабушкой. 5. Я всегда покупаю лотерейные билеты, но я редко выигрываю. 6. Смотрите! Поезд едет по мосту. 7. В прошлом году мой брат купил новую машину, и теперь он много путешествует. 8. Выключи телевизор, пожалуйста. Я готовлюсь к экзамену. 9. Они уехали два часа назад. Значит, сейчас они подъезжают к деревне. 10. Кто-то стучит в дверь. Я открою. 11. Он сейчас разговаривает с посетителем, но позже он поговорит с вами. 12. Каждый год мы с друзьями ездим на море, но этим летом мы едем в Германию. 13. После лекции профессор ответил на все вопросы. 14. Я в тренажерном зале. Я позвоню тебе позже. 15. Мы вышли из дома, сели в машину и поехали за город.

Exercise 15. Look at the picture. What are the employees doing when their boss is out?

Exercise 16. Translate the proverb and the joke.

Proverb: If everything is under control, you are moving too slowly.

Joke: Two little girls are talking: “Where are you going with that bow and arrows?” - “I am going next door to make Johnny fall in love with me”.

Exercise 17. Speak on:

- You are at the English lesson. What are the students and the teacher doing?

The Past Continuous Tense

Exercise 1. Read and learn.

Who Was That Man You Were Talking To?

Who was that man you were talking to?

That was my brother Lou.

Who was that woman he was sitting with?

That was his girlfriend Sue.

Who were those people you were waving to?

Those were my friends from Maine.

Who was that woman you were talking to?

That was my students from Spain.

Exercise 2. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Continuous Tense.

1. John got off the train while it (go). 2. It (rain) when we went out. 3. I (play) the piano when he came into the room. 4. Tom (work) all day yesterday. 5. The boy hurt his foot while he (climb) the tree. 6. The child (eat) his dinner when I came home. 7. He (walk) when the rain began. 8. We (listen) to music the whole party yesterday. 9. The worker (paint) the house during several days. 10. The children (play) in the yard when I saw them.

Exercise 3. Make these sentences negative and interrogative, and then give short answers.

1. The boys were swimming in the lake. 2. She was working hard in the garden. 3. Mary was helping her mother to cook. 4. I was writing on the blackboard. 5. The athletes were running fast. 6. They were sitting on the bench talking. 7. It was raining hard at 5 o’clock. 8. The ship was going to New York. 9. Children were sleeping in their room. 10. A man was smoking in the corridor. 11. We were watching TV. 12. The girls were looking at the picture attentively. 13. He was speaking English. 14. The bird was making a nest. 15. The cat was sitting under the table. 16. The Browns were drinking coffee in the garden. 17. The girls were baking a cake. 18. I was having dinner. 19. He was waiting for her in the street. 20. They were staying in the hotel.

Exercise 4. Change the verbs in the sentences into the Past Simple or Past Continuous tenses.

1. The noise was coming from the street. 2. He didn’t work in the garden. 3. Did you point directly at him? 4. Was he wearing a grey coat? 5. They were not looking for him. 6. I tried to do my work. 7. Did you speak to the boss? 8. The clock was striking twelve. 9. We were having a lesson. 10. Students didn’t revise the rules. 11. The secretary typed a letter. 12. Did the boy answer the question? 13. They were speaking in a loud voice. 14. The children were not sleeping. 15. Were you travelling by ship?

Exercise 5. Answer the questions.

1. What were you doing at 5 o’clock yesterday? 2. Who was waiting for you when the classes were over? 3. Who did you meet when you were walking along the street? 4. What was your friend doing five minutes ago? 5. What was your mother doing when you left home? 6. Were you watching TV from 7 to 9 in the evening yesterday? 7. Where were you going at 6 o’clock?

Exercise 6. Answer the questions in the Past Continuous tense.

Example: When did she meet Helen? (walk along the street)

- She met Helen when she was walking along the street.

1. When did she meet Helen? (walk along the street) 2. When did you catch a cold? (ski in the forest) 3. When did he ring you up? (have supper) 4. When did he learn the language? (live abroad) 5. When did she hear this song? (listen to the radio) 6. When did you buy this book? (read for my exams) 7. When did Philip lose his camera? (walk about the city) 8. When did the boy hurt himself? (ride a bicycle) 9. When did she write these poems? (have a holiday)

Exercise 7. Answer the questions in the Past Continuous tense.

1. Why didn’t you go out yesterday? (rain heavily) 2. Why didn’t you come to the party? (read for the seminar) 3. Why didn’t he stop to talk to you? (hurry to the lecture) 4. Why did James want this book? (write an article) 5. Why did they tell him to be quiet? (watch TV) 6. Why didn’t he come up to them? (speak to his teacher) 7. Why did you switch off the cassette recorder? (work) 8. Why didn’t you go to the disco? (snow hard) 9. Why did they stay at home? (do the flat)

Exercise 8. Answer the questions according to the model.

Example: What were you doing while she was cooking breakfast? (lay the table)

- While she was cooking breakfast, I was laying the table.

1. What was Ann doing while Hob was repairing the bike? (make sandwiches) 2. What was he doing while you were watching TV? (sleep) 3. What was James doing while Helen was washing up? (mend the car) 4. What were you doing while your mother was cooking dinner? (wash the floor) 5. What were they doing while their children were playing in the garden? (have a rest) 6. What was the husband doing while his wife was playing the piano? (read a newspaper) 7. What was mother doing while her children were decorating the New Year tree? (cook dinner) 8. What were the brothers doing while you were making tea? (play chess)

Exercise 9. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or Past Continuous tenses.

1. She (to meet) Carol when she (walk) along the street. 2. He (write) a letter when I (see) him. 3. What you (do) at this time yesterday? 4. The boy (fall) down when he (run) for the bus. 5. She (play) the piano when you (enter) the room. 6. We all (get) a terrible shock. 7. Jane (wait) for me when I (arrive). 8. While she (pick) the broken glasses she (cut) her finger. 9. I (pay) for my things when I (hear) someone call my name. 10. John (read) in bed when suddenly he (hear) a knock at the door. 11. Susan (meet) a friend while she (do) shopping. 12. When I (wake) up this morning it (rain). 13. What you (do) when your sister (come in)? 14. You (see) him yesterday? – Yes. He (stand) in the hall laughing. 15. He (play) in the club when he first (see) her. 16. The men (fight) when the police (arrive). 17. She (travel) around Canada at the time. 18. She (sit) in front of the fire when her husband (arrive) from work. 19. Wendy (look for) some curtains when she (see) this material. 20. Some of the guests (dance) the others (listen) to music. 21. When he (hear) of this talented artist? 22. People (walk) along the seashore and (enjoy) the cool evening air. 23. Mr. Smith (travel) home after a party when he (lose) the control of the car. 24. She (come) to see us when we (stay) with our friends in London. 25. She (send) a fax while the secretary (type) the letter.

Exercise 10. I opened the curtains and…. Imagine that this was the view from your window when you got up. Say what was going on outside at the time.

Exercise 11. Translate the sentences using the Past Simple or Past Continuous tenses.

