Prepositions (предлоги)
Prepositions of place
in/inside
through
outside
among
below
near
above
in front of
next
to
behind
opposite
along
on
across
under
over
between
Prepositions of movement
on/onto
to
off
towards
into
under
out
of
over
past
through
from
near
behind
up
in
front of
down
along
between
across
Prepositions of time
AT |
IN |
at 8 o’clock at Christmas/Easter at noon/night/midnight at breakfast/lunch/dinner at that time at the moment/weekend |
in the morning/afternoon/evening in the Christmas holiday in June/November in spring/summer in 1998/2012 in the 18th century/21st century in two/three minutes/hours |
ON
on Monday/Friday
on Easter Sunday/Christmas Day
on Tuesday night
on April 20th
on a summer’s day
on that day
Note: at, in, on are never used before yesterday, next, this, tomorrow, last, every.
e.g. They go to Spain every summer.
Exercise 1. Use the correct preposition.
1. Tom hid through/behind the door to surprise his sister. 2. I’ll meet you outside the cinema at 5 o’clock. 3. Where’s Steve? He is on/in the garden, playing football. 4. Jane sat outside/next to Sarah in the English lesson. 5. He found his watch from/under his bed. 6. We didn’t see the turning. In fact, we drove past/towards it. 7. She hung the mirror up/over the fireplace. 8. He walked between/along the street, looking in the shop windows. 9. Why are you so tired? – Because I ran all the way above/from the station. 10. The new supermarket is opposite/among the library.
Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with at, in or on where necessary.
1. A: I’ve got a dentist’s appointment ___ Friday.
B: Oh, I went to the dentist’s ___ last week.
2. A: What time is the interview?
B: It’s ___ ten o’clock ___ the morning.
3. A: I’m going on holiday ___ July.
B: Me too. I always go on holiday___ summer.
4. A: I’m having a party ___ Saturday night.
B: Really? Can I come?
5. A: Are you having a piano lesson ___ this week?
B: Yes, my teacher is coming ___ Thursday.
6. A: When did you start working here?
B: ___ 1996, when I left the University.
7. A: Jane bought a new car ___ yesterday.
B: Oh! What’s it like?
8. A: Is grandma coming to visit us ___ Christmas Day?
B: Yes, she’ll be here ___ lunchtime.
9. A: Dad, when were you born?
B: I was born ___ 7th June, 1965.
10. A: Shall we meet ___ 7 o’clock ___ tomorrow?
B: Oh, I can’t. I have a meeting ___ that time.
11. A: When was the bicycle invented?
B: It was invented ___ the 19th century.
12. A: Do you start work ___ 9 o’clock?
B: Oh, no. I never work ___ the mornings.
13. A: Shall we go out ___this evening?
B: Yes, I’d love to go out ___ tonight.
14. A: When does the train to London leave?
B: It leaves ___ quarter past eight.
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the preposition in.
IN bed, hospital, prison, church
pencil, ink, pen
the snow, the rain, the sun, the wet, the fog
a red hat, a green cardigan, a dirty raincoat, his slippers
the evening, the daytime, the morning, the afternoon
private, public, silence, secret
a loud voice, a whisper, a soft voice, a kind vice
a bad temper, a good mood, good spirits
danger, trouble, difficulties, love, pain, tears, debt, a hurry
sight, pieces, store, flames, turn, luck, the end
1. You can see from her expression that she’s ___. 2. Mother smiled and then spoke to me ___. 3. He usually reads the newspaper ___. 4. I’d rather be ___ than ___. 5. Everyone laughed when he came to college ___. 6. It is better to write your answers ___. 7. They are having a bad time and they are often ___. 8. Poor John! He has to spend two weeks ___. 9. Such an important meeting should be held ___. 10. It’s boring here indoors – let’s go out ___.
Exercise 4. Answer the questions. Use the prepositional phrases.
Going …
for a walk, a drive, a ride, a run, a swim
on a journey, an excursion, a trip, a cruise
by car, bus, train, air, road, sea, ship, bike, plane
on a train, a ship, a bus, a bike, a plane, a ferry, foot
in a bus, a car, a train, a lift
1. What is your favourite way of traveling? Why do you prefer it? 2. What did you do when you last went on holiday? 3. How did you get to university today? 4. What did you do last weekend? 5. How would you go to the tenth floor?