1. Я смотрел в окно, когда увидел в небе самолет. 2. Поезд проходил по мосту, когда открылась дверь купе, и вошел проводник. 3. Вчера в 6 часов вечера мы играли в футбол. 4. Вчера вечером я видел его. Он ремонтировал машину, когда я подошел. 5. Мы обсуждали новость, когда ты нам позвонил. 6. В прошлые выходные моя семья ездила за город. 7. Когда мы вышли из дома, пошел дождь. 8. Они гуляли в парке, когда встретили меня. 9. Что вы делали в 2 часа вчера? 10. Друзья стояли на платформе, когда подошел поезд. 11. Свечи ярко горели, когда мы сели за стол. 12. Когда она проснулась, солнце светило и пели птицы. 13. Вчера он купил билет и уехал домой. 14. В это же время вчера я ехал на машине в университет.

Exercise 12. Complete the sentences about you using the Past Continuous tense. Compare your answers with your partner.

1. I once had an accident when I ___. 2. When I left the house today, the sun ___. 3. I met ___ when I ___. 4. At eight o’clock last night, I ___. 5. At seven o’clock this morning, I ___. 6. When I came to the lesson, the teacher ___.

Exercise 13. Complete the texts with the Past Simple or Past Continuous forms of the verbs.

There are lots of stories about accidental inventions. Are they myths or are they reality? Read these stories. Do you believe them?

A long time ago, a boy called Frank Epperson (1)___(drink) a cold drink outside his house when he (2)___ (decide) to go back inside. That night the weather was very cold. The next morning, when Frank (3) ___ (look for) his drink, he (4) ___ (discover) the world’s first ice lolly!

In 1853, a chef (5) ___ (work) in a restaurant when a customer (6) ___ (complaint) about the potatoes. The customer said they were too big and they (7) ___ (not be) cooked. The chef was annoyed, so he cut up the potatoes very thin and cooked them for a very long time. The customer (8) ___ (love) these first potato crisps!

A doctor (9) ___ (experiment) with a new medicine when two businessmen (10) ___ (drink) some of it. The businessmen (11) ___ (not think) it was good medicine, but they (12) ___ (like) the taste. It became Coca-Cola.

Exercise 14. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or Past Continuous tenses.

Many years ago, while I (1) ___ (travel) through Europe by train, I (2) ___ (have) the chance to visit most of the major European capitals and admire the fantastic scenery. One day, as the train (3) ___ (pass) through the French countryside it suddenly (4) ___ (stop) at a small picturesque village because of engine problems. While we (5) ___ (wait) for the train to be repaired, we (6) ___ (get off) to do some sightseeing for a couple of hours. I (7) ___ (go) to a cosy restaurant where I (8) ___ (enjoy) some wonderful local cuisine and (9) ___ (taste) some exquisite French wine. In the end, I (10) ___ (not/mind) the delay at all!

Exercise 15. Put the verbs in the Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous tenses.

1. When I (see) him yesterday he (walk) with his girlfriend. 2. He never (listen) to what you say. 3. He always (think) about something else. 4. You (walk) too fast. Please, slow down. 5. When I (leave) the airport, Mike and Ann (still/talk) to the customs officer. 6. Last week my grandmother (come) to visit us. She (still/stay) with us. 7. What are your plans for the weekend? – We don’t know yet. I think we (go) to the cinema. 8. Look! The dog (jump). I think he (want) to go out. 9. Before we leave we should write a message for mother. – OK, I (do) it. 10. Can you read that advertisement? – No, I can’t, because I (not/wear) my glasses. 11. At this time yesterday we (sit) in our compartment and (talk). 12. Don’t worry. I (give) you a lift to the airport. 13. When you (phone) yesterday evening I couldn’t talk to you because I (help) my brother with Maths. 14. Come and have dinner with us in the evening. – Sorry, I can’t. I (go) to the theatre. 15. Sit down. I (read) a funny story for you. 16. Martin (break) his arm while he (skate).

Exercise 16. Translate the sentences using the Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous forms of the verbs.

1. Я лежал на пляже, когда кто-то взял мою сумку. 2. Когда я вошел в гостиную, все гости уже сидели за столом и ели. 3. На следующей неделе я еду в Москву. Я думаю, что я куплю билет в день отъезда. 4. Прошлым летом мы были в Египте и видели пирамиды. 5. Посмотрите, птицы улетают на юг. Это значит, что зима приближается. 6. Когда я пришел посмотреть их новый дом, они красили стены в спальне. 7. Мы ездим за город каждое лето. 8. Вечером все пришли домой, пообедали и сели в гостиной смотреть телевизор. 9. Вечером приезжает Анна. Мы идем на вокзал встречать ее. 10. В это же время вчера я был в библиотеке, писал доклад по философии. 11. Майк сидел на берегу реки и рыбачил, когда увидел чью-то шляпу в воде. 12. Я посмотрел в окно и увидел моего друга, который махал мне рукой. 13. Когда мы подъезжали к городу, машина сломалась. 14. Подождите, пожалуйста. Я должен позвонить родителям. Я звоню им каждый день. 15. Эта сумка тяжелая для тебя. Я понесу ее. 16. Я не хотел видеть Тома. Когда он вошел в комнату, я вышел. 17. Я нашел старую фотографию, когда искал свой паспорт. 18. Майк в гараже, он моет машину. 19. Каждый день Филипп ждет меня после занятий. 20. Поторопись. Анна ждет нас в кафе.

The Future Continuous Tense

♫Exercise 1. A song to enjoy.

She’ll Be Coming Round the Mountains

She’ll be coming round the mountain, when she comes,

She’ll be coming round the mountain, when she comes,

She’ll be coming round the mountain, coming round the mountain,

Coming round the mountain, when she comes.

She’ll be driving six white horses, when she comes,

She’ll be driving six white horses, when she comes,

She’ll be driving six white horses, driving six white horses,

Driving six white horses, when she comes.

And we’ll all go out to meet her, when she comes,

And we’ll all go out to meet her, when she comes,

And we’ll all go out to meet her, all go out to meet her,

All go out to meet her, when she comes.

And we’ll all have chicken dumplings, when she comes,

And we’ll all have chicken dumplings, when she comes,

And we’ll all have chicken dumplings, all have chicken dumplings

All have chicken dumplings, when she comes.

Exercise 2. Use the verb in the Future Continuous tense.

1. We (have) dinner in the train. 2. You (go) to school. 3. She (write) a letter. 4. They (learn) grammar. 5. The baby (draw). 6. The teacher (wait) for the pupils. 7. Fred (drive) to Paris. 8. My neighbour (work) in his garden. 9. The workers (build) the bridge. 10. Richard (play) football.

Exercise 3. Make the sentences negative and interrogative and then give short answers.

1. I will be writing a report tomorrow at 2 o’clock. 2. Jack will be watching TV. 3. Kate will be reading up for exams. 4. Our friends will be playing computer games. 5. Mr. Smith will be fixing a fridge. 6. Brother will be listening to music. 7. The secretary will be typing letters. 8. We will be discussing the article. 9. I will be having my breakfast. 10. They will be driving home. 11. He will be waiting for you at 7 o’clock. 12. They will be packing tomorrow. 13. She will be meeting her old friends. 14. Mrs. Johnson will be hurrying to the station. 15. I will be thinking about you.

Exercise 4. Answer the questions.

Example: Will Ann be going home at five?

- Yes, she will. She will be going home at five.

1. Will Ann be going home at five? 2. Will Tom be waiting for us at six? 3. Will your friends be watching TV at night? 4. Will the students be making experiments in the laboratory? 5. Will parents be having dinner when we arrive? 6. Will sister be cleaning the flat when we come? 7. Will Sue be preparing for her talk at the seminar? 8. Will you be hurrying home after classes? 9. Will the Browns be traveling next June? 10. Will your daughter be having English lesson?

Exercise 5. Answer the questions.

1. How far will he be driving today? (until he reaches Manchester) 2. How long will your uncle be staying with you? (for a couple of weeks) 3. How long will she be reading? (until she finishes the magazine) 4. How long will they be staying in London? (until next week) 5. How much will you be practicing the piano? (until six o’clock) 6. How long will the mechanic be mending my car? (the whole week)

Exercise 6. Change the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the Future Continuous tense.

Example: Don’t call me at six. (have a bath)

Don’t call me at six. I will be having a bath.

1. Don’t ring them up at seven in the morning. (sleep) 2. Don’t wait for Helen tomorrow. (stay at home) 3. Don’t come to see him after lunch. (type) 4. Don’t send us any letters in August. (travel) 5. Don’t call on her tonight. (pack) 6. Don’t leave the child alone. (cry) 7. Don’t tell grandmother about it. (grumble) 8. Don’t expect him to come on Sunday. (work)

Exercise 7. Answer the questions using the Future Continuous tense.

1. What will he be doing at this time tomorrow? (meet a foreign delegation) 2. What will you be doing tomorrow afternoon? (drive to the river bank) 3. What will the grandfather be doing when we arrive? (work in the garden) 4. What will Ann be doing on Friday? (make a dress) 5. What will your brother be doing at the University for five years? (study medicine) 6. What will your sister’s family be doing at this time next week? (bathe in the sea) 7. What will they be doing at this time tomorrow? (fly to Moscow) 8. What will this professor be doing next term? (lecture at the institute) 9. What will she be doing at the party tomorrow? (sing folk songs) 10. What will we be doing at the party? (dance) 11. What will he be doing tomorrow? (pack his things) 12. What will Jane be doing at the airport? (see off her friends) 13. What will the boys be doing on their holidays? (swim and to go for walks)

Exercise 8. Use the verbs in brackets in the Future Simple or Future Continuous tenses.

1. I hope we (not disturb) John when we drop in tonight. 2. Be careful with the dog. It (bite) you. 3. My friend (study) Physics for five years. 4. I (buy) her a present for her birthday. 5. He (have) a bath and (not answer) your call. 6. Don’t expect him to come next Monday. He (work). 7. My friends (fly) to the USA at this time tomorrow. 8. Susan (not come) to Opera House. She doesn’t like ballet. 9. He (work) in the garden and he (not hear) the phone. 10. Don’t worry. She (not work). She never works in the evening. 11. The students (write) a test at 10 o’clock tomorrow. 12. I have nothing to wear for this party, and Ann (wear) something beautiful.

Exercise 9. Use the correct form of the verb to be.

1. Listen! The clock ___ striking. 2. Where ___ you going at 5 o’clock yesterday? I ___ going to the cinema. 3. He ___ celebrating his birthday tomorrow. 4. I saw you yesterday at 6.You ___ going to the beach. 5. My sister ___ coming to see us tonight. 6. ___ you going to the shop? Buy some milk for me. 7. At about 10 p.m. last night you ___ getting on a bus with a strange girl. 8. Soon our baby ___ walking. 9. What ___ you looking for? I ___ trying to find my glasses. 10. While my mother ___ paying for the things I bought ice cream for both of us. 11. Tomorrow we will have a party. The guests ___ dancing and enjoying themselves.

Exercise 10. Use one of the Continuous tenses.

1. Where is Helen? She (do) her room. 2. And now she (cry). See what you’ve done. 3. When I looked in they (discuss) the problem. 4. Go straight up the street tomorrow. The car (wait) for you at the entrance. 5. The driver has seen us. He (stop) the car. 6. Don’t call me at 12 tomorrow. I (take) my son to the hospital. 7. I realized that they (not pay) attention to me any longer. 8. Tomorrow we’ll have a party. What dress you (wear)? 9. You (watch) TV? Shall I switch it off? 10. When I came in my mother (read) a newspaper and the father (watch) TV.

Exercise 11. Translate into English.

1. Что вы делаете здесь так поздно? 2. Я встретил Анну, когда шел домой. 3. Они отдыхали, а дети играли во дворе. 4. Джон работал вчера целый день. 5. Я буду думать о вас. 6. Не входите в класс! Ученики пишут тест. 7. Я звонил тебе вчера полчаса. 8. Пока мы шли домой, шел сильный дождь и дул холодный ветер. 9. Мы будем отдыхать на юге все лето. 10. Где твоя сестра? Она помогает маме на кухне. 11. Что ты будешь делать завтра в это время? 12. Что вы делали вчера в это время?

Exercise 12. Use the verbs in the Present Simple, Future Simple or Future Continuous tenses.

1. When we arrive at the platform, our friends (wait) for us there. 2. If you (want) to talk to me, call me at 7 in the evening. I (not/work). 3. At this time next Saturday they (fly) to Spain. 4. Don’t buy any food today. I (do) it on my way home. 5. The baby (sleep) when you come. 6. Don’t give her roses. She (like) tulips. 7. Pamela never forgets my birthday. I’m sure she (congratulate) me as usual this year. 8. At 6 o’clock tomorrow we (drive) to our holiday home. 9. If you like this book, I (give) it to you again. 10. We are late for the party. When we (arrive) everybody (sit) at the dinner table. 11. Can we meet at 2 o’clock in the afternoon tomorrow? – Not at 2 o’clock. I (work). 12. When I travel by a long-distance train I always (take) an upper berth. 13. Where do you want to spend your holidays? – I think I (go) to Italy. 14. Don’t call me tomorrow morning. I (sleep). 15. Usually he (spend) Christmas with his family.

Exercise 13. Use the verbs in Simple and Continuous tenses.