Exercise 5. Complete the sentences. Use the prepositional phrases in the sentences of your own.
by |
on |
at |
out of |
off |
up to |
under |
heart accident mistake day myself the way all means telephone letter |
holiday purpose business duty strike my own fire sale television diet |
home school work university cinema a profit a loss sea last least the end |
date sight doors danger work control reach order luck breath question |
duty |
date |
control |
Example: My computer doesn’t work because it is out of order.
The teacher made us learn the poem by heart.
Exercise 6. Choose the correct preposition.
1. My school is ___ the department store and the park.
a) between b) below c) among
2. What’s ___ this box? It’s very heavy.
a) onto b) opposite c) inside
3. A tall man sat ___me, so I couldn’t see.
a) next to b) in front of c) towards
4. This train goes ___ London to Leeds.
a) through b) from c) near
5. The Thames is the river that runs ___ London.
a) across b) among c) through
6. John’s flat is on the second floor, ___ the chemist’s.
a) above b) on c) along
7. There was a pretty picnic area ___ the trees.
a) in b) along c) among
8. She got ___ the bus and went into the shop.
a) against b) off c) down
9. On my way ___ the dinner party, I stopped to buy some flowers.
a) to b) past c) towards
10. The children saw their mother and ran ___ her.
a) against b) towards c) by
11. Tom always keeps the remote control ___ him when he watches TV.
a) beside b) inside c) between
12. They built a wooden bridge ___ the stream.
a) against b) below c) over
13. The postman walked ___ my house without delivering any letters.
a) past b) near c) along
14. There are some keys ___ the table, next to my bag.
a) in b) on c) across
Exercise 7. Use the correct preposition.
1. My little brother is frightened about/of the dark. 2. I heard from/about your new job. Congratulations. 3. She forgave me about/for breaking her stereo. 4. Spielberg is famous for/of directing films. 5. Molly is very fond of/with her cat, Nibbs. 6. Smoking is very harmful to/for your health. 7. James is good at/with sport. 8. I am very grateful to you about/for helping me. 9. Are you familiar to/with the filing system here? 10. The man was found guilty of/about the crime.
Exercise 8. Choose the correct preposition.
1. There’s someone ___ the door. Can you open it, please?
a) in b) at c) on
2. I’d like to go out for dinner ___ a change.
a) on b) for c) off
3. Most children start school ___ the age of five.
a) on b) out c) at
4. ___ the time I arrived, the others had gone home.
a) in b) for c) by
5. He works very hard when he is ___ pressure.
a) in b) under c) on
6. There is a lovely duck pond ___ the park.
a) on b) at c) in
7. Please fill in the form ___ pencil.
a) for b) in c) at
8. Many animals are ___ danger of becoming extinct.
a) in b) at c) under
9. We went to the station ___ taxi.
a) by b) at c) with
10. Oranges are expensive now because they are ___ season.
a) in b) out of c) off
11. Bob likes playing golf ___ his free time.
a) on b) at c) in
12. I’m sorry but you can’t use the lift. It is ___ order.
a) out of b) in c) at
Exercise 9. Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions.
1. I’ve lost contact ___ most of my school friends. 2. Mobile phones allow you to communicate ___ people wherever you are. 3. The shops were crowded ___ people doing their Christmas shopping. 4. The children were so noisy that I couldn’t concentrate ___ my work. 5. Scientists are trying to find cure ___ cancer. 6. Babies are capable ___ looking after themselves. 7. This sauce consists ___ tomatoes and herbs. 8. Contrary ___ what the papers say, the Prime Minister will not retire. 9. The police is questioning the man in connection ___ robbery. 10. I take care ___ neighbour’s cat when she is on holiday.
Exercise 10. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.
1. We always eat lunch ___ noon. 2. First combine the flour ___ the beaten eggs. 3. He threw the ball ___ John, who caught it. 4. I usually go to bed ___ midnight. 5. The sauce was a delicious combination ___ chocolate and cream. 6. It’s my birthday ___ 27th July. 7. They will compete ___ the students from another college. 8. The people celebrated by dancing ___ the streets. 9. The race takes place ___ October every year.
Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
1. Sometimes we have honey ___ breakfast. 2. We don’t work ___ Saturdays. 3. I see ___ your letter that you are well. 4. American Independence Day is ___ the 4th ___ July. 5. Nearly every industry depends ___ coal. 6. I will take this room ___ a fortnight. 7. In summer we like to go ___ the country. 8. Shakespeare married ___ the age ___ eighteen. 9. We went to the south ___ train. 10. Do not put your hands ___ your pockets. 11. A country should be ruled ___ wise men. 12. Father told me a story ___ a wolf. 13. Mice come ___ their holes ___ night. 14. A burglar broke ___ their house ___ night. 15. How many parts has the garden been divided ___ ? 16. He asked them ___ a little meat. 17. Take your hat ___ your head. 18. Have you got any money ___ you? 19. The lecturer compared Mark Twain ___ Cervantes. 20. Do you want to have the room ___ the week or ___ the month?