1. Last month Mike (lose) his job. Now he (look for) a new job. 2. The boys (play) cards when they heard their father’s voice. 3. When we arrive I think everybody (dance). 4. While I (drive) the car I (see) a fox on the road. 5. The train (leave) at 7 a.m. daily. 6. Last week we (move) to a new flat. 7. Don’t phone me tomorrow morning. I (take) an exam. 8. When I (hear) the knock, I (go) to the door and (open) it. It was my neighbor. 9. When I (arrive) at the station Mary (wait) for me. When she (see) me she (wave) and (say) “Hi!” 10. Normally dogs (not/attack) people. 11. I (see) you yesterday from the bus. You (walk) with a girl. 12. Next weekend we (go) to the country. 13. At this time yesterday I (have) lunch with a friend. 14. Usually I (go) out on Sunday but today I (stay) at home. 15. Don’t ring her now. She (watch) her favorite program. – OK, I (ring) her in an hour. 16. Listen! Somebody (cry) in the next room. 17. At this time tomorrow we (walk) around Paris. 18. I (do) exercises every morning. 19. While I (swim) someone (steal) my clothes. 20. When you come home after the party the children (sleep). Please, don’t make noise. 21. When I (see) her she (hurry) along the road to the station. 22. Jane (wear) a very beautiful dress today because it (be) her birthday. 23. When I (begin) playing the guitar my neighbor next door always (bang) on the door. 24. He (watch) TV when the phone (ring). He (get up) very slowly and (go) to answer it. 25. I’m sorry, the room looks untidy. – Don’t worry, I (clean) it.

Exercise 14. Translate into English using Simple or Continuous tenses.

1. Не вставай, я открою дверь. 2. Не шумите! Дети спят. 3. Я звонил тебе вчера. 4. Завтра мы едем к морю. 5. Внимание! Поезд прибывает на станцию. 6. Они играют в футбол каждое воскресенье. 7. Джон работал вчера, когда я ему звонил. 8. Мы должны вернуться в 9 часов. Майк будет ждать. 9. Посмотрите в окно! Мы проезжаем очень красивый пейзаж (scenery). 10. Когда пришли гости, родители отдыхали, а дети играли во дворе. 11. Завтра в это время я буду плавать в бассейне. 12. Извини, я не могу пойти с тобой завтра на ланч. В это время я буду сдавать экзамен.

PERFECT TENSES

To have +V3/Ved (PII)

Present Perfect	Past Perfect	Future Perfect
have +V3/Ved has Have…V3/Ved? Has … …have not (haven’t) +V3/Ved …has not (hasn’t) +V3/Ved Already, just, never, ever; lately, recently, this (week), (not) yet, for, since, before, so far	had +V3/Ved Had … V3/Ved? … had not (hadn’t) +V3/Ved By, before you came	will have + V3/Ved Will … have V3/Ved? … will not (won’t) have +V3/Ved By, before you come

The Present Perfect Tense

Exercise 1. Read and learn.

Have You Heard from Mary Lately?

Have you heard from Mary lately?

No, I haven’t, have you?

Yes, I have. She called last night.

How’s she doing?

She’s doing all right.

Have you spoken to Bobby lately?

Yes, I have. He called last night.

How’s he doing?

He’s doing all right.

Have you talked to Ray?

Yes, I have.

How’s he doing?

He’s doing O.K.

Exercise 2. Give the first form of these Past Participles.

Got, opened, had, done, gone, stayed, visited, come, read, known, walked, eaten, grown, lived, cut, studied, bought, cost, discussed, forgotten, driven, closed.

Exercise 3. Use have or has in the gaps.

1. I ___already had tea. 2. What ___ you cooked for dinner? 3. We ___ already practiced the text. 4. ___ Mary left for Moscow? 5. It ___ taken me too long to get here. 6. How many mistakes ___ Jane made in her test? 7. They ___ already aired the room. 8. ___ she left? 9. You ___ asked me a question. 10. The children ___ drawn fine pictures. 11. Bob and Ann ___ just gone away. 12. The cat ___ drunk its milk.

Exercise 4. Make the sentence negative and interrogative and then give short answers.

1. I have told you the answer. 2. Jane has seen some of his plays. 3. James has left his book at home. 4. Helen has cooked breakfast. 5. Alice has written a letter home. 6. You have done the work well. 7. We’ve been to Scotland several times. 8. My friends have got a telegram. 9. Mary has met him lately. 10. The boys have done their work. 11. We have bought a sofa. 12. She has never spoken to him. 13. They have already seen this film. 14. He has already taken a shower. 15. I have just spoken about it.

Exercise 5. Translate into Russian.

1. I have taught her to speak properly. 2. He has received the delegation this morning. 3. We haven’t spoken English for many years. 4. Mary hasn’t met him since 1980. 5. The baby has been ill for a week. 6. I’ve known the Greens for ten years. 7. He has bought flowers for me. 8. They have gone on a trip. 9. His brother has been in the army for two years. 10. They have gone for a walk.

Exercise 6. Use the Present Perfect form of the verbs.

1. John (write) his name. 2. He never (work) at a factory. 3. It (begin) raining and she (take) my umbrella. 4. You (read) Richard’s article? 5. He (not tell) that story quite well. 6. The Browns just (come) from their holidays. 7. James (learn) to drive. 8. I never (hear) of anyone having such lessons before. 9. We just (drive) through such rain. 10. Helen (buy) enough sweets and cakes for tea. 11. He (teach) you to swim yet? 12. I (not be) at the cinema for ages. 13. The lesson (not finish) yet. 14. Mr. Clark (go) from London to Brighton twice this week. 15. I (buy) a new car and now I drive to work. 16. I (find) my bag. It’s here. 17. She (write) me a letter and I’m reading it now.

Exercise 7. Answer the questions.

1. What lessons have you had today? 2. What have you eaten today? 3. What have you drunk today? 4. Who have you met today? 5. What has your mother bought today? 6. Where have you been today? 7. What have you learnt today? 8. Who has not come to classes today? 9. Who has come the first today? 10. Who has come the last today?

Exercise 8. Answer the questions with the Present Perfect tense.

1. Are her rooms clean? (do) 2. Is his article ready? (write) 3. Does he know how nice the cake is? (eat) 4. Do you know that your gloves are on the shelf? (find) 5. Is his face clean? (wash) 6. Do you like the songs? (hear) 7. Does she know the poem? (learn) 8. Do you know this sort of pens? (use)

Exercise 9. Answer the questions according to the model.

Example: Do you know the news? (hear)

- No, I haven’t heard it yet.

1. Have you got an Oxford dictionary? (buy) 2. Has Ann gone home? (leave) 3. Does he know the rules? (learn) 4. Did you post the letters? (write) 5. How do you like the cake? (taste) 6. Is he doing the work? (begin) 7. Is this his wife? (marry) 8. Are you going to the country on holidays? (decide) 9. Could you lend me some money? (get) 10. Have you bought anything for tea? (go)

Exercise 10. Change the sentences according to the model.

Example: Don’t say such words.

- But I have never said them.

1. Don’t say such words. 2. Don’t sleep at lessons. 3. Don’t make such plans. 4. Don’t leave the baby alone. 5. Don’t feel angry with me. 6. Don’t spend much time indoors. 7. Don’t read without light. 8. Don’t stay there long. 9. Don’t have holidays in February. 10. Don’t drink cold milk.

Exercise 11. React to the statement according to the model.

Example: That was a funny story.

- Yes, it was the funniest story I’ve ever read.

1. That was a delicious meal. 2. That was a long book. 3. That was an amazing holiday. 4. He was an interesting person. 5. That was an awful party. 6. That was a difficult task. 7. That was a nice film. 8. It is a beautiful painting. 9. He is a famous actor. 10. It was a bad experience. 11. She is a talented speaker. 12. It was a boring program.