Exercise 12. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary.
1. She likes walking ___ the rain. 2. Fred has paid ___ drinks. 3. The hostess divided the cake ___ small pieces. 4. We arrived ___ station at five o’clock. 5. The train arrived ___ London ___ night. 6. It will depend ___ the weather. 7. Let’s discuss ___ plans ___ the future. 8. He was interested ___ pop music. 9. My sister is married ___ a foreigner. 10. Who was responsible ___ this work? 11. Could you translate the text ___ English ___ Russian? 12. This novel is written ___ Dickens. 13. Mary has to look ___ her sick mother. 14. Why are you on your knees? What are you looking ___ ? 15. She took part ___ the conference. 16. Nobody entered ___ the room. 17. Look ___ this picture. 18. What is it ___ this picture?
Exercise 13. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
In gas welding there are certain rules to follow. Don’t put the workpiece ___ a surface that will burn. Never move the cylinders ___ their hose lines. Keep equipment ___ gangways. Make sure nothing hot comes ___ the cylinders. Take tools back ___ the store after use.
Exercise 14. Fill in the gaps with in, into, to.
1. The water is cooled ___ the radiator. 2. The bottom hose carries the water from the radiator ___ the engine. 3. The heater fan blows hot air ___ the car. 4. When the thermostat is closed, the water stays ___ the engine. 5. The pipes ___ the radiator are made of copper. 6. When the thermostat is open, the water flows___ the radiator. 7. The top hose takes the water ___ the radiator.
Exercise 15. Complete the texts with through, in, into, from, round, up, down.
a) In the petrol engine, the mixture is drawn ___ the combustion chamber. Pistons ___ the cylinders move ___ and compress it. It is ignited, the pistons are forced ___, and they turn the crankshaft ___.
b) ___ the jet engine, the direction of the movement does not have to be changed. The combustion gases turn the turbine and the compressor ___ as they escape ___ the combustion chamber. They then leave the engine ___ the nozzle.
Exercise 16. Complete the text using the correct prepositions of, at, in, to, between, by.
___ one of Faraday’s experiments, he placed a copper wheel ___ the poles ___ a horseshoe magnet. ___ the centre and ___ the edge ___ the wheel there were electrical contacts. These were connected ___ the terminals ___ an ammeter. When the wheel rotated ___ the poles of the magnet, an electric current was shown___ the ammeter. When the wheel was rotated ___ opposite direction, the needle ___ the ammeter was deflected ___ the opposite direction, too.
Exercise 17. Find the Russian equivalents to the following proverbs.
1. When wine is in wit is out. 2. Truth comes out of the mouths of babies and sucklings. 3. To run with the hare and hunt with the hounds. 4. To take the bull by the horns. 5. To tell tails out of school. 6. To lay by for a rainy day. 7. To go through fire and water (through thick and thin). 8. To come away none the wiser. 9. To come off cheap. 10. To come off with a whole skin. 11. To be up to the ears in love.