Exercise 12. Answer the questions according to the model.

Example: Are you feeling all right? (fly)

- Not really. It’s the first time I’ve flown.

1. Is he an experienced speaker? (speak in public) 2. Are the biscuits delicious? (make ones) 3. Has she seen”Swan Lake” before? (go to a ballet) 4. Do you like raw fish? (eat) 5. Is your picture nice? (draw) 6. Is their translation good? (translate) 7. Is the dress beautiful? (sew) 8. Have you won the first prize? (take part in competitions) 9. Is your English perfect? (speak a foreign language). 10. Why is he so nervous? (drive a car).

Exercise 13. Match the beginnings with ends. Which sentence goes with which picture?

Beginnings	Ends
1. A parachutist has just 2. Lucy has just 3. My poor old father has 4. Polly and Simon have 5. Some people have bought 6. Somebody has just crashed 7. The firm has 8. United have won	a) had a baby girl. b) gone into hospital again. c) into our garden gate. d) just got married. e) landed on the roof. f) lost $30 million this year. g) the Cup again. h) the house next door.

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8

Exercise 14. Fill in the gaps with been or gone.

1. (Sign outside a shop) “___ to lunch. Back soon.” 2. Richard is not at home. He’s ___to work. 3. “Is she going to the bank?” “No, she’s already ___to the bank.” 4. It’s nice to see you here. Where have you ___? 5. Sue’s hair looks nice. She’s just ___ to the hairdresser’s. 6. Tom isn’t here at the moment. He’s ___ to the disco. 7. My sister’s ___ to Britain two times. 8. Hi! I’ve just ___ to the greengrocer’s. I’ve bought a lot of fruit and vegetables. 9. They’re on holiday now. They’ve ___to the USA. 10. “Hello, Jane! Where have you ___? “ “I’ve ___ to the theatre.” 11. Has your friend ever ___ to Paris? 12. Betty was here earlier but I think she’s ___ now. 13. Sorry, you can’t speak to Roger now. He’s ___ to a party. 14. There is a new restaurant near your house. Have you ___ to it? 15. London is a nice city. I’ve ___ there many times. 16. The firm is empty. Everybody’s ___ home. 17. Lucy’s ___ to Spain and she’s staying there.

Exercise 15. Fill in the gaps with for or since.

1. Ted’s father has been a policeman ___ 15 years. 2. ___ Easter, the weather has been mild. 3. Nora has been on holiday ___ five days. 4. That’s a very old bike. I’ve had it ___ ages. 5. They’ve been in the country ___ Sunday. 6. Nobody lives in this house. It has been empty ___ many years. 7. Mrs. Smith is in her office. She’s been there ___ 9 o’clock. 8. I have known Sue ___ three years. 9. He has had a camera ___ 1985. 10. They have lived next to us ___ their daughter was born. 11. Her brother is an artist. He has had his studio ___ seven months. 12. I haven’t seen my grandparents ___ I was ten. 13. We haven’t seen you ___ ages. 14. He’s been out ___ half an hour. 15. Paul hasn’t attended classes ___ the beginning of the term. 16. I haven’t read a book ___ I came back from my holidays. 17. She has known him ___ a long time. 18. We have been here ___ February. 19. He has been unemployed ever ___ he left college.

Exercise 16. Complete the sentences using for and since. Think of your own examples.

Example: I’ve known my best friend …

for five years.

since I was fifteen.

1. I haven’t been on holiday ___. 2. I’ve lived in this town ___. 3. I’ve had the jacket I’m wearing ___. 4. I haven’t eaten anything ___. 5. I haven’t been in the theater ___. 6. I haven’t been in the museum ___. 7. I haven’t been at the disco ___.

Exercise 17. Make sentences about these situations. Use for and since.

Example: Jake runs a small business. He started doing this five years ago. → He has had his business for five years.

1. Jake runs a small business. He started doing this five years ago. 2. Andy lives in Dublin. He moved there last year. 3. Helen plays the piano. She started two years ago. 4. Rob has a Mercedes. He bought it five years ago. 5. Jan is living with Pete. This started in 2004. 6. Sammy is learning Turkish. He started four years ago.

Exercise 18. Complete the following sentences. Use the Past Simple or Present Perfect tenses.

1. I’ve always ___. 2. I’ve often ___. 3. I often ___ when I was a child. 4. All my life I have ___. 5. I’ve known ___. 6. I’ve had my ___ since ___. 7. I’ve lived ___. 8. I’ve never lived ___. 9. I’ve ___ times this year. 10. I ___ times last year.

Exercise 19. Use the verbs in the Past Simple or Present Perfect tenses.

1. He just (break) his arm. 2. He (break) his arm yesterday. 3. They already (write) exercises. 4. They (write) the exercises last week. 5. She (invite) us to the party last Saturday. 6. She already (invite) us to her party. 7. I just (borrow) some books from the library. 8. I (borrow) some books from the library a week ago. 9. He (not see) this film yet. 10. He (no see) this film last year. 11. They (know) each other for ages. 12. He (spend) three days in hospital last month. 13. Shakespeare (write) poems as well as plays.

Exercise 20. Use the correct form of the verb: the Present Perfect or Past Simple tense.

1. When we were in the country, the weather (be) awful. 2. Nelly lives in Moscow. She (live) there all her life. 3. My grandpa died 20 years ago. I never (meet) him. 4. Mrs. Brown (work) in an office for 10 years. Then she gave it up. 5. Oh, no! I (lose) my wallet. 6. It’s much colder than it (be) last year. 7. How long you (know) Helen? Since 1995. 8. When you (change) your job? In November. 9. You ever (see) his concert? 10. She (arrive) ten months ago. 11. The flowers you bought yesterday already (die). 12. I first (meet) my girlfriend in 2003. 13. It’s the first time I (swim) in hot springs. 14. We (feel) upset when we heard she was in hospital. 15. They (win) five matches so far this season. 16. You ever (try) biking? 17. My parents (get married) in 1993. 18. He (not finish) reading the book yet. 19. My best friend (move) to another town two months ago. 20. Look! You (tear) the pocket of your jeans. 21. Her cousin (go) to Paris for a holiday last year.

Exercise 21. Answer the questions according to the model.

Example: Have you ever been to Britain? (last year)

Yes, I have. I was there last year.

1. Have they seen their friends today? (in the afternoon) 2. Has the party begun? (ten minutes ago) 3. Has your sister returned? (last month) 4. Has it snowed lately? (yesterday morning) 5. Have you seen that American film? (two days ago) 6. Has she introduced John to Helen? (last party) 7. Have your friends moved to a new flat? ( two weeks ago) 8. Has Maggie joined the club? (last month) 9. Have you given them my new telephone number? (yesterday) 10. Have they watched this show on TV? (last night)

Exercise 22. What changes have happened in our country lately? Use the Present Perfect tense.

Example: The streets have become cleaner recently.

Exercise 23. Complete the sentences using the Past Simple or Present Perfect tense, and then change the number in each sentence so that it is true for you and add some more details.

Example: I’ve eaten in a restaurant twice this month. I’ve been to two different restaurants: a Chinese and an Italian. I enjoyed them, but the Italian was my favourite.

1. I ___ (eat) in a restaurant four times this month. 2. I ___ (see) two films at the cinema last month. 3. I ___ (have) four meals yesterday. 4. I ___ (buy) five items of clothing this week. 5. I last ___ (go) to the dentist two months ago. 6. I ___ (make) six phone calls today.

Exercise 24. One sentence has a mistake. Which is the correct sentence?

1. a) I haven’t kept in touch with my friends lately.

b) I didn’t keep in touch with my friends lately.

2. a) She bought a new computer last month.

b) She has bought a new computer last month.

3. a) It wasn’t me! I didn’t spread any rumours recently.

b) It wasn’t me! I haven’t spread any rumours recently.

4. a) He has spent summer with his friends in Egypt two years ago.

b) He spent summer with his friends in Egypt two years ago.

5. a) We had a big party to celebrate my father’s retirement last Sunday.

b) We have had a big party to celebrate my father’s retirement last

Sunday.

Exercise 25. Make a list of four or five ambitions/ dreams/ achievements that you have in your life. These could be connected with the following things:

1. job/university

2. places you’d like to live in/ visit

3. something you’d like to own (a car, a cottage)

4. money

5. someone you’d like to meet

6. something you’d like to discover or invent

7. marriage/ children

8. a sporting dream/ achievement

9. something you’d like to learn

Tell about your ambitions.

Example: I have always wanted to …

It has always been my dream to …

One thing I’ve done I am very proud of is …

Who has the most interesting or unusual ambition in your group?

Who has the same ambition?

Exercise 26. Make sentences that are true for you using the prompts. For each sentence, give some extra information.

Example: I haven’t finished studies yet. I’m going to take my final exams next year.

1. Find the perfect job. 2. Meet the love of my life. 3. Buy my own home. 4. Travel to lots of different countries.

Exercise 27. Work in groups. Take it in turns to make questions using the prompts below. If the answer is yes, ask more questions to find out the details.

Example: drive/a sports car

Have you ever driven a sports car? What kind of car was it?

1. Eat/ in an expensive restaurant 2. Find/anything interesting in the street 3. Have/a temporary summer job 4. Live/ in a different city 5. Stay/in a five star hotel 6. Work/in an office 7. Win/a prize or a competition.

Exercise 28. Use the verbs in the Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous, Present Perfect tenses.

1. I (borrow) some books from the library a week ago. 2. When we were in the country, the weather (be) awful. 3. We (go) out of town tomorrow. You can join us if you want. 4. If we go by train we (be) in St.Petersburg in two days. 5. We needn’t hurry. We (buy) the tickets on the day of the departure. 6. Wait here and I (go) to the inquiry office. 7. Her husband (work) in show business for 10 years. 8. I think Van Gough (paint) his most beautiful pictures ever. 9. She (never/be) abroad. 10. What (you/do) at 10 o’clock this morning? - I (read) e-mails. 11. At this time tomorrow (take) my driving test. 12. I see that you are tired. Have a rest. I (make) coffee for you. 13. They (live) next door to me. I (know) them very well. 14. I’m so sorry that I can’t go to a café with my friends. I (stay) in bed with flu. 15. We (be) upset when we heard she was in hospital. 16. When we arrived at the station the train (stand) on the platform.

Exercise 29. Translate the sentences into English using the Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous, Present Perfect tenses.

1. Я не хочу идти с вами в кино. Я уже видел этот фильм. 2. Вы уже написали письма? 3. Она только что ответила на ваш вопрос. 4. Я не хочу есть. Я перекусил после работы. 5. Когда я вышел из дома, я заметил, что какой-то человек стоял и смотрел на окна. 6. Вы когда-нибудь были за городом зимой? 7. Чемодан тяжелый для тебя. Я понесу его. 8. Мы подъезжаем к Самаре. 9. Мы не видели его с понедельника. 10. Они получили три телеграммы сегодня. 11. Автобус переполнен. Я не поеду на нем. 12. В следующую среду в 10 часов утра мы будем разговаривать с партнерами о новом проекте. 13. Я сломал свой карандаш. Можно взять ваш? 14. Она знает его три года. 15. Вчера я хотел поиграть в футбол с друзьями, но потом передумал. 16. Преподаватель еще не прочитал мою статью, но надеюсь, что она ему понравится. 17. Она только что звонила вашим родителям. 18. Мы уже где-то встречали этого человека. 19. Я не вожу машину. Я езжу на работу на поезде. 20. Вы когда-нибудь были за рубежом?

Exercise 30. Find the Russian equivalents to the following proverbs and quotations.

1. When it seems the world has turned its back on you, turn around and look again. (Unknown) 2. He who wishes to secure the good of others, has already secured his own. (Confucius, a Chinese thinker and social philosopher) 3. The mountain has brought forth a mouse. 4. It’s too late to lock the stable when the horse has been stolen.

Exercise 31. Speak on the things you have done today/ this week.

The Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 1. Use the Past Perfect tense.

1. I thought he (write) to you. 2. He didn’t think that the boy (grow) so much. 3. She knew I (speak) to her father. 4. They didn’t know that the text (change). 5. We could not remember what he (say) about the accident. 6. I saw that my friends (go). 7. By six o’clock pupils (learn) all the words. 8. Mary (get) home before it began to rain. 9. Before the fire engines arrived, the fire (destroy) the house. 10. He (pack) everything by five o’clock.

Exercise 2. Make the sentences negative and interrogative and then give the short answers.

1. They had studied English before they entered the University. 2. He had arrived at the station by six o’clock. 3. James had finished reading the book by last Sunday. 4. Ann had done her lessons by the time you called her. 5. The teacher had given the pupils their homework before the bell rang. 6. The game had started when we reached the stadium. 7. Jane had translated the article. 8. They had finished the construction of the house. 9. The speaker had made his report by 3 o’clock. 10. It had happened before you returned home from the trip. 11. The Whites had gone to London by car. 12. She had read the novel before she saw the film.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions according to the model.

Example: What did she read in the newspaper about the expedition? (return)

It had returned.

She read that the expedition had returned.

1. Why didn’t you see Bill when you came to Kiev? (leave) 2. Why didn’t you listen to that song? (hear) 3. What did you learn about Helen? (marry) 4. Why couldn’t he get to the flat at once? (lose the key) 5. Why didn’t she tell them my new address? (forget) 6. What did they learn about Mary? (be ill for a month) 7. What did you hear about our examination? (pass) 8. Why did James come so soon from his holiday? (spend all his money) 9. Why didn’t Kate want to go to the cinema? (see the film)

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with the verb in the Past Perfect tense.