Таблица неправильных глаголов
Infinitive V1 |
Past Tense V2 |
Past Participle V3 |
Значение |
awake |
awoke |
awoken |
просыпаться |
arise |
arose |
arisen |
возникать |
be |
was, were |
been |
быть |
bear |
bore |
borne, born |
носить, выдерживать |
beat |
beat |
beaten |
бить |
become |
became |
become |
становиться |
begin |
began |
begun |
начинать(ся) |
bend |
bent |
bent, bended |
гнуть(ся), сгибать(ся) |
bite |
bit |
bitten |
кусать |
blow |
blew |
blown |
дуть |
break |
broke |
broken |
ломать(ся) |
bring |
brought |
brought |
приносить |
broadcast |
broadcast |
broadcast |
передавать по радио |
build |
built |
built |
строить |
burn |
burnt, burned |
burnt, burned |
гореть, жечь |
burst |
burst |
burst |
разрываться |
buy |
bought |
bought |
покупать |
cast |
cast |
cast |
бросать, кидать |
catch |
caught |
caught |
ловить, схватывать |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
выбирать |
cling |
clung |
clung |
прилипать, цепляться |
come |
came |
come |
приходить |
cost |
cost |
cost |
стоить |
cut |
cut |
cut |
резать |
deal |
dealt |
dealt |
иметь дело |
dig |
dug |
dug |
копать |
do |
did |
done |
делать |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
тащить; рисовать |
dream |
dreamed, dreamt |
dreamed, dreamt |
видеть сны; мечтать |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
пить |
drive |
drove |
driven |
вести, гнать |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
есть, кушать |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
падать |
feed |
fed |
fed |
кормить(ся) |
feel |
felt |
felt |
чувствовать |
fight |
fought |
fought |
бороться, сражаться |
find |
found |
found |
находить |
fly |
flew |
flown |
летать |
forbid |
forbade, forbad |
forbidden |
запрещать |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
забывать |
forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
прощать |
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
замерзать, замораживать |
get |
got |
got (US – gotten) |
получать; становиться |
give |
gave |
given |
давать |
go |
went |
gone |
идти, ехать |
grow |
grew |
grown |
расти, выращивать |
hang |
hung, hanged |
hung, hanged |
висеть, вешать |
have |
had |
had |
иметь |
hear |
heard |
heard |
слышать |
hide |
hid |
hidden, hid |
прятать |
hit |
hit |
hit |
ударять, поражать |
hold |
held |
held |
держать |
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
повредить, ушибить |
keep |
kept |
kept |
держать, хранить |
know |
knew |
known |
знать |
lay |
laid |
laid |
класть |
lead |
led |
led |
вести |
learn |
learnt, learned |
learnt, learned |
учиться |
leave |
left |
left |
оставлять, покидать, уезжать |
lend |
lent |
lent |
давать взаймы, одалживать |
let |
let |
let |
позволить; отдавать внаем |
lie |
lay |
lain |
лежать |
light |
lighted, lit |
lighted, lit |
зажигать, освещать |
lose |
lost |
lost |
терять |
make |
made |
made |
делать; заставлять |
mean |
meant |
meant |
значить, подразумевать |
meet |
met |
met |
встречать |
melt |
melted |
melted, molten |
таять, плавить |
pay |
paid |
paid |
платить |
prove |
proved |
proved, proven |
доказать; оказаться |
put |
put |
put |
класть |
read [ri:d] |
read [red] |
read [red] |
читать |
rid |
ridden, rid |
rid, ridden |
освобождать, избавлять |
ride |
rode |
ridden |
ездить верхом |
ring |
rang, rung |
rung |
звонить, звенеть |
rise |
rose |
risen |
подниматься |
run |
ran |
run |
бежать |
saw |
sawed |
sawn, sawed |
пилить |
say |
said |
said |
говорить, сказать |
see |
saw |
seen |
видеть |
seek |
sought |
sought |
искать |
sell |
sold |
sold |
продавать |
send |
sent |
sent |
посылать, отправить |
set |
set |
set |
помещать, заходить (о солнце) |
shake |
shook |
shaken |
трясти |
shave |
shaved |
shaved, shaven |
брить(ся) |
shine |
shone |
shone |
сиять, блестеть |
shoot |
shot |
shot |
стрелять |
show |
showed |
shown, showed |
показывать |
shut |
shut |
shut |
закрывать |
sing |
sang |
sung |
петь |
sink |
sank |
sunk, sunken |
погружаться, тонуть |
sit |
sat |
sat |
сидеть |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
спать |
smell |
smelt, smelled |
smelt, smelled |
пахнуть; нюхать |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
говорить |
speed |
sped, speeded |
sped, speeded |
спешить, ускорять |
spend |
spent |
spent |
тратить |
spoil |
spoilt, spoiled |
spoilt, spoiled |
портить |
spread |
spread |
spread |
распространяться |
stand |
stood |
stood |
стоять |
steal |
stole |
stolen |
красть |
stick |
stuck |
stuck |
приклеивать |
strike |
struck |
struck, stricken |
ударять; бастовать |
sweep |
swept |
swept |
мести |
swim |
swam |
swum |
плавать |
take |
took |
taken |
брать |
teach |
taught |
taught |
учить, обучать |
tear |
tore |
torn |
рвать |
tell |
told |
told |
рассказывать |
think |
thought |
thought |
думать |
throw |
threw |
thrown |
бросать |
understand |
understood |
understood |
понимать |
wake |
woke, waked |
waked, woken, woke |
будить, просыпаться |
wear |
wore |
worn |
носить, изнашивать |
win |
won |
won |
выигрывать |
wind |
winded, wound |
winded, wound |
заводить; виться |
write |
wrote |
written |
писать |