1. I didn’t look at the present until after they (go). 2. When she went to bed, she remembered that she (not lock the door). 3. He didn’t know what to do when he (spend all the money). 4. When we got to the theatre, the play (to start). 5. She went for a holiday after she (pass her exams). 6. He understood the task only after he (read it again). 7. The child didn’t start eating until (wash his hands). 8. We felt tired because we (work hard). 9. They didn’t recognize Mrs. Davis. She (change) a lot. 10. Bill no longer had a car. He (sell) it. 11. When Sam (pay) the bill, we left the restaurant and went home. 12. I wasn’t surprised that she was tired: she (not sleep) for two days. 13. The children were very excited because they (not see) a tiger before. 14. The road was blocked because a lorry (break down). 15. During the afternoon, David lost all the money he (win) in the morning. 16. She felt very nervous on the plane because she (not fly) before. 17. When the police arrived to arrest him, Thomson (leave).

Exercise 5. Join the two sentences with the word from brackets and the Past Perfect tense.

Example: We got into the compartment. The train started. (before)

We had got into the compartment before the train started.

1. The lake became deeper. It rained heavily. (after). 2. The boy didn’t go to bed. He didn’t do his homework. (until) 3. We didn’t understand the problem. He explained it. (until) 4. She returned the journal to the library. She finished reading it. (when) 5. He had dinner. He went for a walk. (after) 6. They read the book. They saw a play in the theatre. (before) 7. I arrived in Moscow. My friend left the town. (when) 8. She tore up the letter. She read it. (as soon as) 9. My friend passed his driving test. He bought a car. (as soon as) 10. She wrote the letter. She went to the post office. (after). 11. We came to the cinema. The film began. (when) 12. She wrote the letter. She went to the post office. (after) 13. Helen went home. She gave me my books. (after) 14. I went for a holiday. I passed all exams. (after) 15. I didn’t go the cinema with friends. I saw the film. (because) 16. We began to talk. The children left the room. (when) 17. She finished packing. The taxi arrived. (by the time) 18. I didn’t want to eat. I had a big breakfast. (because) 19. We ate our breakfast. I did the washing up. (after) 20. Mark cleaned his car. He drove to work. (before)

Exercise 6. Use the Past Simple or Past Perfect tenses.

1. By the time we arrived, they (eat) all the cakes. 2. When I (see) a film, I (go) to bed. 3. They were chatting as they (know) each other all their lives. 4. When we (finish) our work, we (leave) the lab. 5. The boy was completely out of breath as he (run) to the station. 6. When he (see) her come through the door, he jumped up in surprise. 7. I (phone) you in the evening, but you (go) out. 8. My daughter was nervous because she (not fly) before. 9. Because the students (work) hard, they (do) really well in their exams. 10. After she (have) time off, she (feel) better. 11. Her brother (become) ill before she (get) there. 12. Nick (enter) the institute after he (work) at the bank. 13. We (get) there in time, but our friends (leave). 14. At last they (remain) alone. The guests (leave). 15. He (break) his leg so he (go) to the doctor.

Exercise 7. Use the verbs in the Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect tenses.

1. When I come into the classroom the lesson (already/begin) and the students (write) a test. 2. I (call) Helen at 8 am but she (already/get up). 3. When I (enter) the compartment I (see) that a young man (sleep) on the upper berth. 4. We (arrive) at the station at 5pm. The train (leave) and the platform (be) empty. 5. While they (dance) somebody (switch off) the light. 6. I (write) a report when Tom (phone) me and say that he (buy) two tickets for a concert the day before. 7. Mike (drive) to work when his car suddenly (stop) because he (forget) to fill it up with petrol. 8. When Granddad (phone) I (already/leave) home and (go) along the street. 9. I could see them from the window. They (stand) near the car. 10. When we (leave) home the weather (be) fine: the rain (stop) and the sun (shine) again. 11. I (meet) John at a party two years ago. He (wear) a beautiful black suit. I (never/see) such handsome man before. 12. I (write) him a letter after we (discuss) everything on the phone. 13. The dispatcher (delay) the train because someone (drop) a bag on the rails. 14. The Driver (fall) asleep while the train (approach) the station. 15. When I (come) to my native town I (see) that they (still/build) the bridge over the river that they (start) a few years before.

Exercise 8. Use the verbs in the Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous, Present Perfect, Past Perfect tenses.

1. Yesterday evening I (read) a book when I suddenly (hear) a noise. I (get up) to see what it was but (not/see) anything. 2. My parents (go) to Moscow last weekend. They (go) to the airport by taxi when my mother (realize) that she (leave) her passport at home. They (turn) back home and (get) it. 3. Hurry up! The taxi (arrive). 4. Sorry, I can’t talk to you right now. I (make) dinner. I think I (finish) by 2 o’clock. I (call) you back. 5. Yesterday morning I (meet) Mary at the station. She (look) great because she (spend) two weeks at the sea. 6. My parents (get) married in 1993. 7. He (not/finish) reading the book yet. 8. My best friend (move) to another town two months ago. 9. When I (enter) the room I (notice) that someone (move) the desk closer to the window. 10. Her cousin (go) to Paris for a holiday last year. 11. The scientific journal (publish) an article about the transport of the future this month. 12. When I (see) Linda she (carry) the flowers that her boyfriend (give) her. 13. Listen! Someone (knock) on the door. - Don’t stand up. I (open) it. 14. I (see) you yesterday. You (walk) along the street with your boyfriend. 15. I (leave) for Volgograd next Friday. 16. At 5 o’clock tomorrow I (write) a report in the library. 17. Usually he (drive) to his office but now he (go) by bus because his car (be) in the repair shop. 18. You ever (drive) a tractor? 19. Look! You (tear) the pocket of your jeans. 20. When my roommate (wake up) I (have) breakfast in the kitchen and (not/hear) that she (call) me.

Exercise 9. Translate the sentences into English using the verbs in the Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous, Present Perfect, Past Perfect tenses.

1. Мы стояли на берегу реки, когда подошли наши друзья и сказали, что они купили билеты на речной трамвайчик (river bus). 2. Я еду в Англию на следующей неделе. Я уже купил билеты на самолет до Лондона. Я всегда покупаю билеты заранее. 3. Завтра мы прибудем в Москву и сделаем пересадку (change trains). 4. Пока зубной врач лечил мой зуб, зазвонил мой мобильный. 5. Когда я увидел его, он стоял и читал газету, которую купил утром. 6. Смотри, наши друзья идут к нам. 7. Когда я увидел вас, я понял, что вы побывали на курорте. Вы выглядели прекрасно. 8. Послушай! Кто-то стучит в дверь. – Не вставай, я открою. 9. Когда я делал вчера уроки, мой друг позвонил мне и сказал, что у него проблемы, и он нуждается в моей помощи. 10. Он все еще сидел за столом и писал отчет, когда все ушли домой. 11. Что ты делаешь? – Слушаю музыку. Я уже сделал уроки. 12. В это же время завтра мы будем гулять по Мадриду. 13. Когда Майк пришел в офис, он сразу позвонил мне. 14. Где Том? – Он в гараже, ремонтирует машину. 15. Я часто прихожу в этот парк. Мне нравится это тихое место.

Exercise 10. Translate the following quotation.

When I look back on all these worries, I remember the story of the old man who said on his deathbed that he had had a lot of trouble in his life, most of which had never happened. (Winston Churchill)

The Future Perfect Tense

Exercise 1. Use the Future Perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

1. The shop (close) by teatime. 2. I (finish) this work before you go away. 3. The game (start) before we reach the place. 4. By this time tomorrow, I (be) in a meeting in the institute. 5. It’s eight o’clock, so he (leave) for work by now. 6. We (finish) the building before summer. 7. The teacher hopes we (not forget) about the rule by the next lesson. 8. I’m not sure if he (write) the article by the 1 October. 9. By this time next month you (pass) your examinations. 10. The birds (fly) away before winter comes. 11. I think the secretary (not type) letters by lunchtime. 12. The workers (finish) the new road by the end of the year.

Exercise 2. Make the sentences negative and interrogative and then give the short answers.

1. We will have used up many of the world’s natural resources. 2. They will have found alternative sources of energy. 3. Robots will have replaced people for many boring jobs. 4. He will have read the book by Monday. 5. The pupils will have written the dictation by the end of the lesson. 6. The artist will have painted his picture by next month. 7. I will have learnt the poem by tomorrow. 8. Mother will have prepared dinner by the time we come home. 9. She will have washed the floor before you return. 10. They will have studied the problem before they begin to discuss it. 11. Many cities will have doubled in size. 12. World population will have increased.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions with the verbs in brackets in the Future Perfect tense.

1. Will you still be asleep if we call on you at nine? (get up) 2. Will the family be decorating the fir-tree when the guests arrive? (decorate) 3. Will your brother be having dinner if I call for him at seven? (have dinner) 4. Will the Greens still be living in their flat in June? (move to a cottage) 5. Will you be watching TV at 12 tonight? (switch off) 6. Will the secretary be typing papers on Wednesday? (do everything) 7. Will your cousin be at home at four o’clock on Friday? (leave for the country) 8. Will they still be students next June? (graduate) 9. Will your mother be shopping when we get home? (return home)

Exercise 4. Answer the questions in the Future Perfect tense. Begin your answer with: I am sure and already.

1. Will your son be taking exams at the end of June? (pass) 2. Will you be cooking at two tomorrow? (finish) 3. Will we find him if we come at seven? (go) 4. Will they still be eating when we come? (have dinner) 5. Will we be able to discuss the film on Monday? (see). 6. Will you help your Granny to look for her glasses ? (find) 7. Will they see Nick in London when they return? (arrive) 8. Will she be at home if I ring her up at nine? (come) 9. Will your brother be repairing his car if I call for him at six? (repair)

Exercise 5. Change these sentences using the Future Perfect tense.

1. He hasn’t come home yet. (by 5) 2. She hasn’t read this magazine yet. (by next week). 3. They haven’t prepared for their exams yet. (by the day after tomorrow) 4. They haven’t built the cottage yet. (by the end of October) 5. The daughter hasn’t done her homework yet. (by 7 o’clock) 6. We haven’t had lunch yet. (by this time) 7. The assistants haven’t made the experiment yet. (by the end of the month) 8. My sister hasn’t returned from the shop yet. (by 2 o’clock) 9. They haven’t discussed the newspaper article yet. (by Tuesday) 10. She hasn’t drawn the picture yet. (before classes are over).

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Поезд уже уйдет к тому времени, когда мы придем на вокзал. 2. Озера замерзнут к ноябрю. 3. К тому времени, когда дети перестанут играть, мама приготовит им ужин. 4. Студент напишет доклад к следующему семинару. 5. Она переведет эту статью ко вторнику. 6. Он завершит свою работу к пяти часам. 7. К июлю студенты сдадут экзамены. 8. Он напишет отчет к тому времени, когда придет секретарь. 9. Рабочие отремонтируют школу к сентябрю. 10. Ник сделает уроки к двум часам. 11. Они отремонтируют машину к отпуску.

Exercise 7. Where do you see yourself in ten year’s time? Think about what you’ll be doing and what you’ll have done. Compare your ideas with a partner.

Exercise 8. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple, Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect tenses.

1. I hope it (stop) raining by tomorrow morning. 2. Don’t come at 1am. I (read) up for the exam. 3. At this time tomorrow they (repair) the track, but by 5 pm they (finish). 4. Don’t stand up. I (open) the door. 5. If you come at 4pm Grandmother (sleep). She always (sleep) after dinner. 6. Before winter comes we (move) to a new house. 7. If you hurry up you (clean) the carpet before mother comes. 8. Usually we (go) to the swimming pool on Sundays. So at 10 am next Sunday I (swim). 9. At 8 am tomorrow we (drive) to Moscow. We (arrive) before dinnertime. 10. He (be) busy at this time tomorrow. He (repair) his car. But by 7 pm he (finish).

Exercise 9. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect tenses.

1. At 2 pm tomorrow the maintenance crew (check) the braking system. 2. By 2 pm tomorrow the maintenance crew (check) the braking system. 3. At 5 pm last Monday we (board) the train. 4. By 5.15 pm last Monday we (board) the train. 5. The air hostess sat down after she (serve) lunch to the passengers. 6. My mother wants to meet you, I (take) you to see her next Saturday. 7. Phone me at 6 pm. I (arrive) home by then. 8. Sorry, I can’t go to the cinema with you. I (go) on holiday tomorrow and now I (pack) the suitcase. 9. Mr. White was English though he (live) in France for 20 years. 10. By the end of the next month we (buy) a new car. 11. The car (flip) ten times before it landed on its roof. 12. There is no point taking a taxi. The train (leave) by the time we arrive at the station. 13. I knew that they (meet) at school. 14. When I (wake up) yesterday morning the rain stop but the wind still/blow. 15. I (just/paint) the wall. Don’t touch it. 16. Usually I (go) to Samara by train but now I (fly) because I am in a hurry for my friend’s wedding. 17. We (finish) work by 3 pm and then we will go to a café. 18. Last Saturday when I (arrive) home my friend (wait for) me. 19. Tom is a businessman, he (own) a shop. He (sell) new and used computers. 20. Before you wake up tomorrow morning I (fix) breakfast.

Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English using the Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect tenses.

1. Сегодня я устал. Я закончу этот чертеж завтра. 2. Студент напишет доклад к следующему семинару. 3. В это же время вчера мы упаковывали чемоданы. 4. Мы подъехали к Самаре до того, как стало темно. 5. Я проснулся, когда поезд подходил к Рязани. 6. Завтра в 9 утра мы будем обсуждать новый проект в кабинете директора. 7. Она переведет эту статью ко вторнику. 8. В прошлом году президент посетил наш город. 9. Мой друг ходит в фитнес центр каждую субботу. 10. Я сейчас занят. Я позвоню вам через 20 минут. 11. Он завершит свою работу к пяти часам. 12. К концу июня студенты сдадут экзамены. 13. Обычно я хожу на работу пешком, а сейчас я еду на автобусе. 14. Выключите радио, пожалуйста, я разговариваю по телефону. 15. Мы только что приехали из Парижа. 16. Гости вошли в гостиную и сели на диван. 17. Когда я увидел моего друга, он ехал на велосипеде, который ему подарил его брат. 18. Он сказал, что уже прочитал эту статью.